The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred in 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. An explosion and fire released large amounts of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, spreading over much of Europe. In the most affected areas, levels of radioactivity in drinking water caused concern for weeks and months. Some animals in the worst areas died or stopped reproducing, while the next generation appeared normal. Groundwater was not badly affected as radionuclides decayed or were absorbed in soils before reaching groundwater.

1. Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl disaster was
a catastrophic nuclear
accident that occurred on 26
April 1986 at the Chernobyl
Nuclear Power Plant in the
town of Pripyat, in Ukraine,
which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities of the Soviet
Union. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles
into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR
and Europe.
Environmental Effects
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is
located next to the Pripyat River, which
feeds into the Dnieper reservoir system,
one of the largest surface water systems in
Europe and was still in spring flood when
the accident occurred. In the most affected
areas of Ukraine, levels of radioactivity in
drinking water caused concern during the
weeks and months after the accident. In
small "closed" lakes in Belarus and the
Bryansk region of Russia, concentrations

2. in a number of fish species varied from 100 to 60,000 Bq/kg during the period
1990–92. The contamination of fish caused short-term concern in parts of the
UK and Germany and in the long term (years rather than months) in the
affected areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia as well as in parts of
Scandinavia.
Groundwater
Groundwater was not badly affected by the Chernobyl accident
since radionuclides with short half-lives decayed away long before they could
affect groundwater supplies, and longer-lived radionuclides such as
radiocaesium and radiostrontium were adsorbed to surface soils before they
could transfer to groundwater.
Flora and fauna
After the
disaster, four square kilometers of pine forest directly downwind of the reactor
turned reddish-brown and died, earning the name of the "Red Forest".
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Some animals in the worst-hit areas also died or stopped reproducing.
Most domestic animals were removed from the explosion zone. The next

3. generation appeared to be normal.
Toxic algae
The last few years there has been an issue which concerns many scientists in
the area of the Mediterranean sea. From the 1926 there have been two new
kinds of algae in the sea. Scientists of course noticed them a bit later. So, it
was determined that the first one was leaking out from the exhibition aquarium
of Monaco by accident and it is called Caulerpataxifolia. The second one
which is called Caulerparacemosa, has escaped from the Red Sea. These
two kinds of algae are considered a threat to our environment because they
are spreading extremely fast and because of they structure they cover every
other kind of sea plant that is in their way. So the consequences are decrease
of the biodiversity and overturn of the ecological balance.
Greek newspaper ‘’To Vima’’

4. caulerpataxifolia
caulerparacemosa
Nevada’s Atomic bomb
In 27 January 1951 at a dry lakebed in Nevada the first air dropped nuclear
device was dropped for testing purposes. This test was a part of an American
nuclear test series called Ranger which was consisted of five air dropped
nuclear tests. In the 1963 Partial test ban treaty which banned all nuclear

5. tests in the atmosphere, underwater and in outer space was voted because of
the obvious effects of radioactivity in people’s health. Until today the scale of
harm is uncertain. Some specialists believe that the radioactivity is just a bit
higher than normal when others claim that than phenomenon will grow
stronger and stronger by increased cancer percentage and irregularities in
people’s health and appearance.
CTBTO preparatory commission

6. BOHPAL
On 3 December 1984, a Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant in Bhopal
leaked around 32 tons of toxic gases which led to the worst industrial disaster
to date. The official death toll was initially recorded around 4,000. A Madhya
Pradesh government report stated 3,787 deaths, while other estimates state
the fatalities were significantly higher from the accident and the medical
complications caused by the accident in the weeks and years that followed.
The impact of the disaster continues to this day in terms of psychological and
neurological disabilities, blindness, skin, vision, breathing, and birth disorders.
The soil and ground water near the factory site have been contaminated by
the toxic wastes. The Bhopal disaster continues to be the part of the socio-
political debate; the cleanup of environmental contamination and rehabilitation
of those affected continues to challenge the people of Bhopal.

7. TOKAIMURA
• Tokaimura nuclear accident indicates the nuclear disaster which occurred
on 30 September 1999, resulting in two deaths. It was the worst civilian
nuclear radiation accident in Japan prior to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
disaster of 2011.
• The criticality accident occurred in a uranium reprocessing facility operated
by JCO (formerly Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co.), a subsidiary of
Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. in the village of Tōkai, Naka District, Ibaraki
Prefecture.
• Dozens of emergency workers and nearby residents were hospitalized and
hundreds of thousands of others were forced to remain indoors for 24
hours; 39 of the workers were exposed to the radiation. At least 667
workers, emergency responders ,and nearby residents were exposed to
excess radiation as a result of the accident.
• The two technicians who received the higher doses, Ouchi and Shinohara,
died several months later. The cause of the accident was said to be
"human error and serious breaches of safety principles", according to the
International Atomic Energy Agency.
Question:
• What other solutions do you suggest regarding the issue
of overpopulation?
Answer:
• Better Education
• Making People Aware of Family Planning
• Tax Benefits or Concessions

8. • Knowledge of Sex Education
• Minimize your consumption
• Use contraception
• Do all you can to protect the environment
• Question:
• What do you believe is the worst case/ future scenario
that could potentially happen?
• Answer:
• Wars
• Expansive energy sources
• Scarce food and water
• Feeding on lab-created foods
• Rebellions