The document provides information about the solar system including planets, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. It compares characteristics of terrestrial and Jovian planets such as composition, structure, atmosphere, escape velocity, and magnetic fields. It discusses that planets and stars generate magnetic fields through dynamo effect from rotation and convection of conducting materials. It also summarizes that asteroids are remnants from planet formation, most are in the asteroid belt but some share Jupiter's orbit. Comets have icy nuclei and tails formed from sublimating ices when close to the Sun. Dwarf planets like Pluto are in the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune's orbit.
The document provides an overview of the Solar System, summarizing each planet from Mercury to Mars. It describes key facts about each planet such as their orbit, composition, climate, and exploration. The document is an educational guide meant to teach about the inner Solar System and spark curiosity about space.
Transit of Venus Teacher Training Secondary School Session - History and ScienceSze-leung Cheung
The document provides details about a teacher training workshop on observing the transit of Venus. It includes the schedule, topics to be covered in lectures and demonstrations, and objectives of the workshop. The workshop aims to help teachers understand the importance of the transit, learn how to observe it safely and hold related activities, and discuss support options. It will cover the science and history of transits, observation techniques, and making observation equipment.
Uranus and Neptune are cold, gaseous planets discovered in the last 350 years using telescopes and mathematics. They have similar physical properties but Neptune shows more surface features. Uranus's unique tilted axis causes extreme seasons, while Neptune has unexplained internal heat. Both planets have moon systems, with Triton in a rare retrograde orbit around Neptune. Faint rings have also been detected circling Uranus and Neptune.
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
The document discusses various celestial objects in our solar system, including the moon, planets, stars, and other astronomical bodies. It provides details about the moon's surface and phases, describes the eight planets and some of their features, and mentions asteroids, comets, meteors, and both natural and artificial satellites. The moon's surface is dusty and barren with many craters, and it orbits around Earth every 9.5 days. The solar system contains the sun and eight planets, along with asteroids, comets, and other small bodies.
Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and orbits closest to the Sun. It has long days but a short year, and its surface is heavily cratered. Venus is similar in size to Earth but has a dense, toxic atmosphere that causes a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet despite being farther from the Sun than Mercury. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known place where life exists. It has liquid water and an atmosphere suitable for life. Mars is a cold, desert world with seasons and polar ice caps that shows evidence it was once warmer and wetter in the past.
This document provides information about the Solar System for third graders. It includes definitions of key terms like orbit, star, and axis. It lists the order of the planets and provides 3 sentences each about Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Additional details are given about the Sun, Moon, and some recommended websites and videos for further learning.
Compare and Contrast Earth and Mars- 1st Formative TaskTatik R Sumarahati
Our Solar System contains the Sun and objects that orbit it, including 8 planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Many planets have natural satellites (moons). The Sun is at the center and is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. The planets range greatly in size and composition. Smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets also orbit the Sun.
The document provides an overview of the Solar System, summarizing each planet from Mercury to Mars. It describes key facts about each planet such as their orbit, composition, climate, and exploration. The document is an educational guide meant to teach about the inner Solar System and spark curiosity about space.
Transit of Venus Teacher Training Secondary School Session - History and ScienceSze-leung Cheung
The document provides details about a teacher training workshop on observing the transit of Venus. It includes the schedule, topics to be covered in lectures and demonstrations, and objectives of the workshop. The workshop aims to help teachers understand the importance of the transit, learn how to observe it safely and hold related activities, and discuss support options. It will cover the science and history of transits, observation techniques, and making observation equipment.
Uranus and Neptune are cold, gaseous planets discovered in the last 350 years using telescopes and mathematics. They have similar physical properties but Neptune shows more surface features. Uranus's unique tilted axis causes extreme seasons, while Neptune has unexplained internal heat. Both planets have moon systems, with Triton in a rare retrograde orbit around Neptune. Faint rings have also been detected circling Uranus and Neptune.
A solar system refers to a star and all the objects that travel in orbit around it. Our solar system consists of the sun - our star - eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon); dwarf planets; asteroids and comets. Our solar system is located in an outward spiral of the Milky Way galaxy.
The document discusses various celestial objects in our solar system, including the moon, planets, stars, and other astronomical bodies. It provides details about the moon's surface and phases, describes the eight planets and some of their features, and mentions asteroids, comets, meteors, and both natural and artificial satellites. The moon's surface is dusty and barren with many craters, and it orbits around Earth every 9.5 days. The solar system contains the sun and eight planets, along with asteroids, comets, and other small bodies.
Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and orbits closest to the Sun. It has long days but a short year, and its surface is heavily cratered. Venus is similar in size to Earth but has a dense, toxic atmosphere that causes a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet despite being farther from the Sun than Mercury. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known place where life exists. It has liquid water and an atmosphere suitable for life. Mars is a cold, desert world with seasons and polar ice caps that shows evidence it was once warmer and wetter in the past.
This document provides information about the Solar System for third graders. It includes definitions of key terms like orbit, star, and axis. It lists the order of the planets and provides 3 sentences each about Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Additional details are given about the Sun, Moon, and some recommended websites and videos for further learning.
Compare and Contrast Earth and Mars- 1st Formative TaskTatik R Sumarahati
Our Solar System contains the Sun and objects that orbit it, including 8 planets. The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Many planets have natural satellites (moons). The Sun is at the center and is made mostly of hydrogen and helium. The planets range greatly in size and composition. Smaller objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets also orbit the Sun.
The document provides information about various celestial bodies in our solar system, including the sun, planets, dwarf planets, comets, and more. It describes key facts about each, such as their composition, distance from the sun, presence of moons or rings, temperature conditions, and dangers to watch out for during a hypothetical space travel tour. The writing is aimed at educating and entertaining children about our solar system in simple terms.
