The document outlines important safety procedures and rules for science laboratories, including wearing proper eye protection, disposing of chemicals correctly, knowing the locations of safety equipment, and following instructions from teachers. Basic safe practices like tying back long hair and avoiding loose clothing or open-to

1. Costa’s Levels of
Questioning and
Thinking

2. Why use Costa’s?
 A way to deeper understand material.
 Design challenging questions to test
your self.
 Has three levels
 Easy to learn

3. Level 1 – Book Only
 Answers can be found in the text
 Texts can be books, notes, articles, etc.
 Concrete questions asking for facts only
about what was read or heard
 Information is recalled the way it was
heard

4. Level 1 Words
 List
 Define
 State
 Describe
 Give Examples
 Explain
 Locate

5. Level 2 – Book and Brain
 Answer can be inferred from text
 More abstract, but still relies on facts
 Brain has to use the facts to combine
information in a new way
 Information can be broken down into
parts
 Examining in detail
 Making inferences
 Decision-making

6. Level 2 Words
 Compare and
contrast
 Diagram
 Practice
 Illustrate
 Solve
 Outline
 Write
 Select
 Draw
 Analyze

7. Level 3 – Brain Only
 Answer goes beyond the text
 Question is abstract and does not rely on
text
 Judgments are made from information
 Opinions may be given and justified

8. Level 3 Words
 Judge
 Predict
 Prove your answer
 Explain your answer
 Conclude
 Justify
 Apply
 Imagine

9. Practice
 Remember the story of the Three Little
Pigs???
 We are going to use that to work with
Costa’s Levels of Questioning

10. Safety in the Science
Laboratory

11. Lab Safety: Everyone is Responsible!
* “I didn’t mean to” and “It wasn’t my fault” are
two statements that have no place in the lab.
* Horse-play won’t be tolerated.
* Be prepared. Read the lab steps and
procedures before beginning any lab.
* Listen to the instructor’s directions and ask
questions if you don’t understand.

12. No playing around in the Lab!
* No playing, pushing, shoving
* Serious accidents could occur: cuts, burns
* Horseplay will result in a 0 for your lab grade.
* Disciplinary action will be taken for improper
procedures
* May be excluded from future labs.

13. Two things to remember in the Science
Lab
* Follow proper techniques
* Use common sense

14. Potential Hazards in the Lab
• Fire
• Severe burns to body
• Corrosive or poisonous
substances
• Glassware breakage

15. Know where safety devices are located
* Fire extinguishers
* Fire blanket
* Emergency shower
* Eyewash
* Exit doors
* Telephone

16. Basic, safe laboratory
practices are expected of
all students!!!

17. Eye Protection
* Safety goggles or glasses must be worn at all
times in the laboratory.
* Contact lenses should not be worn in the lab
or wear special goggles

18. Personal Safety Rules
* Long hair needs to be tied back
* Bulky clothing or loose fitting sleeves should
not be worn
* No open toed shoes
* Low hanging jewelry can catch on things and
should not be worn in the lab

19. Safety rules to remember
* To protect clothing from chemical damage, wear a lab
apron
* Do not have extra papers not needed on the lab table
while working with the Bunsen burner or other lab
equipment
*In case of injury (cut, burn, fire, etc) notify the instructor
immediately
* Never work in the lab without proper supervision

20. Testing of odors
* Do not smell the beaker directly

21. To test odor, carefully wave the vapor from the
beaker toward your nose with your hand. Keep
the beaker quite a distance from your face.

22. Heating a test tube
* Hold the test tube end away from your face
and others
* Wave the test tube gently back and forth
across the flame to help prevent spattering

23. Lab Station Clean-up
* Dispose of chemicals as directed by the instructor
* NEVER put unused chemicals back into their original
container
* Return any chemicals to the designated area
* Wash and dry all glassware
* Clean and dry your lab table
* Wash your hands with antibacterial soap

24. Successful Labs
* Be prepared and read directions
* Use lab equipment properly
* Perform lab techniques properly
* Clean up your lab station area
* Complete the lab report as directed and
answer all questions

25. Earth Science
Mr. Miller
J17

26. Essential Question
What is studied in Earth Science
and Environmental Science?

27. History of Science
 Science is a system of knowledge and the
method used to find knowledge.
 It all starts with curiosity which provides
questions
 Often it ends with discovery.

