chemistry of actinides ,actinides ,f-block elements ,transuranic elements ,chemistry of thorium ,preparation of thorium ,uses of thorium ,slideshare ,actinides slideshare

1. Chemistry of actinides
CECH-303
UNIT-3(B)
BY- Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
HJD INSTITUTE - KUTCH

3. SYMBOLS AND NAMES OF ACTINIDES:-

4. TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS :-
• Elements beyond uranium (Z=92) are known as transuranic
elements.
Preparation of transuranic elements :-

5. TRANSURANIC ELEMENTS :-
Preparation of transuranic elements :-

6. Extraction of thorium:-
Ores :-
ores Chemical name
Thorianite Thorium oxide
Thorite Thorite silicate
Cheralite Silicates and phosphates of Th,
Ca, Ce
monazite Phosphates of Ce, Y, La, Th

7. Extraction of thorium:-
ores :-
• Indian monazite sand is topmost grade in the world ( seacoast of
Kerala state ).
• Extraction of thorium is difficult because rare earth elements are
present in the ore.
• They resemble their chemical properties with thorium.

8. Extraction of thorium:-
Concentration and formation of ThO2 :-
• The ore is freed from major chunks of siliceous impurities either by
mechanical washing or by magnetic separation.
• Treated with conc. Sulphuric acid in cast iron pans.
• The pasty mass is added to cold water and stirred – impurities like
sand and other minerals settle down.
• The clean top solution is separated which contains phosphates of
thorium and rare earth elements.
• This acidic solution is neutralized with alkali.
• We here get precipitates of thorium phosphate.

9. Extraction of thorium:-
Concentration and formation of ThO2 :-
• The precipitates are removed, dissolved in minimum quantity of acid.
• It is then neutralized again to get phosphate of thorium as precipitate.
• It is dissolved in conc. Nitric acid 6 M.
• Treated with KIO3 ( potassium iodate )to get thorium iodate.
• The precipitate is dissolved in HCl and re-precipitated with oxalic
acid.
• It gives thorium oxalate.
• Thorium oxalate is ignited to give thorium oxide.

10. Preparation of thorium:-
Metallic extraction is difficult because metal is highly reactive in
its molten state.

11. Preparation of thorium:-
Metallic extraction is difficult because metal is highly reactive in
its molten state.

12. Properties of thorium:-
Melting point is -1750℃.
Amorphous as well as crystalline.
At very low temperature it shows super conducting properties.
Burns brilliantly with sparks (ThO2 )
Highly electropositive.
Combines with hydrogen vigourously forming ThH4
Thorium is radioactive.

13. Uses of thorium:-
Fuel rod manufacture for atomic reactors.
Thorium oxide is used in preparation of incandescent gas.
Medically used in treatment of cancer.
Thorium nitrate is used to estimate fluorides volumetrically using
methyl red indicator.
Only ThO2 is a stable compound of thorium.