Chapter 7 muscular
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The document summarizes the structure and function of skeletal muscle. It describes the sarcomere as the basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle, containing actin and myosin filaments. It explains how skeletal muscle contracts through neural stimulation of the neuromuscular junction, which causes the release of calcium and interaction of actin and myosin, leading to muscle fiber shortening. It also lists some of the key functions of skeletal muscle like body movement, posture maintenance, and respiration.
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The document describes the three main types of muscle tissues - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It then focuses on the structure and function of skeletal muscle, including the sarcomere, myofilaments, neuromuscular junction, motor unit, stimulus for contraction, and the sliding filament theory. It discusses energy sources for muscle contraction as well as muscle fatigue, heat production, and responses.
Chapter 6 - The Muscular System
The document provides information about the three main types of muscle in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. It summarizes their key characteristics:
- Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and found in the limbs.
- Smooth muscle is not striated, involuntary, and found in internal organs.
- Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary, and only located in the heart.
The document also outlines the structure, function and locations of various muscles throughout the body like the biceps, triceps, abdominal muscles and muscles that control breathing.
Special senses
The document summarizes the key aspects of the special senses and the anatomy and function of the eye. It discusses how sensory receptors in sense organs like the eyes, ears, nose and tongue detect stimuli from the environment and send signals to the brain via sensory neurons. It then focuses on describing the different parts of the eye, including the sclera, choroid, retina, lens, iris and pupil. It explains how light enters the eye and is focused on the retina, and how different structures like the lens and iris help with vision.
Muscular System Lesson PowerPoint, Muscles, Human Body Unit
This is the Muscular System lesson PowerPoint from my Human Body Systems Unit at www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This lesson explores the muscular systems and includes homework, worksheets, lesson notes, dissection lab, and much more.
The Muscular System
The document summarizes the muscular system. There are three types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, attaching to bones to enable movement. It contracts through the sliding filament model, where actin and myosin filaments interact powered by ATP. Motor neurons stimulate muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction, and calcium ions link electrical signals to contraction. Muscle utilizes creatine phosphate, glycogen, and cellular respiration to fuel contractions and overcome fatigue. Muscular diseases can result from genetic mutations affecting muscle proteins.
The muscular system
This PowerPoint presentation covers the anatomy, physiology and common disorders of the muscular system.
Muscular Skeletal System
The document summarizes information about the skeletal and muscular systems. It discusses that the skeletal system includes bones that protect organs and give the body shape, while the muscular system contains around 630 muscles that work with the skeletal system to allow movement. Both systems are vital to normal body function and developing strength and mobility.
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Muscular System Lesson PowerPoint, Muscles, Human Body Unit
Muscular System Lesson PowerPoint, Muscles, Human Body Unit
Similar to Chapter 7 muscular
Anatomy And Physiology of Human muscle tissue
Shortening in Smooth Muscle • Actin & myosin overlap • Slide along each other during contraction • Meshwork becomes more compact • Cell shortens and fattens • Increase in intracellular free Ca++ is
necessary for contraction
• Much Ca ++ comes from extracellular fluid
(ECF) – Entry through cell membrane
• Some Ca ++ released from internal vesicles
(SR)
• Mechanisms to trigger Ca increase: – Spontaneous Membrane depolarization – Depol. By Extrinsic nerve supply (autonomics) – Chemical messengers • Local & blood-borne; Hormones , metabolit
A and P Mod5
The document discusses the structure and function of the three main types of muscle tissue - skeletal, smooth and cardiac - describing their characteristics, the sliding filament model of contraction, motor unit recruitment, and the energy systems that power muscle contraction. Skeletal muscle is made of bundles of striated muscle fibers attached to bones via tendons that contract through calcium-induced actin-myosin crossbridge cycling powered by ATP hydrolysis.
Muscle tissue
1. Muscle tissue is one of four primary tissue types and is divided into three main categories: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows voluntary movement.
2. Skeletal muscle contains bundles of fibers surrounded by connective tissues. Within the fibers are myofibrils composed of thin actin filaments and thick myosin filaments that slide past each other to cause muscle contraction.
3. Contraction is triggered when a motor neuron stimulates the neuromuscular junction, causing calcium release and the myosin heads to interact with and pull on the actin filaments. The strength of contraction depends on factors like overlap of filaments and stimulation frequency.
Lecture 6.dr hameed alsarraf
The document discusses the three main types of muscle in the body - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It describes the structure, function, and control mechanisms of skeletal muscle in detail. Key topics covered include skeletal muscle fiber structure, the sliding filament model of contraction, excitation-contraction coupling, and the properties of skeletal muscle contractions.
