relationship between vanderwaals equation ,vanderwaal equation and critical state ,vanderwaal equation ,critical state ,ideal gas equation ,critical state of carbon dioxide
These slides describe Gauss's Law in electrostatics and its application to find out electric field due to point charge, uniformly charged spherical shell, and electric potential due to spherical shell.
Visit this link: https://phystudypoint.blogspot.com
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
types of organic reaction ,structure of benzene ,electronic structure of benzene ,benzene as a source of electrons ,electrophilic substitution reactions ,aromatic substitution reactions ,electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions ,mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions
These slides describe Gauss's Law in electrostatics and its application to find out electric field due to point charge, uniformly charged spherical shell, and electric potential due to spherical shell.
Visit this link: https://phystudypoint.blogspot.com
Planck's Quantum Theory and Discovery of X-raysSidra Javed
Planck's quantum theory
Discovery of X-rays and explanation of production of X-rays, relation between atomic number and frequency of X-rays, application and uses of X-rays.
types of organic reaction ,structure of benzene ,electronic structure of benzene ,benzene as a source of electrons ,electrophilic substitution reactions ,aromatic substitution reactions ,electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions ,mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions
ynthetic drugs ,preparation of paracetamol ,uses of paracetamol ,p-acetamol ,synthesis of pas ,para amino salicylic acid-pas ,use of para amino salicylic acid ,antipyrine ,uses and sunthesis of antipyrine
hemical kinetics ,order of reaction ,rate of reaction ,second order reaction ,rate of second order reaction ,derivation of k2 ,k2 ,integration of rate expression
Biological functions and toxicity of elements convertedMAYURI SOMPURA
biological function and toxicity of elements ,trace elements ,macro elements ,micro elements ,copper ,leadership ,biological function and toxicity of zinc ,biological function and toxicity of copperchromium ,iodine ,chemistry of iron ,zinc ,radioactive elements biological function
,inhibition and poisoning of enzymes ,inhibition of enzymes ,deactivation of enzymes ,poisoning of enzymes ,inhibition of carbonic anhydrase ,deactivation of carbonic anhydrase ,poisoning of carbonic anhydrase ,epoenzyme ,soft acids ,soft bases
Role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in biological systems MAYURI SOMPURA
role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in biological sys ,heamoglobin ,myoglobin ,oxygen carrier ,oxygen storage ,oxygenation ,hill constant ,binding constant of myoglobin
quefaction of gasesiquefaction of gases ,adiabatic expansion ,mechanical work ,demagnetization of paramagnetic substance ,adiabatic demagnetization ,joule thomson effect
Heat of combustion & bayers theory sem 5MAYURI SOMPURA
organic chemistery ,heat of combustion ,bayers strain theory ,bayers strain theory for cyclobutane ,bayers strain theory for cyclopenatne ,ring size ,energy ,stability ,application of bomb calorimeter ,torsional strain ,angular strain
ALKALOIDS alkaloids ,introduction ,alkaloids introduction ,characteristics of alkaoids ,health effects of alkaloids ,functions of alkaloids ,importance of alkaloids ,pharmacological activity of alkaloids ,classification of alkaloids ,chemical alkaloids
Coniine structure elucidation SLIDESHARE sem 5 bscMAYURI SOMPURA
structure of coniine ,properties of coniine ,preparation of coniine ,constitution of coniine ,bergmann method for preparation of coniine ,bergmann method for synthesis of coniine ,ladenberg method for synthesis of coniine ,chemistry of coniine
chemistry of actinides ,actinides ,f-block elements ,transuranic elements ,chemistry of thorium ,preparation of thorium ,uses of thorium ,slideshare ,actinides slideshare
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. • For ideal gas
PV=nRT
• Vanderwaals equation :
(ideal gas equation with correction factor )
𝒑 +
𝒂
𝑽𝒎𝟐 𝐕𝐦 − 𝐛 = 𝐑𝐓
For n moles :-
𝒑 +
𝒏𝒂
𝑽𝒎𝟐 𝐕𝐦 − 𝐧𝐛 = 𝐑𝐓
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
3. 𝒑𝑽𝒎 − 𝒑𝒃 +
𝒂
𝑽𝒎
−
𝒂𝒃
𝑽𝒎 𝟐 − 𝐑𝐓 = 𝟎
• Multiply by 𝑽𝒎 𝟐
• Then divide by P
• Rearrange the equation in decreasing powers of Vm
(𝑽𝒎)𝟑
− 𝒃 +
𝑹𝑻
𝑷
𝑽𝒎 𝟐
+
𝒂
𝑷
𝑽𝒎 −
𝒂𝒃
𝑷
= 𝟎
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
4. (𝑽𝒎)𝟑− 𝒃 +
𝑹𝑻
𝑷
𝑽𝒎 𝟐 +
𝒂
𝑷
𝑽𝒎 −
𝒂𝒃
𝑷
= 𝟎
• This is a cubic equation in variable Vm.
