Asteroids are small rocky or icy planetary bodies left over from the formation of the solar system. Originally there were many more asteroids, but most have collided to form planets, been ejected into the outer solar system or beyond. The asteroids seen today are what remains of the original population in the inner solar system.
Download to see animations
70 slides:
- Solar System and Planetary Motion
- Major Planet Classifications and Orbit
- Planet Earth
- Terrestrial Planet
- Jovian Planets
- Dwarf Planets
- Origin of the Solar System
- Other Planetary Systems
___________________________________________________
This PPT is for Grade 11 students talking about our Solar System. This was in Chapter 8 in a Filipino school curriculum.
A project assigned to the students mentioned in the PPT.
ICSE Class VIII Physics The Universe - TopperLearningAlok Singh
The universe is defined as the vast surrounding space which includes everything that exists from the earth to the most distant parts of space that one can see.
Download to see animations
70 slides:
- Solar System and Planetary Motion
- Major Planet Classifications and Orbit
- Planet Earth
- Terrestrial Planet
- Jovian Planets
- Dwarf Planets
- Origin of the Solar System
- Other Planetary Systems
___________________________________________________
This PPT is for Grade 11 students talking about our Solar System. This was in Chapter 8 in a Filipino school curriculum.
A project assigned to the students mentioned in the PPT.
ICSE Class VIII Physics The Universe - TopperLearningAlok Singh
The universe is defined as the vast surrounding space which includes everything that exists from the earth to the most distant parts of space that one can see.
Malala Yousafzai and Kailash Satyarthi win Nobel Peace PrizeShaikh Islam
aliban attack survivor Malala Yousafzai became the youngest Nobel winner ever as she and Kailash Satyarthi of India won the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for working to protect children from slavery, extremism and child labor at great risk to their own lives.
By honoring a 17-year-old Muslim girl from Pakistan and a 60-year-old Hindu man from India, the Norwegian Nobel Committee linked the peace award to conflicts between world religions and neighboring nuclear powers as well as drawing attention to children's rights.
"This award is for all those children who are voiceless, whose voices need to be heard," said Malala, who chose to finish her school day in the central English city of Birmingham before addressing the media. "They have the right to receive quality education. They have the right not to suffer from child labor, not to suffer from child trafficking. They have the right to live a happy life."
She said it was an honor to share the prize Satyarthi, who has worked tirelessly to protect children, and invited the prime ministers of both India and Pakistan to attend the Nobel ceremony in December.
Satyarthi has been at the forefront of a global movement to end child slavery and exploitative child labor, which he called a "blot on humanity."
"Child slavery is a crime against humanity. Humanity itself is at stake here. A lot of work still remains, but I will see the end of child labor in my lifetime," Satyarthi told The Associated Press at his office in New Delhi.
News of the award set off celebrations on the streets of Mingora, Malala's hometown in Pakistan's volatile Swat Valley, with residents greeting each other and distributing sweets. At the town's Khushal Public School, which is owned by Malala's father, students danced in celebration Friday, jumping up and down.
When she was a student there, Malala was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman two years ago for insisting that girls as well as boys have the right to an education. Surviving several operations with the help of British medical care, she continued both her activism and her studies.
Malala was in chemistry class when the Nobel was announced and remained with her classmates at the Edgbaston High School for girls.
Her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai, said the decision will further the rights of girls.
"(The Nobel will) boost the courage of Malala and enhance her capability to work for the cause of girls' education," he told the AP.
Malala is by far the youngest Nobel laureate, eight years younger than the 1915 physics prize winner, 25-year-old Lawrence Bragg. Before Malala, the youngest peace prize winner was 2011 co-winner Tawakkul Karman of Yemen, a 32-year-old women's rights activist.
In Washington, President Barack Obama called the Nobel announcement "a victory for all who strive to uphold the dignity of every human being."
