A brief introduction to lanthanide elements is given.
Order .ppts like this at <https://www.fiverr.com/anikmal/teamup-with-you-to-prepare-the-best-presentation>
Along with their physical and chemical properties are also shown. Helpful for quick understanding on lanthanide series.
this presentation discusses the crystal field theory and its role in explaining the formation of coordination complexes by transition elements, their magnetic and colour properties; and its limitations!
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
Comaparative study of lanthanides and actinidesRamyaR162
Comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides. Points of Similarities and difference. Both show close resemblance because these involve filling of f-subshells. Both have coloured ions, low electronegativity, high reactivity and show magnetic properties.
this presentation discusses the crystal field theory and its role in explaining the formation of coordination complexes by transition elements, their magnetic and colour properties; and its limitations!
Introductory PPT on Metal Carbonyls having its' classification,structure and applications.This is a basic level PPT specially prepared for UG/PG Chemistry students.
Comaparative study of lanthanides and actinidesRamyaR162
Comparison of Lanthanides and Actinides. Points of Similarities and difference. Both show close resemblance because these involve filling of f-subshells. Both have coloured ions, low electronegativity, high reactivity and show magnetic properties.
Inner Transition Element by Dr.N.H.BansodNitin Bansod
Inner Transition Element, electronic configuration lanthanide and actinide, lanthanide contraction & consequences, oxidation state, magnetic properties, ion-exchange method for separation, similarities, and differences of lanthanide and actinide
F Block Elements and characteristics of lanthanides.pptxHafsaNisa
f-block elements (properties, classification)
Lanthanides and their general characteristics
Learn about f-block elements and what really these are.
study about lanthanides and actinides. you will also get to know about rare earth elements.
with cool transitions, slides and animation, i hope the students will learn more and more with ease and no difficulty.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
2. • The term "lanthanide" was introduced by Victor Goldschmidt in
1925
• Lanthanide series comprises the fifteen metallic chemical elements
with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through
lutetium
•The elements in which the additional electrons enter into (n-2)f
Orbitals are called the inner transition elements.
•The valence shell electronic configuration of the lanthanides is
(n-2)f1_14 (n-1)d0-10 ns2
3. Their position are as follow.
If we
put lanthanides
and actinides in to
the Periodic
Table like transition
metals,
the table will be
way too wide. The
two rows of
elements present at
the bottom of
the periodic
table are called the
4f series or
lanthanoids and 5f
or actanoids. They
are also called inner
transition elements.
5. •In case of Ba 56 ,6s orbital is completely filled and in case of
•La 57 5d orbital is singly filled….
•But after crossing La57 ,
•The nuclear charge increases by one unit and 4f orbital which is
•Much in energy fall than fd is filled first.
•An exception is shown by GADOLINIUM.Its outermost
electronic
•Configuration s [Xe]4f7 5d1 6s2.though there is a huge energy gap
•Between 4f and 5d,Gd tends to remsin in 4f7 confg in order to
•Attain a half filled stability.
6. An important characteristic shown by lanthanides
is
REASON FOR LANTHANIDE CONTRACTION
•The shielding effect of 4f is very smaller than d orbital as 4f
Orbital is much diffuse in nature.
AS A RESULT IONIC RADII DECREASE
7. CONSEQUENCES OF LANTHANIDE CONTRACTION
1. Post lanthanide elements such as Zr and Hf shows similar I
onic radii though they belong to first and second transition
series
2.Lanthanides show similar physical and chemical
properties.so they are hard to seperate
8. Ionization For any given Lanthanide:
•™As successive electrons are removed from
neutral Ln the stabilizing effect on the
orbitals is related to their principal
quantum number, 4f > 5d > 6s. ™
•For Ln2+ (except for La & Gd) the
configuration is [Xe]4fn
•™For Ln3+ the configuration is always
[Xe]4fn ™The 4f binding energy is so great
that remaining 4f electrons are regarded as
"core-like" (i.e. incapable of modification
by chemical means), except Ce.
Therefore in almost all cases Ln3+
provides the best energetics:
Atomization ∆atmH follows the
inverse trend to I3, and therefore also
to (I1 + I2 + I3). Metallic bonding is
correlated with ease of ionization to
Ln3+ state. This trend is modified
slightly due to the different structures
of the Ln metals
9.
10.
11. COLOUR OF LANTHANIDES
•The colour of the lanthanides emerge from f to f
transitions .
• f → f transitions are much weaker and narrower
than those from d → d transitions
•This makes the colours of lanthanide complexes far
fainter than those of transition metal complexes.
12. MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF LANTHANIDES
Lanthanide ions may be diamagnetic or
Paramagnetic
•Ferromagnetism / Anti-Ferromagnetism / Ferrimagnetism
Lanthanide metals and alloys have interesting ordered
magnetism effects
•SmCo5, Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets – FERROMAGNETIC
•Rare Earth Garnets e.g. Ln3Fe5O12 and Y3Fe5O12.
FERRIMAGNETISM shows an unusual temperature-
dependence
13. •The similarity in ionic radius between adjacent lanthanide
elements makes it difficult to separate them from each other in
naturally occurring ores and other mixtures. thatS why the are
termed “RARE EARTH ELEMENT”
•2/3 of world production is actually used mixed in the
proportions occurring naturally in the ore
•1. Cerium & Europium may be extracted Chemically
•2. Separation by Fractionation: Small Scale methods used
originally
Current Small Scale Lab Separation: • Ion-Exchange
Displacement Column
•3.Current Large Scale Industrial Separation:
Solvent Extraction
14. Metals and Alloys
The pure metals of the Lanthanides have little use. However, the alloys of the metals can
be very useful. For example, the alloys of Cerium have been used for metallurgical
applications due to their strong reducing abilities.
Non-nuclear
The Lanthanides can also be used for ceramic purposes. The almost glass-like covering of a
ceramic dish can be created with the lanthanides.
Nuclear
Like the Actinides, the Lanthanides can be used for nuclear purposes. The hydrides can be
used as hydrogen-moderator carriers. The oxides can be used as diluents in nuclear fields.
The metals are good for being used as structural components. The can also be used for
structural-alloy-modifying components of reactors.
Life Science
It is also possible for some elements, such as Tm, to be used as portable x-ray sources.
Other elements, such as Eu, can be used as radiation sources for treatment of cancer.