This document provides an overview of the planets in our solar system, from Mercury to Uranus. It discusses key facts about each planet such as composition, exploration probes, and notable features. For example, it notes that Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is named after the Roman messenger god. It also summarizes Venus as Earth's sister planet with extreme temperatures and probes that have explored its surface like Magellan 4.
The Solar System: An Introduction to Comparative PlanetologyBren Dale
This document provides an introduction to the Solar System, including summaries of each planet and some key facts. It discusses the Sun, the eight major planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), Pluto, and compares their properties. It also includes diagrams showing the relative sizes of planets and layout of the Solar System, as well as descriptions of different types of space missions like flybys, orbiters, landers, rovers, aeroplanes, balloons, and subsurface explorers.
The Solar System: An Introduction to Comparative PlanetologyBren Dale
This document provides an introduction to the study of comparative planetology and summarizes key facts about the planets in our solar system. It begins by defining the solar system and planetology. It then details important characteristics about each planet from Mercury to Pluto, such as Mercury being the hottest planet and Venus having dense sulfuric acid clouds. It also discusses smaller objects like dwarf planets and the Kuiper Belt. Finally, it outlines different types of space missions like flybys, orbiters, landers and rovers that are used to explore bodies in our solar system.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a mass more than twice that of all other planets combined. It is composed primarily of gas and liquid and rotates faster than any other planet. Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field of any planet and has over 60 moons, four of which are large moons called the Galilean satellites that were discovered by Galileo. Europa may have subsurface oceans that could potentially support life. Many missions have been sent to Jupiter to study its atmosphere, magnetosphere, rings and moons.
Asteroids are small rocky or icy planetary bodies left over from the formation of the solar system. Originally there were many more asteroids, but most have collided to form planets, been ejected into the outer solar system or beyond. The asteroids seen today are what remains of the original population in the inner solar system.
this power point presentation contain all the description about milky way galaxy & solar system with picture & sound...
by just clicking F11 this PPT will start...
The Voyager flights to Jupiter and Saturn were NASA missions launched in 1977 that took advantage of a rare planetary alignment to visit multiple outer planets using gravitational assists. Voyager 1 and 2 were each complex, long-lived spacecraft carrying instruments to study the planets, rings, moons, and environments. Voyager 1's encounter with Jupiter in 1979 revealed active volcanoes on Io and details of Jupiter's atmosphere, while both probes provided the first close images of Jupiter's moons."
This document contains information about the solar system including the sun, planets, moons, and satellites. It provides details about the characteristics of each planet such as their composition, temperatures, and number of moons. Additionally, it discusses milestones in space exploration including early Russian missions, the first American to orbit Earth, the moon landing, and South Africa's first astronaut.
1. The document discusses several celestial bodies in our solar system including galaxies, comets, black holes, planets, and their characteristics.
2. It explains that galaxies are large systems containing billions of stars and other matter bound together by gravity, and that Edwin Hubble discovered other galaxies beyond the Milky Way.
3. Key facts are provided about planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune as well as other objects like comets and black holes. Their compositions, orbits, rotations, and other physical traits are summarized.
The Solar System consists of the Sun and objects bound to it by gravity, including 8 planets. The 4 inner terrestrial planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are primarily rocky. The 4 outer gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - are massive and gaseous. Between Mars and Jupiter is the asteroid belt. Comets originate from the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune and have highly elliptical orbits. Each planet has unique characteristics such as atmospheric composition, rotation period, and presence of moons and rings.
The document discusses features of the planet Mercury such as its heavily cratered surface, dormant volcanoes, and substantial iron core. It also describes Venus' thick, poisonous atmosphere and rolling hills with few impact craters. Finally, it mentions that Mars was once thought to have canals but was found to have water on its surface in the past and may still have underground water reserves today. It provides images and details about the geological features and climates of these three planets.
There are several hypotheses for how the Solar System formed. The nebular hypothesis proposes that the Solar System originated from a large cloud of gas and dust that collapsed due to gravity, forming a disk with the Sun at the center and planets forming in the disk. The protoplanet hypothesis, which is currently favored, incorporates aspects of the nebular hypothesis and proposes that planets formed from the accretion of protoplanets in the primordial disk. An earlier encounter hypothesis suggested that a passing star stripped material from the young Sun via tidal forces, forming the planets, but this did not provide enough angular momentum to explain the current Solar System configuration.
The document discusses the components of our solar system, including the sun, nine planets, their moons, asteroids, and comets. It provides details about the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. It also describes the outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The document explains that asteroids are small leftover bodies from the early solar system, while comets are small icy bodies that emit gas and dust when passing by the sun. It concludes with suggesting writing a paragraph summarizing five facts about the solar system.
A powerpoint presentation I made for our physics class. It was actually a group thing but I had to edit and start all over again but this looks not that good for me because this is a result of "cramming"! If you were part of my physics class, I swear, God bless!
- Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and has a diverse system of moons. Its atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium and has colorful cloud bands. Beneath the clouds is liquid metallic hydrogen which generates Jupiter's strong magnetic field.
- The document discusses Jupiter's atmosphere, interior structure, magnetic field, and its 67 moons including the four largest Galilean moons. It also describes impacts on Jupiter from comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has a blue-green color and was discovered in 1781 by William Herschel. Uranus has a unique axial tilt of 97.86 degrees, causing it to orbit the Sun on its side. It has 27 known moons, including large moons like Titania and Oberon. Uranus also has a system of 13 rings composed of narrow dark rings in the inner system and brightly colored outer rings.
The document provides information about the universe and our solar system. It discusses the formation of the universe in the Big Bang around 14 billion years ago. It then describes our solar system, including details about the sun, planets, and other celestial objects. It explains Earth's rotation, revolution around the sun, and axial tilt, which causes the seasons and variations in daylight hours at different latitudes.