"Malala and Kailash have faced down threats and intimidation, risking their own lives to save others and build a better world
Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin: apis "bee") is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produces (including beeswax, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard".
Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. Simple hives and smoke were used and honey was stored in jars, some of which were found in the tombs of pharaohs such as Tutankhamun. It wasn't until the 18th century that European understanding of the colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the entire colony.
Vivekananda (Bengali: [বিবেকানন্দ] ( listen), Bibekānondo; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), also known as Swami Vivekananda, born Narendra Nath Datta (Bengali: [nɔrend̪ro nat̪ʰ d̪ɔt̪t̪o]), was an Indian Hindu monk and chief disciple of the 19th-century saint Ramakrishna. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world[2] and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century.[3] He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in India, and contributed to the concept of nationalism in colonial India.[4] Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission.[2] He is perhaps best known for his inspiring speech which began, "Sisters and brothers of America ...,"[5] in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Born into an aristocratic Bengali family of Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his guru, Ramakrishna, from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self; therefore, service to God could be rendered by service to mankind. After Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired first-hand knowledge of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later travelled to the United States, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the World Religions. Vivekananda conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint and his birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day in India.
A comprehensive study of Geography for PCS examination
This module is very helpful for the Students who are preparing for the Competitive Examination Like UPSC, BPSC & other State Public Service Commission.
In addition to being the birthplace of humanity and the cradle of human civilization, Earth is the only known planet in our Solar System that is capable of sustaining life. As a terrestrial planet, Earth is located within the Inner Solar System between between Venus and Mars (which are also terrestrial planets). This place Earth in a prime location with regards to our Sun’s Habitable Zone.
Earth has a number of nicknames, including the Blue Planet, Gaia, Terra, and “the world” – which reflects its centrality to the creation stories of every single human culture that has ever existed. But the most remarkable thing about our planet is its diversity. Not only are there an endless array of plants, animals, avians, insects and mammals, but they exist in every terrestrial environment.
This power point is about space and solar system. In this slide you will know about stars and planets and many more things in space. like famous asteroids ,meteors and blackholes.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
4. What are asteroids ?
Comets and asteroids are small planets, ranging in size
from baseball-sized meteors to 1/3 the size of the moon.
They are the rocky and icy bodies left over from the
formation of the solar system. Originally, the population
was much larger. With time, however, most of these bodies
have either collided together to form the major planets,
were ejected from the inner solar system into the Oort
cloud, or were ejected out of the solar system altogether.
The comets and asteroids we see today are the residual
population.
5.
6.
7. The Night Sky
These occurs in form of huge branch or
cluster .such a group of stars is called a
galaxy.
The sun, the earth and other planet and
all the stars we see in the sky belong to
the galaxy called milk way . It is also
called akash ganga
8. Star constellation
Star
Heavenly bodies that
gives out light regularly
.we can see at night .
Constellation
The constellation are
group of star
forming some
recognizable shape
10. Difference between galaxy and
constellation
Galaxy Constellation
It is a collection of billions of
stars.
It is a collection of only a few
stars.
Resembling human beings or
animals.
Stars in the constellation are
arranged in patterns
resembling human beings or
some animals.
There are billions of galaxies in
the Universe.
There are only about 88
constellations.
There are not many galaxies,
which are visible to the naked
eyes.
There are many constellations,
which can be observed with
the help of naked eyes.
11. Ursa Major Constellation (or Great
Bear Constellation).
The Indian name for the Ursa Major Constellation isSaptsrishi.
This constellation consists of seven bright stars and is visible during the
summer season in the northern part of the sky.
The arrangement of stars in this constellation.
12.
13. Ursa Minor Constellation or
Little Bear Constellation
The Ursa Minor Constellation also contains seven stars.
The arrangement of stars in this constellation is similar
to that in the Ursa Major, the only difference being the
stars in the Ursa Minor Constellation are closer
together.
The stars in the Ursa Minor are less bright than those
of the Ursa Major Constellation.
