The central nervous system develops through several stages from conception through adulthood. Early development involves the formation of the neural plate and tube, proliferation of neurons, migration and aggregation of cells into structures, growth of axons and formation of synapses. Later development includes neuronal cell death and synaptic pruning. Experience plays a role in brain development and plasticity continues into adulthood. Neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder result from genetic and environmental factors that disrupt normal brain development.
This presentation provides a brief overview of early brain development with links made to early years practice. Questions are included to help practitioners reflect on their role in helping to positively influence early brain development.
Presentation by Rosemarri Klamn, MAPC, CHRP
November 20, 2015
EDDE 803: Teaching and Learning in Distance Education
Doctorate of Education in Distance Education
This presentation provides a brief overview of early brain development with links made to early years practice. Questions are included to help practitioners reflect on their role in helping to positively influence early brain development.
Presentation by Rosemarri Klamn, MAPC, CHRP
November 20, 2015
EDDE 803: Teaching and Learning in Distance Education
Doctorate of Education in Distance Education
this presentation is to show to everyone how do psyhoanalytic works or it explain how did sigmun freud describe the developmental growth of each person.
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
This presentation is just a brief overview of application of cognition psychology prepared for class presentation. Sharing this here as these can be helpful to others too.
The Psychodynamic Model - An Introduction to FreudnoiseTM
Sigmund Freud was the first to see mental illness in purely psychological terms (rather than physical or spiritual causes). From unconscious drives, "ego defences" and child development to the idea of the "talking cure" - the origins of modern psychotherapy and counselling.
"Using attachment theory to understand parent-child conflict in non-adopted boys" looks at three detailed cases of young boys who present with difficulties in social situations and asks if Attachment Theory can offer a useful lens for understanding their difficulties.
this presentation is to show to everyone how do psyhoanalytic works or it explain how did sigmun freud describe the developmental growth of each person.
It provides a brief information about Neuroplasticity to enthusiast willing to know "How we gain daily skills?" and "Changing ability of our brain according to our daily habit."
For more details on study, you can follow the references...
This presentation is just a brief overview of application of cognition psychology prepared for class presentation. Sharing this here as these can be helpful to others too.
The Psychodynamic Model - An Introduction to FreudnoiseTM
Sigmund Freud was the first to see mental illness in purely psychological terms (rather than physical or spiritual causes). From unconscious drives, "ego defences" and child development to the idea of the "talking cure" - the origins of modern psychotherapy and counselling.
"Using attachment theory to understand parent-child conflict in non-adopted boys" looks at three detailed cases of young boys who present with difficulties in social situations and asks if Attachment Theory can offer a useful lens for understanding their difficulties.
5Physical Development
Novastock/Photolibrary/Getty Images
Learning Objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
ሁ Describe changes in body and brain structure from birth through adolescence.
ሁ Detail the process of nerve function and how neurons transmit signals.
ሁ Provide behavioral examples that demonstrate how the brain is organized.
ሁ Outline major milestones in motor development.
ሁ Clarify important issues related to toilet training.
ሁ Identify warning signs of various physical disabilities that may first appear in early childhood.
ሁ Describe physical changes that take place during puberty, including historical and cultural trends,
and the differential impact on males and females.
Section 5.1General Patterns of Growth
Prologue
Among infants and young children, tremendous changes occur in every domain of develop-
ment. However, none are more apparent than the physical changes. When new parents talk
about their baby’s growth, the first thing that usually comes to mind is height, weight, and
motor activity. Imaging devices now allow us to track coinciding changes in brain tissue. We
can conclusively differentiate between a male brain and a female brain—even at birth. Though
we are far from making predictions about physical development based on brain scans, we can
predict some effects of deprivation. For instance, malnutrition can have far-reaching conse-
quences, extending into physical, cognitive, and even psychosocial domains.
Quite unlike other animal species, human infants are virtually helpless at birth. Babies can
eat only if a nipple is provided; they cannot move objects out of the way or closer; and for the
most part they cannot manipulate the physical structure of the environment. Initially they
do not even have the muscle strength needed to hold up their heads. It is only with adult
assistance that infants can survive and eventually optimize growth. Technology and scien-
tific advancement have allowed us to better understand how we transition from completely
dependent beings into adolescents who are perfectly capable of walking away from their par-
ents. This module focuses on those physical developments.