The document is a chapter from an astronomy textbook. It contains 13 multiple choice questions about topics relating to the solar system, including the differences between terrestrial and Jovian planets, asteroids, comets, meteor showers, and theories of the origin of the solar system. It also briefly discusses techniques for detecting exoplanets and why Earth-sized exoplanets have not yet been detected.
The document provides a detailed lesson plan for teaching Grade 4 students about the solar system. The lesson plan includes objectives, materials, methodology, and assessment. The teacher will introduce the topic of the solar system through a game to motivate students. The teacher will then discuss each planet, their order from the Sun, and key facts. Students will participate through questions and by drawing and labeling the solar system. To evaluate learning, the teacher will give a short quiz. For homework, students will draw and explain their favorite planet. The goal is for students to understand the makeup of the solar system.
The document provides a catalogue of objects within our solar system, including the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, dwarf planets, and Kuiper Belt objects. It describes each category of object including their typical size, composition, location in space, examples, and estimated monetary value. Key details provided include the Sun being made of plasma located 30,000 light years from the galaxy's center, planets having elliptical orbits around the Sun composed of rock or gas, and moons orbiting planets composed mostly of rock.
Eris is the largest and most distant known dwarf planet in the solar system. It has one moon named Dysnomia and orbits the sun once every 557 years, reaching a distance of almost 10 billion miles from the sun at its farthest point. Eris is slightly larger than Pluto and was discovered in 2003, making it the most recently discovered dwarf planet.
The document provides information about various celestial bodies in our solar system, including the sun, planets, dwarf planets, comets, and more. It describes key facts about each, such as their composition, distance from the sun, presence of moons or rings, temperature conditions, and dangers to watch out for during a hypothetical space travel tour. The writing is aimed at educating and entertaining children about our solar system in simple terms.
This document provides an overview of the planets in our solar system, from Mercury to Uranus. It discusses key facts about each planet such as composition, exploration probes, and notable features. For example, it notes that Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is named after the Roman messenger god. It also summarizes Venus as Earth's sister planet with extreme temperatures and probes that have explored its surface like Magellan 4.
The Solar System: An Introduction to Comparative PlanetologyBren Dale
This document provides an introduction to the Solar System, including summaries of each planet and some key facts. It discusses the Sun, the eight major planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), Pluto, and compares their properties. It also includes diagrams showing the relative sizes of planets and layout of the Solar System, as well as descriptions of different types of space missions like flybys, orbiters, landers, rovers, aeroplanes, balloons, and subsurface explorers.
The Solar System: An Introduction to Comparative PlanetologyBren Dale
This document provides an introduction to the study of comparative planetology and summarizes key facts about the planets in our solar system. It begins by defining the solar system and planetology. It then details important characteristics about each planet from Mercury to Pluto, such as Mercury being the hottest planet and Venus having dense sulfuric acid clouds. It also discusses smaller objects like dwarf planets and the Kuiper Belt. Finally, it outlines different types of space missions like flybys, orbiters, landers and rovers that are used to explore bodies in our solar system.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a mass more than twice that of all other planets combined. It is composed primarily of gas and liquid and rotates faster than any other planet. Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field of any planet and has over 60 moons, four of which are large moons called the Galilean satellites that were discovered by Galileo. Europa may have subsurface oceans that could potentially support life. Many missions have been sent to Jupiter to study its atmosphere, magnetosphere, rings and moons.
Asteroids are small rocky or icy planetary bodies left over from the formation of the solar system. Originally there were many more asteroids, but most have collided to form planets, been ejected into the outer solar system or beyond. The asteroids seen today are what remains of the original population in the inner solar system.
this power point presentation contain all the description about milky way galaxy & solar system with picture & sound...
by just clicking F11 this PPT will start...
The Voyager flights to Jupiter and Saturn were NASA missions launched in 1977 that took advantage of a rare planetary alignment to visit multiple outer planets using gravitational assists. Voyager 1 and 2 were each complex, long-lived spacecraft carrying instruments to study the planets, rings, moons, and environments. Voyager 1's encounter with Jupiter in 1979 revealed active volcanoes on Io and details of Jupiter's atmosphere, while both probes provided the first close images of Jupiter's moons."
This document contains information about the solar system including the sun, planets, moons, and satellites. It provides details about the characteristics of each planet such as their composition, temperatures, and number of moons. Additionally, it discusses milestones in space exploration including early Russian missions, the first American to orbit Earth, the moon landing, and South Africa's first astronaut.
1. The document discusses several celestial bodies in our solar system including galaxies, comets, black holes, planets, and their characteristics.
2. It explains that galaxies are large systems containing billions of stars and other matter bound together by gravity, and that Edwin Hubble discovered other galaxies beyond the Milky Way.
3. Key facts are provided about planets like Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune as well as other objects like comets and black holes. Their compositions, orbits, rotations, and other physical traits are summarized.
The Solar System consists of the Sun and objects bound to it by gravity, including 8 planets. The 4 inner terrestrial planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are primarily rocky. The 4 outer gas giants - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - are massive and gaseous. Between Mars and Jupiter is the asteroid belt. Comets originate from the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune and have highly elliptical orbits. Each planet has unique characteristics such as atmospheric composition, rotation period, and presence of moons and rings.
The document discusses features of the planet Mercury such as its heavily cratered surface, dormant volcanoes, and substantial iron core. It also describes Venus' thick, poisonous atmosphere and rolling hills with few impact craters. Finally, it mentions that Mars was once thought to have canals but was found to have water on its surface in the past and may still have underground water reserves today. It provides images and details about the geological features and climates of these three planets.
There are several hypotheses for how the Solar System formed. The nebular hypothesis proposes that the Solar System originated from a large cloud of gas and dust that collapsed due to gravity, forming a disk with the Sun at the center and planets forming in the disk. The protoplanet hypothesis, which is currently favored, incorporates aspects of the nebular hypothesis and proposes that planets formed from the accretion of protoplanets in the primordial disk. An earlier encounter hypothesis suggested that a passing star stripped material from the young Sun via tidal forces, forming the planets, but this did not provide enough angular momentum to explain the current Solar System configuration.