14. ORION CONSTELLATION (OR HUNTER
CONSTELLATION).
The Indian name for Orion Constellation is ‘Vyadha’ or
‘Mirga’.
The arrangement of stars in this constellation resembles a
hunter.
The seven major stars of this constellation supposed to be
forming the body of the hunter are arranged.
The three stars are the belt of the hunter. Some other stars
which from the head and limbs of the hunter have not been
shown in the figure.
This constellation is visible during the winter season in the
north eastern part of the sky.
15. Scorpio Constellation
This constellation is usually visible in the summer
season. The arrangement of stars in this constellation
closely resembles a scorpion with tail and pincers as
illustrated. The Indian name for the Scorpio
Constellation is ‘Vrishchika’.
Some important constellation are
Cancer,chitra,Leo,Pisces,Ashwani etc.
17. Phases of moon
New Moon - The Moon's unilluminated
side is facing the Earth. The Moon is not
visible (except during a solar eclipse).
18. Waning Gibbous - The Moon appears to be
more than one-half but not fully illuminated
by direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's
disk that is illuminated is decreasing.
Last Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears
to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The
fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated
is decreasing.
Waning Crescent - The Moon appears to be
partly but less than one-half illuminated by
direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's
disk that is illuminated is decreasing
New Moon - The Moon's unilluminated side is
facing the Earth. The Moon is not visible
(except during a solar eclipse).
Waxing Crescent - The Moon appears to be
partly but less than one-half illuminated by
direct sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's
disk that is illuminated is increasing.
Full Moon - The Moon's illuminated side
is facing the Earth. The Moon appears to
be completely illuminated by direct
sunlight.
Waxing Gibbous - The Moon appears to be more
than one-half but not fully illuminated by direct
sunlight. The fraction of the Moon's disk that is
illuminated is increasing.
First Quarter - One-half of the Moon appears
to be illuminated by direct sunlight. The
fraction of the Moon's disk that is illuminated
is increasing
19.
20. Mercury
1.Mercury is the eighth largest planet (or second smallest) in the Solar System.
2. The orbital speed of Mercury is 47.8 km/sec
3. Mercury has no atmosphere and no known satellites, perhaps because of its
proximity to the Sun.
4. The diameter of Planet Mercury is 4,878 km
5. The only visit to Mercury was a flyby made by the Mariner 10spacecraft in
1974.
6. Mercury, often identified with the Greek god, Hermes, is the messenger of the
gods in Roman mythology.
7. Mercury orbits the sun once every 87.97 Earth Days
8. A day, from sunrise to sunrise, on Mercury is equivalent to 176 Earth Days
9. Mercury’s maximum distance from the Sun = 70 million km (43.5 million
miles)
10. Mercury’s minimum distance from Earth = 77 million km (48 million miles)
11. Mercury is known as a terrestrial planet consisting of about 70% metallic and
30% silicate material.
12. Galileo first observed Mercury during the 17th century.
13. If you weigh 100 lbs., your weight on Mercury would be 38 lbs. (Multiply
your actual weight by 0.38)
21. Mean distance from Sun: 0.3871 AU (57,910,000 km/35,980,000
mi)
Length of Year: 88 days
Rotation period: 58.65 days
Mean orbital velocity: 48 km/s (30 mi/s)
Inclination of axis: 2°
Average temperature: 800° F (427° C) day
-300° F (-183° C) night
Diameter: 4,878 km (3,031 mi)
Number of observed satellites: 0
Comparisons with Earth:
Diameter: 0.38 x Earth's
Mean Distance from Sun: 0.387 x Earth's
Earth's Mass: 0.055 x Earth's
Density: slightly less than Earth's
22. Venus
1. The diameter of Venus is 12,100 km (7,522 miles)
2. The interior of Venus is composed of a central iron core and a molten rocky mantle, similar to
the composition of Earth.
