There are several types of printmaking processes described in the document. Relief printing involves cutting away areas of the matrix so that only the remaining parts carry ink. Intaglio is the opposite, where the cut or etched areas hold the ink. Engraving uses a burin tool to cut into metal plates while etching involves using acid to bite lines drawn with a resist. Aquatint uses acid to create tonal areas and drypoint creates fine lines that wear down over multiple prints. Lithography does not require cutting, as drawings are made directly on stone or metal plates using waxy materials.

1. Printmaking Chapter 6

2. Printmaking Print- a multiple work of art Nearly identical pieces can be created Matrix-the base material the artwork is made on Stone, wood, metal, linoleum… Edition-group of images from the same matrix Many artist limit editions and all editions are numbered

3. Relief Parts of the matrix not meant to carry ink are cut away Soft wood, linoleum, or rubber are used often It’s difficult to render shading Multiple colors means multiple blocks Registration is critical-lining up of blocks on the paper

4. Relief. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

5. Section of The Diamond Sutra . Chinese Buddhist text. 868. Length of entire scroll 18'. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

6. Emil Nolde. Prophet . 1912. image: .317 × .225 cm (12-1/2" × 81-3/16"). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

7. Rockwell Kent. Workers of the World, Unite . 1937. 8" × 5-1/8". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

8. Elizabeth Catlett (Mexican, 1919). Sharecropper . 1970. 54.5 × 51.3 cm. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

9. Intaglio Opposite of relief printing The areas that are cut into hold the ink The areas to hold ink are cut, scratched, or etched Engraving and etching are principal processes in the intaglio process

10. Intaglio. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

11. Engraving A burin(engraving tool) is used to cut into the metal plate Any bur that is left from cutting the metal is smoothed with a scraper Also difficult to render shading Traditionally, cross hatching is used to show depth and shadow

13. Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528). The Knight, Death and the Devil . 1513. Page: 10" × 7-7/8" (25.5 × 20 cm), Plate 9-5/8" × 7-1/2" (24.5 × 19 cm). Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

14. Etching Resist-a coating that will resist the effects of acid Usually wax or varnish The artist then uses a sharp tool to draw(expose) the areas to be etched by the acid The lines in an etching are less exact than in an engraving

15. Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn (1606–1669). Christ Preaching . c. 1652. 61-1/4" × 8-1/8". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

16. Aquatint Used for areas of a print that need a shade or gray tone Resist is sprinkled over the metal plate and etched This gives a rough surface that can create the feeling of shading

17. Drypoint For very fine lines A very sharp tool is used to create these fine lines Often a diamond tipped tool The bur is integral to keeping these line visible The bur is worn down during printing, so often the artist can only make so many prints before it loses quality

18. Mary Cassatt. The Letter . 1891. H: 13-5/8" × 8-15/16". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

19. Lithography No cutting is necessary Drawings are made on a stone or metal plate Drawings are created using litho pencils or tusche which are very waxy The image is then fixed with a solution of gum arabic and weak acid The stone or plate is then wet and the ink applied The ink is oil based and will only stick to the waxy drawing and not the wet surface

20. Lithography. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

21. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril . c. 1893. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

22. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril Dansant . c. 1893. 38" × 27". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

23. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Jane Avril . c. 1893. 50-5/8" × 37". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

24. Offset Lithography Uses a light sensitive plate instead of a stone

25. Stencil Stencil- a sheet with a design cut out of it. Painting or spraying will transfer the design Screenprinting- adhere the stencil to a silk screen. With a squeegee, ink is pushed through the screen. Anywhere the design is adhered, no ink will pass through the screen Can also be create using light sensitive silk screen

26. Kim McCarthy. Urban Buddha . 2009. 36" × 48". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

27. Screenprinting. Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.

28. Ester Hernández. Sun Mad . 1982. 22" × 17".Ellen Gallagher. "Mr. Terrific" from Deluxe . 2004–2005. 1diani. La Humanidad . From Continents series: The Humankind. 2004. 27" × 40". Copyright ©2011, ©2009 Pearson Prentice Hall Inc.