1) The document discusses key terms related to word parts, the parts of an atom, elements, compounds, water properties, the pH scale, and the four main macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. 2) It also explains that enzymes speed up chemical reactions, work by binding to substrates and releasing products, and must fit substrates like puzzle pieces to function properly. 3) Enzyme activity can be affected by pH and temperature as they can become denatured and change shape if exposed to excessive pH or heat.

1. Word Parts
1. Macro – Large
2. -ase – enzyme
3. -ose – sugar
4. Haleo – salt
5. Thermo - heat

2. Chapter Two
Chemistry of Life

3. 3 Parts of an Atom
Proton – positively charged
Neutron – no charge (neutral)
Electron – negatively charged

4. Elements
Consist entirely of 1 type of atom
(Periodic Table)
Most Important Elements:
C - carbon
H - hydrogen
O - oxygen
N - nitrogen

5. Compounds
Combination of two or more elements
H²O - water
CO² - carbon dioxide
NaCl – salt
H²O² - hydrogen peroxide
The Most Abundant compound in living
things is H²O

6. Water
Cohesion – attraction b/w same substances
Adhesion – attraction b/w diff. substances
Solvent – does the dissolving (water)
Solute – gets dissolved (color)
Solution – even mixture (colored water)
Mixture – not chemically combined
(flour/sugar)

7. pH Scale – determines how acidic
or basic a substance is:
Strong
Acid
Weak
Acid
Strong
Base
Weak
Base

8. 4 Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates – main source of
energy for living things
Example: Starches and Sugars
2. Lipids – stores energy
Examples: Fats, Oils, & Waxes

9. 4 Macromolecules
3. Nucleic Acid – stores & transmits
genetic information
Examples: Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
or Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
4. Proteins – made of amino acids &
controls cell processes, forms muscle,
& helps fight disease
Examples: Meats, Peanuts, Enzymes

10. Enzymes
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Chemical Reactions – when one set of
chemical turn into another set by
breaking and forming new bonds.
Reactants  Products

11. How Enzymes Work:
1. Substrates bind to an enzyme (-ase)
2. Substrate changes into products
3. Products are released
4. Enzyme starts the process again
Draw: Catalase+ H²O²  H²O + O²

12. Enzymes Cont.
Enzymes must fit the substrate like a
“Lock and Key” or “Puzzle Piece” or it
wont work.
Enzymes are affected by pH and
temperature.
Denatured Enzymes have changed
shape from excessive pH or temperature
and no longer work properly.