3. The surface of Venus is very dry with flat plains, highland regions, and depressions.
4. Venus is the sixth largest planet in the Solar System
5. Venus is the second closest planet to the Sun.
6. Planet Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty.
7. The atmosphere of Venus is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (96%) and nitrogen (3%),
with traces of other gases and little to no water vapor.
8. Similar in size, density, and mass, Venus and Earth often referred to as sister planets.
9. The orbital speed of Venus is 35 km per second.
10. Maximum distance of Venus from the Sun is 109 million km (68 million miles)
11. Minimum distance of Venus from the Earth is 40 million km (25 million miles)
12. Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar System.
13. Venus is one of the brightest objects in the sky, next to the Sun and Moon.
14. It takes 243 days for Venus to rotate on its axis.
15. The surface of Venus may have been formed by a lot of volcanic activity. It is said to have 167
volcanoes that measure up to 100 km across.
16. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Venus would be 88 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by
0.88)
23. Mean distance from the Sun: 0.7233 AU (108,200,000 km/67,230,000 mi)
Length of year: 225 days
Rotation period: 243 days (retrograde)
Mean orbital velocity: 35 km/sec (21.8 mi/sec)
Inclination of axis: 177.3°
Diameter: 12,102 km (7520 mi)
Number of observed satellites: 0
Comparisons with Earth:
Mean distance from Sun: 0.723 x Earth's
Diameter: 0.95 x Earth's
Mass: 0.81 x Earth's
Density: 0.9 x Earth's
24. Earth
1. The Earth is around 4.6 billion years old.
2. The Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System.
3. The Earth’s atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (.93%),
and carbon dioxide (0.03%).
4. Earth’s atmosphere divided in 5 sections from the surface: Troposphere (0-13 km), Ozone
Layer (13-25 km), Stratosphere (25-50 km), Mesosphere (50-75 km), and Thermosphere (75-
150 km)
5. Earth is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System.
6. The Diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km (7,926 miles)
7. The earth’s orbital speed is 29.8 km per second.
8. Earth has only one satellite, the Moon. The Moon is the second brightest object in the sky
from Earth.
9. Earth has an average surface temperature of 13 degrees C (55.4 degrees F).
10. The greenhouse effect raises Earth’s temperature 35 degrees C (95 degrees F).
11. Earth’s distance from the Sun – Min. 146 million km (91million miles) Max. 152 million km
(94.5 million miles).
12. Earth is composed of: iron (32%), oxygen (30%), silicon (15%), magnesium (14%), sulfur
(3%), nickel (2%), calcium (1.5%), aluminum (1/4%) and the remainder made up of other
elements.
13. Earths main tectonic plates: African plate, Antarctic plate, Indo-Australian Plate, Eurasian
Plate, North American Plate, South American Plate, and the Pacific Plate.
14. Earth has several layers with unique chemical and seismic properties: Crust (0-40 km),
upper mantle (40-400 km), transition region (400-650 km), lower mantle (650-2700 km), D
layer (2700-2890 km), outer core (2890-5150 km), and the inner core (5150-6378 km) from the
surface.
25. Mean distance from the Sun: 1 AU (149,600,000 km/ 92,960,000 mi)
Length of year: 365.26 days
Rotation period: 23.93 hours
Mean orbital velocity: 29.79 km/sec (18.6 mi/sec)
Inclination of axis: 23.45°
Average temperature: 59° F (15° C)
Diameter: (equatorial) 12,756 km (7,926 mi)
Number of observed satellites: 1
26. Mars
1. Known as the Red Planet, Mars is characterized by its red, dusty landscape.
2. The atmosphere on Mars is very thin, composed mainly of carbon dioxide (95%), nitrogen (2.7%),
and argon (1.6%), with traces of oxygen and water.
3. The orbital speed of Mars is 24.2 km per second.
4. Temperatures on Mars vary from a maximum of 0 degrees C (32 degrees F) to minimum -100
degrees C (-148 degrees F).