5.1 General Patterns of Growth
Though parents do not often notice, the heads of infants are disproportionately large com-
pared to the rest of their bodies. On their way to adult proportions, the torso and limbs grow
faster than the head. This pattern of growth is an example of directionality, one of the gen-
eral principles of human growth. In this case, the direction is
cephalocaudal, literally meaning “head to tail.” At birth not
only is the head more developed physically than the rest of
the body, but also vision and hearing precede growth of the
limbs. That is, babies begin to focus their eyes on what they
hear well before they begin walking or perform coordinated
hand movements.
Physical growth also occurs in a proximodistal pattern—
from the inside out. In the prenat ...
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
chapter7.ppt
1. Development of the Central Nervous
System
an ongoing process, through adolescence
and maybe even adult hood ?
the nervous system is “plastic”
Experience plays a key role
Dire consequences when something goes
wrong
- “teratogens”
- Drugs of abuse, industrial chemicals,
caffeine?,
household chemicals
2. Stages of Development
Phase Approximate Age Highlight
Prenatal Conception - birth Rapid physical
growth
Infancy Birth - 2 yrs Motor development
Childhood 2 - 12 yrs Abstract reasoning
Adolescence 13 - 20 yrs Identity creation,
“Judgement”
Directly related to maturation of
the “Prefrontal Cortex”
5. a. Consists of 3 layers of
cells: endoderm,
mesoderm, and ectoderm.
Thickening of the
ectoderm leads to the
development of the
neural plate
b. The neural groove
begins to develop at 20
days.
At about 18 days after conception the embryo begins to implant
in the uterine wall.
6. c. At 22 days the neural
groove closes along the
length of the embryo
making the neural tube.
d. A few days later 4
major divisions of the
brain are observable –
the telencephalon,
diencephalon,
mesencephalon, and
rhombencephalon.
7. Lateral view of the human
brain shown at one-third size
at several stages of fetal
development. Note the
gradual emergence of gyri
and sulci.
Photographs of Human
Fetal Brain Development
8. Phases of brain development
Neural plate induction
Neural proliferation
Migration & Aggregation
Axon growth & Synapse formation
Cell death & Synapse rearrangement
9. Induction of the Neural Plate
2-3 weeks after conception
A patch of tissue on the dorsal surface of the
embryo that will become the nervous system
Development induced by chemical signals
“growth factors”: several chemicals produced
in developing and mature brain that stimulate
neuron development and help neurons respond
to injury
10. Neural Plate
Totipotent (zygote) –
Fertilized ovum has ability to divide and produce all cells
of the body (brain, kidney, liver, skin, bone etc.)
Can produce a whole animal
Pluripotent: 5 days after fertilization = blastocyst forms,
some of these cells are embryonic“stem cells”. Can be taken
and differentiated into any organ ?
With the development of the neural tube, cells
become multipotent –
able to develop into any type of mature nervous system
cell
11. Phases of brain development
Neural plate induction
Neural proliferation
Migration & Aggregation
Axon growth & Synapse formation
Cell death & Synapse rearrangement
12. Proliferation –
Generation of new cells
3 swellings at the anterior
end in humans will become
the forebrain, midbrain, and
hindbrain
2. Mitosis/Proliferation
•Occurs in ventricular zone
•Rate can be 250,000/min
•After mitosis “daughter”
cells become “fixed” post
mitotic
13. 3. Migration: slow movement to the “right
place”
Only a soma and immature
axon at this point
-undifferentiated at
start of migration.
But, differentiation begins as
neurons migrate.
They develop
neurotransmitter making
ability, action potential
14. 3. Migration
Radial glial cells act as
guide wires for the
migration of neurons
Migrating cells are
immature, lacking
dendrites
Cells that are done
migrating align themselves
with others cells and form
structures (Aggregation)
Radial Glia
15. Growth Cones: tips of axons on migrating, immature neurons
Growth cones crawl forward as they
elaborate the axons training behind
them. Their extension is controlled by
chemical cues in their outside
environment that ultimately direct
them toward their appropriate targets.