The document discusses the components of our solar system, including the sun, nine planets, their moons, asteroids, and comets. It provides details about the inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. It also describes the outer planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The document explains that asteroids are small leftover bodies from the early solar system, while comets are small icy bodies that emit gas and dust when passing by the sun. It concludes with suggesting writing a paragraph summarizing five facts about the solar system.
A powerpoint presentation I made for our physics class. It was actually a group thing but I had to edit and start all over again but this looks not that good for me because this is a result of "cramming"! If you were part of my physics class, I swear, God bless!
- Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and has a diverse system of moons. Its atmosphere is made up of hydrogen and helium and has colorful cloud bands. Beneath the clouds is liquid metallic hydrogen which generates Jupiter's strong magnetic field.
- The document discusses Jupiter's atmosphere, interior structure, magnetic field, and its 67 moons including the four largest Galilean moons. It also describes impacts on Jupiter from comet Shoemaker-Levy 9.
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has a blue-green color and was discovered in 1781 by William Herschel. Uranus has a unique axial tilt of 97.86 degrees, causing it to orbit the Sun on its side. It has 27 known moons, including large moons like Titania and Oberon. Uranus also has a system of 13 rings composed of narrow dark rings in the inner system and brightly colored outer rings.
The document provides information about the universe and our solar system. It discusses the formation of the universe in the Big Bang around 14 billion years ago. It then describes our solar system, including details about the sun, planets, and other celestial objects. It explains Earth's rotation, revolution around the sun, and axial tilt, which causes the seasons and variations in daylight hours at different latitudes.
The document is a chapter from an astronomy textbook. It contains 13 multiple choice questions about topics relating to the solar system, including the differences between terrestrial and Jovian planets, asteroids, comets, meteor showers, and theories of the origin of the solar system. It also briefly discusses techniques for detecting exoplanets and why Earth-sized exoplanets have not yet been detected.
The document provides a detailed lesson plan for teaching Grade 4 students about the solar system. The lesson plan includes objectives, materials, methodology, and assessment. The teacher will introduce the topic of the solar system through a game to motivate students. The teacher will then discuss each planet, their order from the Sun, and key facts. Students will participate through questions and by drawing and labeling the solar system. To evaluate learning, the teacher will give a short quiz. For homework, students will draw and explain their favorite planet. The goal is for students to understand the makeup of the solar system.
The document provides a catalogue of objects within our solar system, including the Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids, meteoroids, dwarf planets, and Kuiper Belt objects. It describes each category of object including their typical size, composition, location in space, examples, and estimated monetary value. Key details provided include the Sun being made of plasma located 30,000 light years from the galaxy's center, planets having elliptical orbits around the Sun composed of rock or gas, and moons orbiting planets composed mostly of rock.
Eris is the largest and most distant known dwarf planet in the solar system. It has one moon named Dysnomia and orbits the sun once every 557 years, reaching a distance of almost 10 billion miles from the sun at its farthest point. Eris is slightly larger than Pluto and was discovered in 2003, making it the most recently discovered dwarf planet.
1) Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago from a great cloud of dust and gas that collapsed to form the solar system.
2) All planets orbit in the same direction and plane, evidence they formed from the same disk surrounding the young sun.
3) The nebular hypothesis proposes the solar system formed as a giant cloud of dust and gas collapsed, with denser matter clumping together to form planets and planetesimals.
The document provides information about outer solar system objects including Trans-Neptunian objects, Centaurs, Kuiper Belt objects, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. It discusses their classification, composition, formation processes, and what they reveal about the early solar system. Images show various outer solar system bodies like Pluto, Eris, asteroids, and comets, helping to illustrate their characteristics and relative sizes.
Pluto orbits beyond the orbit of neptuneJoyce Nael
Pluto orbits beyond Neptune and is classified as a dwarf planet. It is much smaller than Earth's moon. Pluto has a diameter of 2,274 km and its orbit averages 39.5 AU from the sun. Pluto was discovered in 1930 and named after the Roman god of the underworld. It has a large moon called Charon about half its size. The discovery of additional Kuiper belt objects and debate over its classification led to Pluto being reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
The Oort Cloud is a theorized spherical cloud of predominantly icy planetesimals believed to surround the Sun to as far as halfway to the nearest star. It is thought to be the source of long-period comets. The Kuiper Belt is a disc-shaped region beyond Neptune's orbit populated by numerous icy bodies and extending from 30 to 50 AU from the Sun, including short-period comets and objects like Pluto. New Horizons is an unmanned spacecraft on a mission to conduct the first flyby and study of Pluto and to fly by and study one or more other Kuiper Belt objects after performing a flyby of Jupiter in 2007.
The document summarizes information about the planets in our solar system. It describes the four inner, terrestrial planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - and their small, rocky compositions. It then discusses the four outer, gas giant planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - noting their large sizes and gaseous compositions. It also mentions other bodies like asteroids, Pluto, and the Kuiper Belt.
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the collapse of a giant molecular cloud. It consists of the Sun and objects bound to it by gravity, including eight planets whose orbits are nearly circular, as well as dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other small bodies. The four inner terrestrial planets are composed mainly of rock, while the four outer gas giants are much more massive and composed largely of hydrogen and helium. Exploration of the Solar System has increased understanding of its formation and components.
Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun, mostly located in a belt between Mars and Jupiter. Their irregular shapes indicate they have not undergone geological processes like planets. Some large asteroids even have their own moons. Most meteorites originate from asteroids. Comets are icy objects that originate much further from the Sun in the Kuiper belt and Oort cloud. When heated as they approach the Sun, comets grow dust and plasma tails. Pluto and other large Kuiper belt objects are classified as dwarf planets rather than planets due to their small size and icy composition. Evidence suggests a large asteroid or comet impact was responsible for the mass extinction that killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
This document discusses the classification of objects in our solar system. It begins by describing memorization of facts without understanding. It then outlines the major classes of objects in our solar system including the rocky planets, asteroid belt, gas giants, Kuiper belt and Oort cloud. The document discusses how Pluto was reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet based on its similarities to Kuiper belt objects. It also mentions the possibility of planets existing around other stars.
Pluto is a small, cold dwarf planet located in the Kuiper Belt at the edge of our solar system. It has an elliptical orbit that sometimes takes it closer to the Sun than Neptune. Pluto is made up of rocks and frozen gases like methane and ammonia and has a very thin atmosphere. It has three moons, with Charon being the largest at about half the size of Pluto. Due to its small size and great distance from Earth, Pluto cannot be seen with the naked eye and requires a large telescope to view it as a tiny point of light.
The document discusses the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. It describes how the Kuiper Belt was first proposed by Gerard Kuiper and contains icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit. The Kuiper Belt extends from 30 to 50 AU from the sun and contains dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris. The Oort Cloud was proposed by Jan Oort and is believed to be the origin of long-period comets, existing around 50,000 AU from the sun. Both regions are thought to contain icy bodies and provide sources for comets entering the inner solar system.
Project about Pluto for Planetary Geology 2010
I updated some information and pictures on this powerpoint on 10/16/12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q
Our Solar System consists of the Sun and everything that orbits it, including 8 planets, 5 dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other small bodies. The inner planets are terrestrial and rocky, while the outer planets are gas giants. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 because it did not clear other objects from its orbit.
The document provides information about Pluto and other minor bodies in our solar system. It discusses Pluto's demotion to dwarf planet status in 2006, its physical characteristics such as size and orbit, and NASA's New Horizons mission to study Pluto up close. It also summarizes the discovery of asteroids in the region between Mars and Jupiter, including Ceres, and the Kuiper Belt of icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit that includes dwarf planets like Pluto.
The Solar System consists of the Sun and objects that orbit it, including 8 planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets. The inner Solar System contains terrestrial planets like Earth that are composed of rock and metals. The outer Solar System contains gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn that account for most of the mass. Objects follow elliptical orbits around the Sun, with closer objects moving faster according to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. The Solar System is believed to have formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant molecular cloud.
The document provides information about NASA's educational resources. It includes a list of NASA's regional educator resource centers across the United States that offer access to NASA educational materials for educators. The centers are associated with specific NASA field centers and provide contact information including addresses and phone numbers. It also provides background information on NASA's Central Operation of Resources for educators and the NASA portal website which serves as a gateway for educational information and resources.
This document summarizes key aspects of the solar system. It lists the nine planets and their moons. It shows the relative sizes of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. It also illustrates that the Earth is the perfect distance from the Sun to support life, as being closer would make it too hot and farther would make it too cold for liquid water and air.
Here are the key differences between asteroids, comets, and meteoroids:
- Asteroids: Asteroids orbit the Sun and are made of rock and metals. They are usually found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
- Comets: Comets are small icy bodies that orbit the Sun and have long tails made of dust and gas that form when they are heated by the Sun as they orbit. They come from farther out in the Solar System.
- Meteoroids: Meteoroids are much smaller than asteroids and comets, ranging from small grains to large boulders. They orbit the Sun like asteroids. When meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere, they glow from friction and are called
Pluto is a unique planet located in the outer solar system. It was discovered in 1930 by American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh, making it the only planet discovered by an American. While Pluto has been known to exist for over 80 years, it remains difficult to study due to its great distance from Earth. Scientists have determined some properties of Pluto through observation, but its small size and distance have prevented close examination by spacecraft. Pluto continues to present mysteries for scientists to uncover.
The document contains facts about various astronomical objects including:
- The Sun has a mass of 1980100 and a surface temperature of 5800K.
- Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has surface temperatures ranging from 800°F during the day to -300°F at night.
- Comets are small icy bodies that originate outside Neptune that melt and form tails as they get closer to the Sun.
- Asteroids are rocky objects that orbit the Sun and range in size from hundreds of feet to hundreds of kilometers. Most asteroids orbit in the inner Solar System.
The document discusses what is needed for a planet to be habitable and explores the possibility of life existing beyond the habitable zone. It notes that habitable planets require being a certain distance from their star, having a size that is not too big or small, and an atmosphere to regulate temperature. While most focus is on planets in the habitable zone, Europa's subsurface ocean heated by internal sources suggests life could exist beyond the zone through chemosynthesis. The document also outlines methods like the Kepler and Darwin space telescopes that search for potentially habitable exoplanets around other stars based on their effects on starlight.
The document provides an overview of the components of the solar system, including the sun, eight planets, asteroids, comets, and satellites. It discusses the key features of terrestrial and Jovian planets, and provides brief introductions to each of the planets as well as other celestial bodies like asteroids, meteors, comets, and satellites. The document aims to teach students about the structure and composition of objects in the solar system.
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The document summarizes key information about bodies in our solar system, including the eight major planets and three dwarf planets. It discusses the differences between inner and outer planets, as well as characteristics of each major planet like composition, rotation, and natural satellites. The three dwarf planets - Pluto, Ceres, and Eris - are also introduced along with basic facts about their orbits and moons. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of the planets, dwarf planets, and other objects that make up our solar system.
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The document provides information about the planets and dwarf planets in our solar system. It describes the 8 major planets and 5 dwarf planets, and discusses their key characteristics such as composition, atmosphere, rotation, and moons. Examples include Mercury having no atmosphere and many impact craters, Venus rotating backwards and having extreme temperatures, and Pluto being the first and largest dwarf planet discovered.