• Hence,for a single set of value of P and T there should be three vales
of Vm.
• Out of three, only one may be real and other two may be imaginery.
• Graph :-
At constant temperature, values of V are plotted against P
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
6. • It can be seen that for pressure there are 3 values of Vm marked.
• As the temperature increases, the isotherm moves up.
• The three values of V gets closer to one another.
• At certain temperature, there is only one real value for V
corresponding to pressure.
• Small portions of b-c and f-e represent super – saturated vapour and
super heated liquid respectively.
• As temperature is raised loops become smaller and smaller.
• At a critical point all three values become identical.
• Since temperature is critical, volume represents critical volume.
𝑽𝒎 = 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
7. 𝑽𝒎 = 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝐎𝐑 (𝑽𝒎 − 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄)𝟑= 𝟎
• Expand the equation and write in decreasing powers of Vm.
(𝑽𝒎)𝟑− 𝟑𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝑽𝒎 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟐𝑽𝒎 − 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟑 = 𝟎
• This equation must be identical to vanderwaals equation at critical
temperature and pressure for one mole of the gas.
(𝑽𝒎)𝟑− 𝒃 +
𝑹𝑻𝒄
𝑷𝒄
𝑽𝒎 𝟐 +
𝒂
𝑷𝒄
𝑽𝒎 −
𝒂𝒃
𝑷𝒄
= 𝟎
• Hence, coefficients of equal powers of Vm should be equal to one
another:
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
8. 𝑽𝒎 = 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝐎𝐑 (𝑽𝒎 − 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄)𝟑= 𝟎
• Expand the equation and write in decreasing powers of Vm.
(𝑽𝒎)𝟑− 𝟑𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝑽𝒎 𝟐 + 𝟑 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟐𝑽𝒎 − 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟑 = 𝟎
• This equation must be identical to vanderwaals equation at critical
temperature and pressure for one mole of the gas.
(𝑽𝒎)𝟑− 𝒃 +
𝑹𝑻𝒄
𝑷𝒄
𝑽𝒎 𝟐 +
𝒂
𝑷𝒄
𝑽𝒎 −
𝒂𝒃
𝑷𝒄
= 𝟎
• Hence, coefficients of equal powers of Vm should be equal to one
another:
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
9. • 𝟑𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 = 𝒃 +
𝑹𝑻𝒄
𝑷𝒄
• 𝟑 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟐
=
𝒂
𝑷𝒄
• 𝑽𝒎, 𝒄 𝟑 =
𝒂𝒃
𝑷𝒄
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
10. Relation between critical constants and
Van der Waal’s constants
=
C
8a
T
27Rb
=
c 2
a
P
27b
Vm,c = 3b
Boyle temperature(TB) =
B
a
T
Rb
Critical temperature
Critical pressure
Critical volume
11. • Thus, knowing critical constants of gas, it is possible to calculate
vanderwaals constants and vice versa.
➢Assignment :-
➢Derive the relationship between vanderwaals equation and critical
constant.
BY - Ms MAYURI R SOMPURA
