This document discusses electricity and electrical circuits. It begins by asking what a day without electricity would be like. It then defines electricity as the flow of electrical power or charge through a material. It discusses primary and secondary cells, including common examples like dry cells, batteries, and button cells. It describes the structure and function of dry cells, how cells connect to form batteries, and the basic components and functioning of electrical circuits, including sources, switches, wires, and appliances. Diagrams are used to illustrate electrical circuits. Common conducting materials for wires like copper and aluminum are also mentioned. The document closes by asking about the uses of electricity around us.

1. Chapter 13

2. How would a day
without electricity
be like.

3. What is this?
When do you need this?
Why do use this?

4. A torch is a portable device that
produces light it is switched on.

5. Electricity is the flow of electrical
power or charge through a material

6. 1. Primary cell
2. Secondary cell

7. Cells
Primary cells(cells that
cant be recharged)
Secondary cells (cells that
can be recharged)

8. 1. Dry cell
Where have you
seen these cells?

9. • Electric cell that is used in
torches, alarm clocks,
transistors, radios.
• Chemicals in the cell are in
dry form.
• It generates electricity with
those chemicals.

10. • Once those chemicals are used up, it
has to be replaced with new cell.

11. 2. Heavy batteries
These can be recharged and
used again and again.

12. 3. Button cells
• Almost size of a button.
• Used in small devices such as
wrist watches, calculators and
hearing aids

13. 4. Solar cell
Converts solar
energy to
electricity

14. Structure of dry cell

15. • It has two terminals- positive (raised
part)and negative terminals(metallic
flat surface)
• Outer layer is made of metal zinc.
• Metal cap at the positive terminal is
connected to a rod made of carbon.

16. • A paste of ammonium chloride and a
layer of manganese oxide separate the
zinc container from carbon rod.
• When negative terminal and positive
terminal are connected through wires,
chemicals inside the dry cell react and
create electricity.

17. cell
A group of cells
connected together
form a battery.

18. Bulb
A bulb also has 2 terminals.
There is a thin wire called
filament.
When filament is connected
to terminals, the bulb glows

21. When the path for the flow of
current is complete, the switch is said
to be on and the circuit is closed.
When the path for the flow of
current is incomplete, the switch is
said to be off and the circuit is open..

22. Electric circuit
The path of flow of
electricity is called
electric circuit.

23. Components of electric circuit
1. Source
2. Switch
3. Connecting wire
4. Appliance

25. A circuit diagram is a simple
way of showing an electric
circuit using symbols.

26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aeDWygMRN0

27. • Silver and copper are good conductors
of electricity.
• Copper and aluminium is relatively
cheap and are widely used for making
electrical wires.

28. What are uses of electricity
around us?