Presented by yasmeen zartash
1. The document discusses the mechanism of muscle contraction known as excitation-contraction coupling, where an action potential causes the myofibrils in muscle to contract.
2. It describes the structures involved in muscle contraction including myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules, thick and thin filaments, and sarcomeres.
3. The mechanism of muscle contraction involves calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential, which allows cross-bridge binding of actin and myosin filaments and the sliding filament mechanism of contraction.
MUSCLE TISSUE.pptx
Muscle tissue is divided into three primary types - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is organized into motor units controlled by the nervous system and allows for voluntary movement. Contraction occurs when calcium ions are released, causing the thin and thick myofilaments to interact via cross-bridges, sliding the filaments and shortening the sarcomere. The amount of tension produced depends on factors like sarcomere length, stimulation frequency, and number of motor units recruited. Energy for muscle contraction is obtained primarily through aerobic metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
Lecture 6- contraction
1) The document discusses the process of skeletal muscle contraction, beginning with the transmission of nerve impulses to muscle fibers and ending with cross-bridge cycling.
2) It describes how motor neurons stimulate contraction via motor units and neuromuscular junctions. Within the muscle fiber, calcium release triggers the cross-bridge binding of actin and myosin filaments.
3) Cross-bridge cycling involves the sequential binding, power stroke, and detachment of myosin from actin, powered by ATP hydrolysis. This cycling causes sarcomeres and the entire muscle fiber to shorten, resulting in contraction.
Skeletal Muscle Physiology of Muscle Contraction _RDP
Skeletal muscle tissue is derived from mesoderm and contains long, cylindrical muscle cells that are multi-nucleated. Skeletal muscle allows for movement and generates heat in response to stimulation. When stimulated by a motor neuron, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which allows the actin and myosin filaments to interact and cause muscle contraction. Contraction ends when calcium is reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, separating the actin and myosin filaments and allowing muscle relaxation.
1587124408-biomechanics-of-skeletal-muscles.pdf
1. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones via tendons and produce movement. They are composed of bundles of muscle fibers that contain contractile filaments of actin and myosin.
2. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model where the heads of myosin cross-bridges attach to actin and generate a power stroke, pulling the filaments closer together and shortening the sarcomere.
3. Repeated stimulation above a threshold frequency results in tetanic contraction where the tension generated is sustained due to summation of individual twitches. The size principle dictates that smaller motor units are recruited before larger ones.
A&P Chapter 09
This document summarizes the structure and function of the three main types of muscles - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It describes their characteristics, locations in the body, and cellular structures. The key functions of muscles include body movement, maintaining posture, producing heat, and propelling substances through the body. Muscle contraction occurs through a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin filaments interact through cross-bridge cycling, powered by ATP hydrolysis. Calcium ions play a crucial role in initiating contraction by allowing the myosin heads to bind actin.
Lecture on muscular system
This document provides an overview of the muscular system, including the different types of muscles (skeletal, smooth, cardiac), their structure and function. It describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction driven by ATP and calcium. Key points are that skeletal muscle allows voluntary movement, smooth muscle controls involuntary functions like digestion, and cardiac muscle pumps blood involuntarily. The summary focuses on the essential information about muscle types, contraction mechanisms, and energy sources.
Muscular System : Unit 3.1
The document discusses the microscopic anatomy and physiology of the muscular system. It identifies key structures in skeletal muscle such as myocytes, sarcoplasm, myofibers and myofibrils. The process of muscle contraction is described in four stages: nerve stimulus and acetylcholine release, generation of an action potential, muscle fiber contraction, and relaxation. Contraction occurs when calcium ions stimulate the binding of myosin to actin, pulling the sarcomere shorter. Relaxation requires ATP and the return of ions to their original positions.
Unit 6 muscular system
1. The muscular system has three main functions: produce movements, maintain posture, and generate heat.
2. There are three main types of muscle in the human body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
3. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and controls voluntary movement, while smooth and cardiac muscles control involuntary functions like digestion and heart rate.
Lecture 3 movement 2nd sem 2008-2009
This document discusses three types of movement: ameboid, ciliary/flagellar, and muscular. Ameboid movement involves pseudopodia extension and retraction powered by actin polymerization. Ciliary and flagellar movement are driven by dynein motor proteins causing bending. Muscular movement occurs via the sliding filament model of actin and myosin cross bridge cycling powered by ATP hydrolysis.
7. muscle contraction lecture 2
1. The document discusses the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle contraction. It describes how an action potential causes the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron, leading to depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane.