5. The diameter of the planet Mars is 6,785 km
6. A Mars year is equal to 686.98 Earth Days
7. A day in Mars is equal to 24.6 Earth Hours
8. Mars maximum distance from the Sun = 249 million km (155 million miles)
9. Mars is 35 million miles from Earth
10. Mars is the god of war in Roman mythology (Ares).
11. Mars has two small satellites named Phobos and Deimos.
12. Asaph Hall discovered both of Mars’ moons, Phobos and Deimos, in August 1877.
13. Mariner 4 – first successful flyby mission to Mars. Launched on November 28, 1964 and arrived
at Mars on July 14, 1965.
14. Mariner 9 – first successful orbit of Mars. Launched May 30, 1971 and began orbit November 13,
1971.
15. Viking 1 – Successful orbit and landing on surface of Mars. Launched August 20, 1975 and
arrived at Mars July 20, 1976.
16. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Mars would be 38 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by 0.38)
27. Mean distance from
Sun:
1.524 AU
(228,000,000
km/141,700,000 mi)
Diameter: 6,792 km (4,220 mi)
Length of year: 687 days
Rotation period: 24 hr 37 min
24.14 km/sec (15
Mean orbital velocity:
mi/sec)
Inclination of axis: 25.2°
Mean density: 3.95 grams/cm³
Inclination to ecliptic: 1.85°
Number of observed
satellites:
2
28. Saturn
1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest.
2. Saturn was the god of agriculture in Roman mythology. Saturn is also the father of Jupiter, the king
of the Roman gods.
3. Saturn is flattened at the poles, due to a fast rotation on its axis.
4. Saturn has 62 known moons, fifty-three have been named. Most of them are small in size.
5. Names of some of Saturn’s moons: the largest is Titan, discovered in 1655; Tethys, Dionne, Rhea, &
Impetus, discovered from 1671 to 1672; Mimas & Enceladus, discovered in 1789; and Hyperion,
discovered in 1848.
6. A year on Saturn is equal to 29.5 Earth Years
7. Saturn is the only planet in our solar system that is less dense that water.
8. A day on Saturn is equal to 10 hours and 14 minutes in Earth days.
9. Diameter of Saturn is 119,871 km (74,500 miles)
10. Saturn’s maximum distance from the Sun is 1.5 billion km (938 million miles)
11. Saturn’s minimum distance from Earth is 1.2 billion km (746 million miles)
12. Saturn has fourteen subdivisions of its rings, the widest is at 25,500 km, the B ring.
13. Saturn’s rings are made primarily of “water ice” mixed with dust and other chemicals.
14. Saturn’s fame has been observed going back to ancient times, the Babylonians, Romans, Greek,
Hindus, and many more ancient civilizations have taken great interest in studying this ringed planet.
15. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Saturn would be 108 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by 1.08)
16. The temperature on Saturn by the clouds is at -274° F.
29. Mean Distance from the Sun:
9.539 AU
1, 427,000,000 km /886,700,000 mi
Length of Year: 29.46 Earth years
Rotation Period: 10.66 hours
Mean Orbital Velocity: 9.64 km/s (6 mi/s)
Inclination of Axis: 26.73 degrees
Diameter: 120,536 km (74,901 mi)
Number of Observed Satellites: >25
Comparisons With Earth:
Diameter: 9.4 X Earth's
Average Distance from the Sun: 9.5 X Earth's
Mass: 95 X Earth's
Density: 0.13 X Earth's
30. 1. Jupiter’s equatorial diameter is 142,984 km
2. Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, is 318 times larger than Earth.
3. The orbital speed of Jupiter is 13.1 km/sec
4. A year on Jupiter is equal to 11.9 Earth Years
5. A day on Jupiter is equal to 9.8 Earth Hours
6. Jupiter, sometimes called Jove, was the King of the gods in Roman mythology and the son of
Saturn.
