Cardiovascular system

1. Joel G. Soria, MD
Cardiovascular
System

2. o Blood components and their functions
o Heart (Structure and parts) cardiac cycle
o Blood vessels and circulation

3. BLOOD

4. Transport of gases, nutrients, & waste products.
Transport of processed molecules.
Transport of regulatory molecules..
Regulation of pH and osmosis.
Maintenance of body temperature
Protection against foreign substances.
Clot formation.
Functions of Blood

5. Composition of Blood
Consist of connective tissue
Cells and Cell fragments –
Formed elements
Liquid - Plasma
Total BloodVolume:
4-5 L (female), 5-6 L (male)
8% of total body weight

6. Plasma
Pale yellow fluid that consist of:
91% water.
7% proteins
2% other substances
Plasma proteins include:
Albumin- Participates in movement of throughout the body
Globulins- Immune system
Fibrinogen- Responsible of blood clots

8. RBC or Erythrocytes (95%)
WBC or leukocytes
Platelets
Formed Elements

10. Hematopoeisis –
Process of blood cell
production.
At Birth – It occurs in
multi-organ
At Birth it occurs in
Red Marrow

12. Disk-shaped biconcave cells
During development – RBC loses
their nuclei and most of their
organelles. Unable to divide
RBC can live an average of 120
days in males and 110 days in
females
Hemoglobin – Pigmented protein,
main component of RBC
Accounts the red color of
RBC
Red Blood Cells

13. Functions of RBC
Transport of oxygen from the lungs to various tissues
Assist the transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs
GLOBIN+
IRON
HEME
OXYGEN

14. RBCproduction

15. White Blood Cells
Spherical cells, whitish in color
Larger than RBC, each has nucleus
Functions:
Protection of body against invading microorganism
Remove dead cells and debris form tissues by phagocytosis
WBC contains GRANULOCYTE and AGRANULOCYTE

16. GRANULOCYTE
Neutrophils – remain in the body for 10-12 hours. Move into other tissues,
phagocytize microorganism and other foreign substance.
Basophils – releases histamine that promotes inflammation. Releases Heparin –
prevention of blood clot
Eosinophils – Reduce inflammation, involved with destruction of certain parasites
AGRANULOCYTE
Lymphocytes – Production of antibodies and other chemicals that
destroy microorganism, contribute to allergic reaction, reject grafts,
control tumors, regulate the immune system
Monocytes – Becomes macrophages

17. Preventing Blood Loss

18. Blood Clot
Thromboplastin

19. Thromboplastin
Anti-Thrombin and Heparin

20. Fibrinolysis

21. Blood Typing

24. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
HEART

25. Functions of the Heart
Generating blood pressure
Routing of blood
Ensuring one-way blood flow
Regulating blood supply

26. Location of the Heart

28. Pericardium
Heart is surrounded by
pericardial Cavity

29. Surface Anatomy of the Heart

32. Anatomy of the Heart

36. JSoria

37. Cardiac Cycle

42. A
trial
D
epolarization
Ventricular
Depolarization

45. The ECG

49. Table. 12.1a