2. Calcium release within the muscle fiber initiates cross-bridge cycling between actin and myosin, producing muscle contraction. Contraction ceases as calcium is reabsorbed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, relaxing the muscle.
3. The length-tension relationship states that skeletal muscle generates maximum force when sarcomeres are at their optimal resting length, with overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Shorter or longer lengths reduce the number of cross-
Muscular system Physiology
There are three types of muscle tissue in the body - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and found attached to bones. It allows for movement. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is not striated, has one nucleus, and is found in organs like the GI tract and blood vessels. It allows for functions like digestion. Muscle contraction occurs via a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin filaments interact using ATP for energy.
Musculoskeletal systems
The document describes the major functions and components of the muscular system. It discusses the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue, including the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. It also outlines several types of muscular disorders, like Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.
muscle physiology.pptx
The document discusses the structure and function of three main types of muscle - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and striated, smooth muscle is involuntarily controlled and non-striated, and cardiac muscle is involuntarily controlled and striated. The structure of muscle down to the sarcomere level is described, along with the roles of myosin, actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction and relaxation driven by calcium, ATP, and acetylcholine signaling.
A&P Muscular Chap 7.ppt
The document discusses the characteristics and functions of the three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It then describes the physiology of skeletal muscle contraction at the cellular level. The key points are:
1) Muscle tissue has properties of excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity that allow it to contract when stimulated and return to its resting state.
2) Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled, attached to bones, and striated in appearance. Cardiac muscle involuntary controls the heart and is also striated. Smooth muscle involuntarily controls organs and blood vessels and is non-striated.
3) Skeletal muscle contraction occurs when motor neurons stimulate release of acetyl
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology of Muscle Contraction _RDP
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Chapter 7 muscular
- 1. JOEL G. SORIA, PT, MD Chapter 7 - The Muscular System
- 3. • Body Movement • Maintenance of Posture • Respiration • Production of Body Heat • Communication • Constriction of Organs and Blood Vessels • Heart Beat Functions
- 4. • CONTRACTILITY: ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. • EXCITABILITY: capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. • EXTENSIBILITY: skeletal muscle can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree. • ELASTICITY: ability of skeletal muscle muscles to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. Functional Characteristics
- 5. Sarcomere Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Transverse Tubule Capillaries Nuclei Bone Tendon Skeletal muscle Epimysium (fascia) Fasciculi Endomysium Muscle fiber Mitochondr Myofibrils Actin Myosin Sarcolema
- 7. Sarcomere – Basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle. – Each sarcomere extends from one Z-disk to another Z-disk Z-Disk – a network of protein fibers forming an attachment site for actin myofilaments
- 8. Sarcomere – Basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle. – Each sarcomere extends from one Z-disk to another Z-disk Z-Disk – a network of protein fibers forming an attachment site for actin myofilaments
- 9. Actin Myosin
- 10. • Troponin – attached at a specific interval along the actin and provide calcium binding sites on the actin myofilament • Tropomyosin – located along the groove between the twisted strands of actin myofilament. Actin
- 11. Myosin
- 15. How does Skeletal Muscle Contracts? 1st the Central Nervous System gives the order for muscle contraction The order (to contract) reaches the Muscle thru the Neuro-Muscular Junction
- 17. • Charge Difference – Higher concentration of Potassium (K+) inside the cell membrane. – Potassium is more permeable than other ions • Action Potential – Rapid depolarization and repolarization of the cell membrane IN - - - - - - K Potassium OUT + + + + + + Na Sodium Membranepotential Cell Membrane
- 19. 1.Action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal causes synaptic vesicles to move and to bind with the cell membrane 2.Synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine (Ach) into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis 3.Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft 4.Acetylcholine binds to Acetylcholine receptor sites on Na+ channels in postsynaptic (muscle) cell membrane 5.Combination of Acetylcholine with its receptor site opens Na+ channels and causes and increase in the permeability of the muscle cell membrane
- 20. ACh binds to receptors in the sarcolema band spreads in all direction Sends electrical impulse to the t-tubules Releases Calcium
- 25. • Force of contraction: • Summation – Increase the force of the contraction • Recruitment – Increase the number of muscle fibers contracting • Tetanus – Sustained contraction • Rigor mortis – Muscles become rigid
- 26. – Types of muscle contraction – Isometric contraction – equal distance – Isotonic contraction – equal tension – Concentric contraction – Eccentric contraction – Muscle tone – Refers to the constant tension produced by the muscle over long periods of time
- 27. • Agonist – muscle that accomplishes a certain movement. • Antagonist – muscle acting to oppose the agonist. • Synergist – members of the same group acting to produce a movement • Prime movers • Fixators