Astronomy - State of the Art is a course covering the hottest topics in astronomy. In this section, the Solar System is explored, including place where biology might exist.
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The document provides information about the solar system and the universe. It discusses the sun as the largest object in the solar system that provides heat and energy. It then describes the eight planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - and provides details about their characteristics, including their distance from the sun and time to complete an orbit. It also mentions dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and meteorites. An exercise section tests comprehension of facts about the solar system.
1. he Great Galaxy in Andromeda - Credit & Copyright: John P. Gleason,
Celestial Images ASTRONOMY EDUCATION & OUTREACH
http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/astroed.html#TUTORIAL
University of California, San Diego
Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences
http://casswww.ucsd.edu/archive/public/tutorial/scale.html
Space calendar
http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/calendar/
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/
album/solar_system/
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm
2. Chapter 5. The Solar System.
Main points:
1-Overview of solar system: 2- Origin of the solar
system.
a- Planets. a- Solar nebula theory.
b-Space debris. b- Extra-
solar planets
Sizes are to scale, but distances are not.
3. Chapter 5. The Solar System.
Main points:
If the sun were a large grapefruit (r~ 7 cm), the
Earth would be a pinhead 15 meters away.
Sizes are to scale, but distances are not.
4. Solar System Neptune
Ur
Three types of Asteroid an
u s
planets: Belt Sa
t ur
TERRESTRIAL Ju n
JOVIAN pit
Ma er
AND rs
Ea
DWARF . Ve rth
Me nu
rcu s
ry
5. Terrestrial Jovian Planets.
Planets.
Moon
Uranus
Jupiter
Neptune
Venus
Mars Saturn
Mercury Pluto
Earth
The Sun contains
about 99.8% of the mass of the Solar System
6. July 17, 2009: Forty
two years ago,
Apollo astronauts
set out on a daring
adventure to
explore the Moon.
They ended up
discovering their
own planet.
7. Some general characteristics of the planets.
Planets revolve around the sun, counterclockwise
as seen from the north pole, in the same direction
and almost in the same plane.
9. Mercury’s orbit is tipped 7o and Pluto’s 17.2o off
the plane of the ecliptic or plane of the solar system.
10. Inclination of planets to the plane of the ecliptic.
Terrestrial planets
Venus rotates backwards
11. Inclination of planets to the plane of the ecliptic.
Saturn
27 0 Jovian planets
Uranus rotates on its side.
•Sun’s axis is tipped 7o .
12. Of the following OBJECTS, the orbit of _______,
is the most inclined with respect to the plane of
the solar system.
a- Venus b- Earth c- Mars
d- Jupiter e- Pluto
14. Terrestrial planets and their moons.
Counting from left to right Venus is the ______ object.
a- first b- second c- third d- fourth
15. I am the planet _____
and the large scarf of
about _____ km and
_____ km deep,
along the equator is
called ________.
My average surface
temperature is only
_______degrees.
16. I am the planet
MARS and the large
scarf of about 4 000
km and 200 km
deep, along the
equator is called
Valles Marineris.
My average surface
Olympus V al temperature is only
M on les M
arin 210 K degrees.
eris
17. Scientist believed
that more than 4
billion years ago I
had running water
on my surface.
Olympus V al
M on les M
arin If that is the case
eris
what went wrong
with me and where
is the water?
19. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Earth has the Jupiter: 11 Earth’s radius.
largest radius Saturn: 9 “
r = 6 380 km. Uranus: 4 “
Radius
Neptune: 4 “
20. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Orbital Mercury 0.39 Jupiter: 5
radius in Venus 0.7 Saturn: 10
AU Earth 1
Mars 1.5 Uranus: 19
Neptune: 30
orbital Mer. 0.24 Jupiter 11.86
period Ven. 0.65 Saturn 29.542
(years)
Earth 1 Uranus 83.75
Mars 1.88 Neptune 163.7
P2 = a3
21. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
solid, rich in metals: Low % in metals and
Fe, Al, Mg, Ni and silicates.
silicates ( rocks).
Composition
Rich in gases , mostly
hydrogen and helium.
Low concentration of ices of water
low melting materials Lots of ammonia (NH ), and
3
such us ices, water methane (CH4).
and gasses
Low concentrations of metals
and silicates.
Similar in composition to the
sun. (Solar in composition)
22. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Hot molten core of
silicate and metals Core: hot molten core of silicate
(rocky core) and metals (rocky core)
Structure
Rocky mantle. Not defined
Thin crust Not defined
small atmosphere. large atmosphere.
23. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Density = High 3.9 to 5.4 Low 0.7 to 1.7 g/cm3
mass/volume g/cm3
Temperature From 273 to Cold atmospheres :
750 K less than 100 K
Surface with numerous No surface.
impact crates.
Jupiter is 316 times the mass of the Earth and Saturn’s is 96.
The rest of the planets together only have 33 Earth masses.
25. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Sidereal Mercury 58.64 days Jupiter 9.9 h
Period of Venus Saturn 10.7 h
rotation 243.18 days Uranus 17.2 h
Earth 23.93 h
Mars 24.62 h
Neptune 16.1 h
26. Slow rotation
Like the sun,
the Jovian
planets have Fast
differential rotation
rotation.
Slow rotation
27. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Atmosphere Small or absent. Large
Mercury lacks it.
Terrestrial Jovian
Ring No rings All have rings. The only
rings visible from Earth
are Saturn’s
28. Jupiter and Saturn have large internal pressure
that converts hydrogen gas to the liquid metallic
state, which is a good conductor of electricity.
No boundary between liquid and gas.
Jupiter
Saturn
Earth
Hot molten
core
Metallic
Liquid Hydrogen Atmosphere
Atmosphere
29. Comparing Terrestrial and Jovian planets
Terrestrial Jovian
Moons Few or no moons Many moons.
