While conducting research, a researcher has to use different techniques & tools of data collection. Observation technique is very important for quantitative as well as qualitative research. In the observation technique, there are two important tools- a checklist & a rating scale. In this presentation, Observation technique & checklist-related information is given.

1. By Dr. Deo Neha

2. Different Techniques & Tools of
Evaluation
Examination Observation
Introspection /
Self reporting
Projective Sociometric
Written
Oral
Practical
Anecdotal
record
Rating scale
Checklist
Problem
inventory
Personality
inventory
Rorshaque
ink blot
Essay,
drawing a
picture, doll
play, diary
Interest
inventory etc.
Guess who?
Interview
Completion-
sentence,
story
Sociogram
TAT

3. Quantitative
Research
Evaluation
Qualitative
Research
Observation

4. Observational Research
Survey Research
Experimental Research
Using group of people
determine cause-and-
effect relationships.
CASUAL
Asking individuals
about attitudes,
preferences or buying
behaviors.
DESCRIPTIVE
Gathering data by observing
people, Action & situation.
EXPLORATORY

5. Check list
 A prepared list of behaviors or items.
 The presence or absence by checking yes or no.
 A prepared list of items which are relevant to the
problem being studied.
 Responses are a matter of fact & not the judgment.

6. When to use a check list?-
 To evaluate skill.
 To evaluate any aspect of behavior.
 To evaluate any object prepared by a student.
 To count the number times each behavior occurs.
 To observe any ongoing process.
 To observe any infrastructure.

7. Examples
Skills
Essay writing,
dancing or any
other art
Drawing
Picture,
diagram, graph
etc.
Behavior
Study
Habits
Discipline
Health
habits
Sport
Infrastruc-
ture
Laboratory,
Library, School
plant etc

8. Uses of check list
 Easy to prepare.
 Data can be gathered from a relatively large number of
sample.
 Precise data can be collected.
 Quick record of ongoing process can be collected .
 Relatively cheap.
 Can be made reliable.

9. Limitations of check list
 Comparative study cannot be done.
 If it is not prepared precisely & critically,
comprehensive observation cannot be done.

10. Characteristics of a good
observation
Observers should be objective & free from their biases.
Observations should be checked & verified by
repetition or comparison.
Observations should be collected in such a way as to
make sure that they are valid & reliable.

11. Characteristics of a good
observation
It should be carefully planned, systematic & perceptive.
Observers should be aware of the wholeness of what is
observed.
Observers should separate the facts from
interpretation of facts.
Observations should be carefully & expertly recorded.

12. Study habit checklist
Criteria Student A B C D
Does homework regularly
√
Writes neatly
√ √
Can concentrate
√ √
Studies without help of others
√ √
Can use reference book
√ √

13. Rating
Scale
Score
cards
Scaled
specimen

14. Thank You.