Chemoattractants
Vs
Chemorepellants
17. 4. Axon Growth/Synaptogenesis
Once migration is complete and structures
have formed (aggregation), axons and
dendrites begin to grow to their “mature”
size/shape.
Axons (with growth cones on end)
and dendrites form a synapse with
other neurons or tissue (e.g. muscle)
Growth cones and chemo-attractants
are critical for this.
18. Synaptogenesis
Formation of new synapses
Depends on the presence of glial cells –
especially astrocytes
Chemical signal exchange between pre- and
postsynaptic neurons is needed
20. 5. Neuronal Death
Between 40-75% neurons made, will die
after
migration – death is normal and necessary !!
Neurons die due to failure to compete for
chemicals provided by targets
Neurotrophins –
promote growth and survival
guide axons
stimulate synaptogenesis
21. Release and uptake
of neurotrophic
factors
Neurons receiving
insufficient neurotropic
factor die
Axonal processes
complete for limited
neurotrophic factor
Synaptic rearrangment
23. Postnatal Cerebral Development
Human Infants
Postnatal growth is a consequence of
Synaptogenesis
Increased dendritic branches
Myelination (prefrontal cortex continues into
adolescence)
Overproduction of synapses may underlie the
greater “plasticity” of the young brain
Young brain more able to recover function after injury, as
compared to older brain
24.
25. Early Studies of Experience and Brain
Development
Early visual deprivation
fewer synapses and dendritic spines in visual
cortex
deficits in depth and pattern vision
“Enriched” environment
thicker cortices
greater dendritic development
more synapses per neuron
26. Development of the Prefrontal Cortex
Believed to underlie age-related changes
in cognitive function, judgement, decision-
making
No single theory explains the function of
this area
Prefrontal cortex plays a role in working
memory, planning and carrying out
sequences of actions, and inhibiting
inappropriate responses
29. Neuroplasticity in Adults ?
Mature brain changes and adapts
Neurogenesis (birth of new neurons)
seen only in olfactory bulb and hippocampus
of adult mammals
Not clear if this is critical for “normal” adult
behavior
30. Effects of Experience on the
Reorganization of the Adult Cortex
Skill training leads to reorganization of motor
cortex
Adult musicians who play instruments have an
enlarged representation of the hand in
somatosensory cortex
Reorganization is synaptogenesis or pruning
of
unused synapses…
31. Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
1/91 live births in U.S.)
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
(1/100 live births in North America ?)
33. Autism
Most have some abilities preserved
Savants – intellectually
handicapped individuals
who display specific
cognitive or artistic abilities
~1/10 autistic individuals
display savant abilities
34. Neural Basis of Autism
Genetic basis
Siblings of the autistic have a 5% chance of being
autistic
60% concordance rate for monozygotic twins
Several genes interacting with the environment
35. 50+% of women who could become
pregnant are drinking
2% of women drink significantly during
pregnancy, 10% drink some
Glass of wine, bottle of beer, shot of liquor are equal
approximately 0.5 oz absolute alcohol
Fetal brain damage occurs at regular doses of 1-2 oz/day
(2-4 drinks) Source: National Institute on Alcohol
Abuse and Alcoholism
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum
Disorders
36. Infant: Problems with sleep, feeding, milestones, muscle
tone, sensory information processing
Child: Hyperactive, poorly coordinated, learning delays
Adolescent/Adult: poor judgment, attention, problems
with arithmetic, memory, abstraction, frustration/anger
Symptoms of FASD
37. Neural Basis of Fetal Alcohol
Spectrum Disorders
When is alcohol exposure most dangerous ???
38. Neural Basis of Fetal Alcohol
Spectrum Disorders
Alcohol inhibits all stages of brain development, except
neuronal death, which it promotes.
39. Brain damage resulting from prenatal
alcohol
Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD
Brain of baby with Brain of baby with heavy no
exposure to alcohol prenatal exposure to alcohol