Mars has two small Some are larger than
and Earth one. our moon.
Mercury and Venus: Lots of smaller moons
no moons.
30. The Jovian Largest
planets have
many moons.
Some are
bigger than
our moon.
34. The Jovian planets
a- are similar in composition to the sun’s.
a- are similar in composition to the sun’s.
b- are giant planets and thus, they have large
densities.
c- rotate very slowly.
d- have cold cores, because they are far away from
the sun.
The presence or absence of atmosphere in
planets or asteroids is related to the escape
speed and surface temperature.
35. What is escape speed?
The initial speed an objects needs to
escape from the surface of a planet,
star, moon or asteroid is the……..
Vo= 5 km/s Vo= 8 km/s Vo= 11.2 km/s
mass Escape speed.
VEscape = G
radius
36. Celestial body Escape velocity
(km/s)
Moon 2.0
Mercury 4.0
Mars 5.0
Venus 10.0
Earth 11.2
Uranus 21.3
Neptune 23.5
Saturn 35.5
Jupiter 60
Sun 615
White Dwarfs 6 000 mass
Neutron Stars 210 000 VEscape = G
radius
37. If the atoms and molecules of a gas move
with an average speed similar to the escape
speed , that gas is not present in the planet’s
atmosphere.
Light molecules move faster than massive
molecules, SO light molecules like hydrogen escape
easily than the heavier ones, such as nitrogen or
carbon monoxide.
38. Moon’s escape speed: 2 km/s Mercury’s escape speed: 4 km/s
The Moon and Mercury practically do not have any
atmosphere, because their surfaces get too hot and
because they have low escape speed.
39. Recall: atoms and molecules move fast at high
temperature and slow at low temperature.
Therefore, a small planet (low escape speed) with
high surface temperature does not have an
atmosphere, but
a small planet with low surface temperature might
have an atmosphere.
40. Titan cold is cold
(100 K) and has
Mercury is hot and atmosphere
( 500 K) and
does not have
any atmosphere
Mercury and Titan have similar volumes.
41. The Jovian planets are Jupiter’s
cold and have a large escape speed:
escape speed therefore, 60 km/s ~ 5
they have large Earth’s
atmospheres.
42. The stars and most planets have Magnetic Fields.
South
Magnetic pole
re
phe
t os
gne
Ma
North Magnetic pole
43. The stars’ and planets’ magnetic field is due
to the Dynamo Effect.
Convection
Rotation + of a Magnetic
= field.
conducting
medium
M here
sp
ag
ne
to
-
The Earth, the Jovian planets, the sun and stars
have magnetic fields.
44. ct i on
ve
on .
C ne
The sun
zo rotates very
fast and has a
large
convection
zone, thus its
magnetic
field is
intense.
45. The Earth’s
magnetosphere is
the region where the
magnetic field is felt.
Magnetosphere
46. The “solar wind” consist of charged particles, protons and
electrons escaping the sun’s upper atmosphere.
Most of the particles in the solar wind are deflected by
The charged particles from the sun interacts
the Earth’s magnetosphere. A few particles spiral down
with the air molecules producing the aurorae
to the northern and southern latitudes forming the
borealis or australis.
“aurorae”
47. The charged particles in the solar wind interact
with the air molecules producing the aurorae
borealis or australis.
48. Dwarf planets.
In 2006 the International Astronomical Union
(IAU) created a new category of planets:
Dwarf planets.
Name Distance Period (Y) Location
from sun
(AU)
Ceres 4.6 4.6 Asteroid belt
Pluto 40 248 Kuiper belt
Haumea 43 285 Kuiper belt
Makemake 48 310 Kuiper belt
Eris 68 557 Kuiper belt
49. Three Dwarf Planet..
Ceres Pluto. Eris
2 247 Km 3 330 km
1000 km
In the In the Kuiper belt
Asteroid belt
50. Most of the dwarf planets are in the Kuiper belt, a
cold region, beyond the orbit of Neptune.
Pluto
Kuiper belt
Eris
51. definitions:
Icy Frozen water, gases and liquids such as:
body: NH3 ammonia, CH4 methane, CO2 .
Rocky A solid body rich in silicates,
body: SiO2 and metals: Fe, Ni, Al, and
Mg.
53. Asteroids.
Asteroids are the remains of the Mars
‘planetesimals” that built the planets ~
1.5 AU
4.6 billion years ago!
Where are the asteroids ?
1- Most in the asteroid belt,
Trojan
with orbits between 1.8
AU and 3.3 AU.
2- The Trojan
asteroids, share the orbit
Tr
with Jupiter. oj an
Jupiter 5.2 AU
54. The Apollo asteroids cross the Earth’s orbit.
Many
asteroids
are in
the
Kuiper
belt,
beyond
the orbit
of
Neptune
Jupiter 5.2 AU
55. The asteroids, in the Kuiper belt, are large chunks
of solid material, mainly icy, held by gravity.
56. There are basically Three types of Asteroids:
C-type: carbonaceous, dark
S-type: silicate (rocky)
M-type: metallic; iron and nickel
Low density ~ 1.3 g/cm3 and are not
made of solid hard rock.
58. Most asteroids, have
irregular shapes, rotate on
their axis and come in
different sizes from large,
to small (pebbles).
The self-gravity of the
asteroids is not enough to
pull them into a spherical
shape.
About 100 000 have
been identified so far.
Ida rotating on its axis (HST).
60. The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker landed on the
asteroid 433 Eros on February 2001.
61. These objects are
a- rocks from the moon b- dwarf planets
c- asteroids d- meteorites
62. Some asteroids
a- have been discovered orbiting Jupiter
b- are similar in composition to Jupiter
c- have running water on their surface
d- have diameters of 2 000 miles.
e- none of the above.
e- none of the above.