28. Science and Technology
 Technology is the use of knowledge to
solve practical problems.
 Both depend on each other
 Advances in one lead to advances in the
other.
 Goal of Science: Advance Knowledge
 Goal of Technology: Apply Knowledge

29. Earth Science
 Name for the group of sciences that deals
with Earth and its neighbors in space
 Four Branches
 Geology – Study of Earth
 Oceanography – Study of sea water, coastal
processes, seafloor, and marine life
 Meteorology – Study of atmosphere and
processes that produce weather and climate
 Astronomy – Study of the universe

30. Four Spheres of Earth
 Hydrosphere: ~72% of the Earth is H2O
 (97% salt, 3% fresh)
 Less than 1% is useable
 Atmosphere: thin, gaseous layer surrounding
Earth
 Geosphere: layer of Earth beneath the
atmosphere and oceans
 Three Layers – Core, Mantle, Crust
 Biosphere: includes all life on Earth
 Extends from ocean floor up several km into the
atmosphere

31. Spheres Cont.
 Hydrosphere
 Atmosphere

32. Spheres Cont.
 Geosphere  Biosphere

33. Earth as a System
 These spheres work
together as a system.
 Energy & matter flow
into and out of the
system

34. Two Sources of Energy for the Earth
 Sun: drives external processes in the
atmosphere, hydrosphere, & at Earth’s
surface
 weather, climate, ocean circulation, erosion
 Earth’s interior: drives internal processes
 volcanoes, earthquakes, & mountain building

35. Environmental Science
 The study of how humans interact with the
environment.
 Major focus is solving environmental
problems
 Pollution
 Resource Depletion (Search for Energy)
 Extinction

37. Scientific Measurements
Essential Question:
What is the metric system and how
does the United States differ in the way
we measure things?

38. What is a measurement?
• Precise observation based on
numerical descriptions
• Must be accurate and reproducible

39. Scientific Measurement
• The unit is half the
answer.
• The number should
be in proper form.
– Decimal form is the
proper form.
5 1/2 5.5 g

40. What’s the big deal about the
metric system?
• It’s the system of measurement used in
science.
– Used all around the world
– Based on multiples of 10
– Includes length, volume, mass, &
temperature

41. Types of Measurements
• Length
– Distance from 1 point to another
– Standard unit is the meter (m)
– Common instrument is metric ruler

42. Types of Measurements cont..
• Volume :The amount of space occupied
by an object
– Standard unit for a liquid - liter (L)
(graduated cylinder is tool of measure.)
(measure to the bottom of the meniscus)
– Standard unit for a solid - cm3
(metric ruler is tool of measure)

43. Types of Measurements cont..
• Temperature
– Amount of heat energy in a substance
– Standard unit - Celsius (°
C)
– Instrument: Celsius thermometer

44. Types of Measurements cont....
• Time
– Limited period in which an action takes
place
– Standard unit: Second (s)
– Instrument: Stop Watch, Timer

45. Types of Measurements cont..
• Mass
– The amount of matter in an object
– Standard unit - gram (g)
– Instrument: Triple Beam Balance
– Remains the same no matter where you
are

46. Types of Measurements cont..
–Let's compare mass and weight
• Weight
–Force of gravity on an object
–Changes with location
Not used by scientists because
of this
–Fw = m X g

47. Scientific Notation
• Is a way of expressing a value as the
product of a number between 1 and 10
and a power of 10.
• Makes very large or very small numbers
easier to work with.
• Examples:
– 300,000,000 = 3.0 x 108
– 0.00086 = 8.6 x 10-4

48. Multiplying and Dividing with
Scientific Notation
• Multiply the decimal numbers and add
the exponents.
– Example:
• (3.0 x 108
m/s)(5.0 x 102
) = 15 x 1010
m1.5 x 1011
m
• Divide the decimal numbers and subtract
the exponents.
– Example:
• (1.5 x 1011
m) = 0.50 x 103
s = 5.0 x 102
s
(3.0 x 108
m/s)

49. Practice Problems
• Math Practice 1 & 2 on p. 15 of your
text book.
• Math Practice 7 & 8 on p. 20 of your
text book.