Chernobyl disaster and what are the lessons we have to learn especially India which having 21 Nuclear Centers or Plants
Reference Video Link is given below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9JSGU8MRb0
Presentation on the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster regarded as the worst nuclear disaster in the history
On 26 April 1986 the nuclear power plant near Pripyat in Ukraine burst and led to the death of many people and leaving more people disabled. This presentation explores the reasons behind the accident and the measures that were taken by the authorities.
A small, compact case study on the Chernobyl disaster. I have made this presentation because I deeply grieve for the loss of every person who suffered by the hand of the horrendous disaster.
Chernobyl disaster and what are the lessons we have to learn especially India which having 21 Nuclear Centers or Plants
Reference Video Link is given below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9JSGU8MRb0
Presentation on the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster regarded as the worst nuclear disaster in the history
On 26 April 1986 the nuclear power plant near Pripyat in Ukraine burst and led to the death of many people and leaving more people disabled. This presentation explores the reasons behind the accident and the measures that were taken by the authorities.
A small, compact case study on the Chernobyl disaster. I have made this presentation because I deeply grieve for the loss of every person who suffered by the hand of the horrendous disaster.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. • The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine, which used to
be a part of the Soviet Union.
• It is considered to be the worst nuclear power plant disaster in
history and the only level 7 instance on the International
Nuclear Event Scale.
3. • What is nuclear power?
The energy produced by splitting atoms in a nuclear reactor.
4. • Why is it dangerous?
Nuclear power technology produces materials that are active in emitting
radiation and are therefore called “radioactive.” We are all exposed daily to a
little radiation but too much or in mass quantities can destroy cells, cause
organs to shut down or after long and continuous exposure cause cancer.
6. REACTOR PLANT SCENARIO
1. As the reaction occurs, the uranium fuel becomes hot
2. The water pumped through the core in pressure tubes removes the heat from
the fuel
3. The water is then boiled into steam
4. The steam turns the turbines
5. The water is
then cooled
6. Then the process
repeats
7. What happened?
Saturday, April 26, 1986:
-Reactor #4 was undergoing a
test to test the backup power
supply in case of a power loss.
-The power fell too low, allowing
the concentration of xenon-135
to rise.
-The workers continued the test,
and in order to control the rising
levels of xenon-135, the control
rods were pulled out.
8. WHAT HAPPENED?
-The experiment involved shutting down the coolant pumps,
which caused the coolant to rapidly heat up and boil.
-Pockets of steam formed in the coolant lines. When the
coolant expanded in this particular design, the power
level went up.
-All control rods were ordered to be inserted. As the rods
were inserted, they became deformed and stuck. The
reaction could not be stopped.
-The rods melted and the steam pressure caused an
explosion, which blew a hole in the roof. A graphite fire
also resulted from the explosion.
11. IMMEDIATE IMPACT
- 203 people were
hospitalized immediately.
31 of them eventually died.
Most of these people were
workers in the plant or
local firefighters.
- NW winds from the Black
Sea carried the radiation
for miles in the following
days. Scandinavian
detectors picked up on the
abundance of radiation, but
the Soviet government
denied everything.
13. • People were evacuated the
day after the explosion.
• A month later 116,000
people in an 18 mile radius
of the plant were evacuated.
• Over 300,000 people were
moved from the accident.
• Many still live in
contaminated areas and the
long term effect is not yet
known.
• The Soviet Union has not
been able to study effects
due to lack of funds and
secrecy.
14. EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE
CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION.
• Fallout levels were very high right around explosion and
affected all wildlife.
• Red Forest- was a forest right by the plant was named this
because plants had a red hue after the explosion. These trees
also died from the amount of radiation they received.
17. THYROID CANCER
•The thyroid gland is the most
vulnerable organ to radiation in the
human body.
•Normally, this is a rare disease,
with only 1 case per year being
reported in Belarus before the
Chernobyl accident.
•Thyroid cancer can take 10-30
years to show it’s effects.
•There has been a 2,400% increase in the rates of thyroid
cancer in Belarus since 1986.
•In the Homyel region of Belarus, the region closest to
Chernobyl, there has been a 100-fold increase in thyroid cancer.
19. OTHER PROBLEMS…
• Food & Water
• Milk—Farmers have to
watch the radiation level
in milk.
• Fish—Cannot be eaten, as
water absorbs radiation
and fats concentrate it
• Radioactive Floods every
spring
• Lives ruined
• Suicide and depression
• Even healthy people were
traumatized
20. • “Liquidators”
• These were firemen who helped
put out the fires and helped clean
up the radiation
• Most did not realize the dangers
of radiation.
• Many later died from radiation,
because they didn’t wear
protection.
• An estimated 8,000-20,000 to
date have died (20% from
suicide)
• Robots
• United States supplied
• Specifically designed to enter
reactor core and help build the
sarcophagus
The Clean Up
21. CLEAN UP
Approximately 300,000 to 600,000
liquidators were involved in the cleanup of
the 30 km evacuation zone around the plant
in the years following the meltdown.
22. EFFECTS ON ECONOMY AROUND THE
CHERNOBYL EXPLOSION.
• Between 300,000 and 600,000 people were brought in to
clean-up.
• Crops were destroyed, livestock was killed, everywhere there
was radiation.
• Over 235 billion dollars has been spent to clean up the
disaster.
• Belarus lost 1/5 of its farming lands(700 million dollars a year
loss.)
• 350 industries were lost due to the disaster.
23. CHERNOBYL TODAY
•The plant has been shut down by
Ukraine.
(Dec. 2000)
•The cement sarcophagus is falling
apart, due to the quick emergency
construction of it.
•The UN estimates that up to 9
million people have been affected
directly or indirectly by the fallout.
•The full consequences will not be
seen for at least another 50 years.
26. SOURCES
• Chernobyl Children’s Project International
• http://www.chernobyl-international.com/aboutchernobyl/default.asp
• Chernobyl.info. “Geographical location and extent of radioactive contamination”
• http://www.chernobyl.info/index.php?navID=2#
• East Cambs Chernobyl Children Life Line; "The Chernobyl Accident“
• http://studiohousebooks.co.uk/chernobyl/Chernobyl/chernobyl.html
• Russian Research Center; Kurchatov Institute. “The Causes of the accident and its progress”
• http://www.cs.ntu.edu.au/homepages/jmitroy/sid101/chernobyl/history.html
• Time Magazine. May 12, 1986. “Deadly Meltdown”
• http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/860512.cover.html
• Uranium Information Center. August 2004. Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 22. “Chernobyl Accident”
• http://www.uic.com.au/nip22.htm
• Ukrainian Web; Chernobyl Tour
• http://www.ukrainianweb.com/chernobyl_ukraine.htm
• Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia; Chernobyl accident
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_accident