7. Jupiter’s maximum distance from the Sun = 817 million km (508 million miles)
8. Jupiter’s minimum distance from Earth = 588 million km (365 million miles)
9. Pioneer 10 first spacecraft sent to explore Jupiter in December 1973. Pioneer 10 only did a flyby.
10. Jupiter has sixty three moons or satellites, eight are regular and 55 irregular.
11. Jupiter’s four largest moons are named: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.
12. Voyager 1 provided some of the earliest clear and up close photographs of Jupiter in January of
1979.
13. Jupiter has rings, the third planet discovered to have a ring system in our Solar System.
14. Jupiter’s rings are identified as: Halo ring, Main ring, Amalthea gossamer ring, and Thebe
gossamer ring.
15. Jupiter’s rings were discovered by Voyager 1 in 1979.
16. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Jupiter would be 234 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by
2.34)
Jupiter
31. Mean distance from the Sun: 5.203 AU
(778,400,000 km/483,700,000 mi)
Length of Year: 11.86 years
Rotation Period: 9.92 hours
Mean Orbital Velocity: 13.06 km/s (8.1 mi/s)
Inclination of Axis: 3.12°
Diameter: 142,980 km/88,846 mi
Number of observed satellites: >60
32. Uranus
1. Uranus is named after the Greek god of the sky. Uranus was the husband of Gaia, the goddess of
the Earth.
2. The orbital speed of Uranus is 6.6 km/sec
3. A year on Uranus is equal to 84.01 Earth Years
4. Uranus is the third largest planet in the Solar System.
5. The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane. The methane in the
atmosphere absorbs red light, giving the planet a blue-green color.
6. Uranus is considered unusual because the planet is tipped on its side. The poles actually point
towards the Sun. This is due to the fact that its magnetic field is tilted 60 degrees from the axis of
rotation.
7. Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft to have visited Uranus.
8. Like Venus, Uranus spins from east to west, which is opposite from the spin of Earth.
9. A day on Uranus is equal to a little more than 17 hours on Earth.
10. Uranus maximum distance from the Sun is 3 billion km (1.88) billion miles
11. Uranus minimum distance from the Earth is 2.6 billion km (1.6 billion miles)
12. Diameter of Uranus is 51,488 km (32,000 miles)
13. The 27 moons of Uranus are named after characters created by William Shakespeare and
Alexander Pope.
14. William Herschel identified Titania and Oberon in 1787, these are the first two moons of
Uranus that were discovered.
15. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Uranus would be 89 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by
0.89)
33. Mean distance from Sun: 19.19 AU (2.871 billion km/1.784 billion
mi)
Length of year: 84.01 Earth years
Rotation period: 17.24 hours
Mean orbital velocity: 6.81 km/s (4.2 m/s)
Inclination of axis: 97.92°
Diameter: 51,118 km (31,765 mi)
Number of Observed Satellites: >20
Diameter: 4.0 x Earth's
Mean Distance from Sun: 19.2 x Earth's
Mass: 14.5 x Earth's
Density: 0.22 x Earth's
34. Neptune
1. Neptune is the fourth largest planet in the Solar System.
2. Neptune is a gaseous planet, composed of hydrogen, helium, methane, with traces of ammonia and
water.
3. Neptune was discovered by Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams, and Johann Galle on September
23, 1846.
4. The only spacecraft ever to visit Neptune was Voyager 2 in 1989.
5. In Roman mythology, Neptune is the god of the sea.
6. Neptune has strong winds which is more than any other planet in the Solar System. Winds on
Neptune can get up to 2,000 km/hour (1,200 miles/hour). “The Scooter” is a cloud that moves around
Neptune about every 16 hours.
