The document discusses extracting metals from ores. It explains that the method used depends on a metal's position in the reactivity series. Metals higher up can be extracted using electricity, while others require heating with carbon. It then focuses on extracting iron from its main ore, hematite, using a blast furnace. Chemical reactions in the furnace produce carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to reduce the hematite to iron, leaving impurities and waste gases.

1. Topic :Metals <3
Made by rimmal
 Chemistry 

2. Extracting Metals  
 How do we extract metals from their ores?
An ore is a compound of the metal (usually the oxides,
sulphides, chlorides or carbonates) mixed with large amounts
o
of earth and rock.
Earth and rock are removed before metal is extracted from the
o
ore.
The metal is then extracted by heating with carbon or using
e
electricity.

3.  W
When do we use heating or electricity?
 The position of a metal in the reactivity
series determines the method used for its
extraction.

4.  Gold is found naturally uncombined as a
metal.

5. Extracting Iron from Haematite
 The main ore of iron is haematite.
.
Haematite contains iron(III) oxide mixed
with impurities such as sand and clay.
Iron is extracted from haematite in a blast
furnace.

6. A blast furnanace  <3

7. Chemical Reactions that Take Place
i
in a Blast Furnace
 1. Carbon dioxide is produced.
C
Carbon in coke burns in hot air to produce carbon dioxide.
C + O2------> CO2
Limestone decomposed by heat to form carbon dioxide and calcium
oxide.
CaCO3 -------> CaO + CO2

8. 
2. Carbon monoxide is produced.
As carbon dioxide rises up in the blast furnace, it reacts with
more coke to form carbon monoxide.
C + CO2 ------> 2CO
Chemical Reactions that Take Place in a Blast Furnace
CaSiO3 is called calcium silicate or slag. It floats on top of
molten iron. It is tapped off separately from the iron.

9. 
3
3. Haematite is reduced to iron.
Carbon monoxide reduces iron(III) oxide in haematite to
i
iron.
Fe2O3 + 3CO-----> 2Fe + 3CO2
A good reducing agent
Molten iron is formed and it runs to the bottom of the blast
furnace.
Waste gases e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide escape from the
top of the blast furnace.

10.  4.
4 Impurities are removed.
C
CaO + SiO2 ------>CaSiO3

11. Summarised 
 1. The method used to extract metal from
its ore depends on the positioj of the
reactivity series.
 Metal higher up in the series can be
extracted using electricity
 metals