66. Nucleus of comet Hartley 2
taken by NASA's EPOXI mission
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm
67. Nucleus
Irregular fluffy (lots of voids) mixture of
ices and pulverized rock (tiny particles).
Ices: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia
methane and others.
Rock: mainly pulverized silicates.
nucleus of
comet Hale, as
Diameter of nucleus: from 10 to 50 km
seen by Giotto
and a density of (0.1 to 0.25) g/cm3.
spacecraft.
68. The tails are produced Tails
by vaporizing ices and
dust (rock) from the
nucleus.
Tail
st
Du ail
T
g as
n or
Io
Comet West (1975))
69. Ion or gas tail consists of ionized gases. The
CO+ ions scatters the blue light more efficiently
than any other color and thus it looks blue
Tail
g as
n or
Io
Comet West (1975)
70. The dust tail consist of tiny dusty particles. The
dust reflects all the visible light from the sun
and looks white.
Tail
st
Du
71. Tails point away from the
sun pushed by the solar
wind and solar radiation
pressure.
Tails are ~ 150 x106 km long.
72. Coma A Neat Comet. Kitt Peak
National Observatory
Tenuous cloud of (C/2001 Q4 z)
evaporated gas, (CO2, H
, water, ammonia, etc)
and dust with a
diameter of more than 100
000 km surrounding the
nucleus.
Surrounding the coma
is an invisible layer, or
hydrogen envelope; the
hydrogen may come Coma
from water molecules.
73. The comets have
long elliptical
orbits, because
they come from far
away.
Orbit of Comet Kohoutek, 1973-
1974.
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-
4208/p391.htm
74. Oort cloud
Long period
comets (more
than 200 years of
reappearance)
Sun
come from the
Oort cloud and
short period- less The Kuiper Belt.
than 200 years -
comets come
from the Kuiper
belt.
Ort Cloud
75. Dimensions of the
U
5x10 5 A
Oort cloud.
AU
Inner radius
10 4
10 000 AU. Sun
External Planetary
radius region
50 000 AU.
76. No direct
evidence of the
Oort cloud!
Comets from the Oort cloud, come in
any direction from the sky,
77. The Kuiper belt: region of icy planetesimals.
Pluto, Charon, Triton, Quaoar, Sedna, Eris, and
more.
78. Why do comets
leave their In the Oort cloud
homes? occasional passing
stars may perturb the
orbits.
In the Kuiper belt
collision between
them, or the
gravitational force
of Jupiter.
79. A solar system object, of rocky composition
and comparable in size to a small city is most
likely.
a- a meteor
c- an asteroid b- comet
c- an asteroid d- a planet
e- a meteoroid.
80. Short period comets and origin of meteors.
First Second Third Hundredth
Orbit Orbit Orbit. Orbit
. ……
The nuclei of comets are fragile and lose lots
of matter every time they come close to the
sun leaving behind a trail of tiny particles.
81. Some definitions
Meteoroid. Small solid
particle moving towards
earth’s atmosphere.
Meteor. Trail of light.
“Shooting star’.
Meteorite. A particle that
reaches earth’s surface.
Many have been found.
82. Meteor Meteors and the meteor
Showers. showers are produced when
the Earth enters the trail of
particles left behind by comets.
The meteors
captured by Earth
increase its mass
200 tons per day.
Meteors are related to
comets!
83. Meteor showers,
seem to come
from the same
place in space.
The Leonid
meteor shower,
(November 14-
19), seems to
come from the
Leonid
constellation.
84. 1997 Leonids
from Orbit
After midnight the speed
of the meteors and the The 1833 storm
rotation of the Earth's
speed adds up improving
the chance to see a meteor
85. Meteorites.
Particles that reach earth’s surface are the Meteorites.
Meteorites endure the high temperature caused by
air’s friction .
Meteorites appear to be fragments of asteroids and
even of terrestrial planets.
Iron-Ni, with ~ 7% Ni.
86. There are basically Three types of meteorites:
C-type: carbonaceous, dark
S-type: silicate (rocky)
M-type: metallic; iron and nickel
So: three types of asteroids. Fe
88. Which of the following is most likely related
to comets?
a- asteroids
b- meteorites
c- meteors
c- meteors
d- dwarf planets
e- a & d.
89. Age of Solar System .
- All objects in the
solar system were
formed around the
same time.
- The age of the
meteorites gives the
age of the solar
system. Radioactive
dating,
Go to. http://lectureonline.cl.msu.edu/~mmp/applist/decay/decay.htm
90. Radioactive sample
In ten hours
at t = 0 hours
Half life time - 10 hours. daughter
The age of rocks is found comparing the original
amount of radioactive (unstable) atoms and daughter
abundance.
91. Examples of half life.
Parent Daughter Half life
years
238
U 206
Pb 4.5 billion
40
K 40
Ca, 40Ar 1.3 billion
226
Rb 87
Sr 47 billion
Half-life is the time in which half of the
radioactive mass decays.
92. The meteorites and the rocks from the moon are
about 4.6 billion years old. This is the age of the
solar system.
Most of the oldest rocks found on Earth are only
about 3.9 to 4.1 years old.
The oldest rocks have been
destroyed because the Earth is
very active.
93.
94. Decay of In 3 billion
“Nonex” years how
many
particles of
Nonex have
decayed?
a. 150
b. 1050
c. 220
c. 1050
d. 1000
1200 - 150 = 1050
95. Summary:
Meteors: come from comets they are fragile and
easily burnt upon entering the atmosphere.
Meteorites: come from asteroids or planets. They are
hard and make it to Earth.
Comets have highly elliptical orbits.
Asteroids are solid with rocky composition (carbon,
silicates and metals).
Objects in the Kuiper belt are icy and very cold.
The age of the solar system, about 4.9 billion years,
is estimated from the age of the meteorites.