7. The blue color of the planet is due to the absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere.
8. The orbital speed of Neptune is 5.4 km/second.
9. The diameter of Neptune is 49,493 km
10. One Neptune day is equal to 16 hours in Earth time.
11. One Neptune year is equal to 164.83 Earth Years
12. Neptune’s maximum distance from the Sun – 4.5 billion km (2.8 billion miles)
13. Neptune’s minimum distance from Earth – 4.3 billion km (2.7 billion miles)
14. Neptune has 13 moons, the largest of which is named Triton. The other moons are: Naiad, Thalassa,
Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Nereid, Halimede, Sao, Laomedeia, Neso, and Psamathe.
15. Neptune has five main rings, they are named after the people who had been doing work on the
planet; the rings are: Halle, Le Verrier, Lassell, Arago, and Adams.
16. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Neptune would be 113 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by
1.18)
35. Mean Distance from the Sun: 30.06 AU (4.497 billion km/2.794 billion
mi)
Length of year: 165 years
Rotation period: 16.11 hours
Mean orbital velocity: 5.43 km/s (3.3 mi/s)
Diameter: 49,528 km/30,775 mi
Inclination of axis: 29.6°
Number of observed satellites: 8
Comparisons with Earth:
Diameter: 3.883 x Earth's
Average distance from Sun: 30.06 x Earth's
Mass: 17.14 x Earth's
Density: 0.31 x Earth's
36. Pluto
1. Pluto is the smallest planet in the Solar System, smaller than Earth’s Moon, and half the width of Jupiter’s moon,
Ganymede.
2. Pluto’s journey around the Sun takes 248 Earth years. This means that, since its discovery in 1930, it still has 177
years to go until it has made a complete orbit around the Sun.
3. Pluto’s atmosphere is composed of a thin layer of gas containing carbon monoxide, methane, and nitrogen. Its
atmospheric pressure has been estimated to be 1/700,000 compared with that of earth.
4. Pluto was the only planet to have been discovered in the Twentieth Century.
5. Pluto is the only planet in the Solar System that has not yet been visited by a space probe.
6. Pluto orbits the Sun on a different plane than the other 8 planets, going over them and below them.
7. Pluto has four identified moons, Charon, the largest is not much bigger than Pluto itself. (Pluto is 2,280
kilometers wide, Charon is 1,212 kilometers wide). The other 3 are Nix, Hydra, and newly discovered S/2011 P 1
on July of 2011.
8. A day on Pluto is equivalent to Earth’s 6 days and 9 hours, meaning that it has the second slowest rotation in the
Solar System (after Venus, which takes 243 days to turn on its axis).
9. Pluto’s orbit is elliptical, meaning that it can come closer to the Sun than Neptune, but then go almost two billion
kilometers further away from Neptune’s orbit.
10. Pluto is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. When viewed through a telescope, it looks like a star.
11. Pluto is cold: -233° C (-390° F), just 40° C (72° F) above absolute zero. At this temperature, all elements would be
frozen except for neon, hydrogen, and helium.
12. Pluto maximum distance from the Sun – 7.38 billion km (4.6 billion miles)
13. Pluto’s minimum distance from Earth – 4.28 billion km (2.7 billion miles)
14. In 2006, Pluto was declassified as a planet by the IAU (International Astronomical Union) and has classified
Pluto as a dwarf planet.
15. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Pluto would be 7 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by .05)
37.
38. Artificial starlight are used for long
distance communication , research,
remote sensing and defense
40. Aryabhata was India's first satellite, named after the
great Indian astronomer of the same name. It was
launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975
from Kapustin Yar using a Cosmos-3M launch
vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) to gain experience in building
and operating a satellite in space.
41.
42. causes of Earthquakes
Earthquakes are caused when tension is released
from the rocks in the Earth's crust and upper mantle.
This tension is due to friction between what
scientists believe are large 'plates' floating on
magma on the Earth's surface. Sometimes
earthquakes happen when the rocks in the earth's
crust bend and break. This causes shock waves to
travel on the earth's surface, resulting in widespread
destruction.