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Chernobyl disaster
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- 2. The worstman made disaster in human history .It is one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale 2
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- 4. Chernobyl 4 • Chernobylpower plant was built in an area of wooded marshlands in northern Ukraine in 1978-1979 • Ukraine already held 10% of the worlds nuclear power production when the Chernobyl nuclear power-station was built.
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- 6. April 26, 1986: Chernobylnuclear power plant Operator errors cause a reactor explosion Explosion releases 190 tons of radioactive gasses into the atmosphere People: 7 million lived in contaminated areas; 3 million were children Wind: Carries radiation far distances of Facts 6
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- 9. An Experiment Engineersworking at Chernobyl's number four reactor did a test on the evening of April 25, 1986. The experiment was to see whether the pumps cooling system could still run using power generated from the reactor under low power if the auxiliary electricity supply failed. 9
- 10. The Experiment Begins 10 At11pm at night on April 25, the control rods which are used to regulate the fission process in a nuclear reactor were lowered. The fission process being the process used to absorb neutrons thus slowing the initial chain reaction. When the engineers lowered the rods it reduced the output of the reactor by 20% of the normal output required for a test.
- 11. 11 A Problem Begins When the Engineers lowered the control rods they lowered too many, making the output drop too quickly, causing an almost complete shutdown of the reactor.
- 12. 12 The Problem Worsens The output dropped so quickly that the safety systems were disabled. The Engineers were concerned about possible instability, so they began to raise the rods in hope of increasing output. At 12.30am in the morning on April 26, they decided to continue.
- 13. Trying To RaiseOutput By 1am in the morning of April 26, the power of the reactor was only about 7%, so the engineers raised more rods to raise the power. The engineers disabled the reactor's automatic shutdown system to allow the reactor to work under low power conditions. 13
- 14. Too High :Overload Control rods were again raised by engineers to increase power. By 1.23am in the morning of April 26, the power reached 12% and the decision was made to carry on with the experiment. Only after a few seconds though, the power levels suddenly surged to dangerous levels. 14
- 15. Overheating Begins Thiscaused the reactor to overheat the water in the cooling system started to steam. At this point there were only six control rods remained in the reactor core, the minimum safe operating number was thirty. 15
- 16. Boom At onetwenty-four on the morning of April 26, the first two explosions occurred and caused the reactor's roof to blow off and the content to erupt out. The roof being blown off caused air to get into the reactor and ignite the carbon monoxide gas causing a reactor fire. The reactor fire burned for nine days. 16
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- 18. What caused thedisaster 18 There were two official explanations of the accident •later acknowledged to be erroneous, was published in August 1986 and effectively placed the blame on the power plant operators. •The second report published in 1992 was less critical of the operators and placed much greater emphasis on the design of the reactor itself.
- 19. 27 April, 1986:The first photo to be taken of the reactor, at 4pm, 14 hours after the explosion. This was taken from the first helicopter to fly over there. 19
- 20. 20Chernobyl Nuclear PowerPlant sarcophagus
- 21. 21 70% of theradioactive material70% of the radioactive material was blown into the neighboringwas blown into the neighboring country of Belarus.country of Belarus.
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- 23. 23 In all 150,000Inall 150,000 squaresquare kilometres inkilometres in Belarus,Belarus, Russia andRussia and Ukraine wereUkraine were contaminated.contaminated.
- 24. Exclusion zone ChernobylNuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone-also known as the Zone of Alienation Prypiat- abandoned city Chernobyl (city)-semi-abandoned city Kopachi- abandoned village Poliske- abandoned town Red Forest 24
- 25. 25 • “Liquidators” – Thesewere firemen who helped put out the fires and helped clean up the radiation – Most did not realize the dangers of radiation. – Many later died from radiation, because they didn’t wear protection. – An estimated 8,000-20,000 to date have died (20% from suicide) • Robots – United States supplied – Specifically designed to enter reactor core and help build the sarcophagus The Clean Up
- 26. 26 Clean Up Approximately 300,000 to 600,000 liquidatorswere involved in the cleanup of the 30 km evacuation zone around the plant in the years following the meltdown.
- 27. Direct Casualties 5.5million people still live in contaminated areas 31 people died in 3 months of radiation poisoning 134 emergency workers suffered from acute radiation sickness 25,000 rescue workers died since then of diseases caused by radiation Cancer afflicts many others Increased birth defects, miscarriages, and stillbirths 27
- 28. Indirect Casualties Bythe year 2000 there were 1800 case of thyroid cancer in children and adolescent 100% increase in the incidence of cancer and leukemia High number of suicide and violent death among Firemen, policemen, and other recovery workers 28
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- 30. Mutation 30 Mutations in bothhumans and other animals increased following the disaster. On farms in Narodychi Raion of Ukraine, for instance, in the first four years of the disaster nearly 350 animals were born with gross deformities Piglet with dipyguson exhibit at the Ukrainian National Chornobyl Museum
- 31. Environment Impact Areasstill impacted today: Soil Ground Water Air Food Crops Livestock 31
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- 34. Now Moose, deer, boar,wolves, and bears have been reported in the area, breeding in large numbers. Scientists have been unable to detect any large- scale mutations. Safe from fishing rods, these giant catfish swim in the radioactive water river near the reactor 34
- 35. Chernobyl New SafeConfinement 35 The primary goal of the NSC is to prevent the reactor complex from leaking radioactive material into the environment and the secondary goal is to allow a future partial demolition of the old structure.
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- 37. 37 Chernobyl Memorials A memorialto the firefighters who died after trying to stop the fires that engulfed the plant. They weren’t even told there was radioactivity. A memorial to all of those who died at Chernobyl
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