SLRC PART 1- Philippine History final.pdf

Dr.
Jo
Mark
M.
Libre

Lecturer
Social
Sciences

St.
Louis
Review
Center

! Southeastern
Asia,

archipelago
between
the

Philippines
Sea
and
the
South

China
Sea,
east
of
Vietnam

! Geographic
Coordinates:
13

00
N,
122
00
E

! Capital
City:
Manila

! Climate

! Hot
and
Dry
–
March
to
May

! Rainy
–
June
to
October

! Cool
–
November
to
February

! Temperature
:
78A0F/25A0C
to

90A0F/32A0C
;
humidity
77%

! Languages

!
2
oﬃcial
language:

English
and
Filipino

!
8
major
dialects

-‐ Located
in

Southeastern
Asia

-‐ Archipelago
(large

group
of
islands)
made

up
of
7,107
islands

-‐ Part
of
a
Western

Paciﬁc
arc
system
that

is
characterized
by

active
volcanoes
.

Shape
•Elongated
•Archipelago
Area
115,830 square miles
Coastline
22,549 miles
Length
•1,851 km (1,150 mi) SSE-NNW ,
Width
•1,062 km (660 mi) ENE-WSW .

Surrounding Bodies of Water
North- Luzon Strait
East- Philippine
Sea
South- Celebes
Sea
West- South China
Sea

Terrain and Points
-mostly
mountainous
-all islands are
prone to
earthquakes
-Lowest Point-
Philippine Sea
-Highest Point-
Mount Apo (9,691
feet)

Natural Resources- Timber, Petroleum,
Cobalt
Oil is not a natural resource.
Population: 99,900,177 Estimate
Capital- Manila
72nd largest country in the world
Officially called the Republic of
Philippines
Slightly larger than Arizona

! In
western
Palawan
–
Dr.
Robert
Fox

discovered
in
1962,
a
fossilized
skullcap,

22,000
years
old.

! Tabon
bird

! Skullcap
was
that
of
a
woman

! Unhealed
hole
in
the
skull

! Philippines
was
believed
to
be
part
of
the

mainland
Asia

! People
traveled
on
foot

! Walking
is
the
earliest
mode
of

transportation

! Negritos
–
traveled
on
foot
–
forebears
of
the

various
tribes
today
known
as
Baluga,
Ayta,

Agta,
Mamanuwa,
Batak,
Ati
and
Ata.
They

brought
with
them
the
Paleolithic
Age.

! Indonesians
–
ﬁrst
to
arrive
by
sea,
after

thousands
of
years,
brought
with
them
the

Neolithic
Age.

! Malays
–
followed
with
more
advanced

culture,
introducing
the
Iron
Age.

! Brought
multi-‐cultural
inﬂuences.

Trading
vessels

plying
between
the
South
China
Sea
to
the
Persian

Gulf,
made
the
islands
a
convenient
stopping
place

for:

! Chinese

! Indians

! Arabs

! Japanese
and

! Siamese
merchants

! Pre
–
Spanish
Period

! Spanish
Period

! American
Regime

! Japanese
Occupation

! Post
War
Period

! First
Philippine
Republic

! March
16,
1521
–
Fernao
Megalhaes
Y
Souza,

(Ferdinand
Magellan),
a
Portuguese
working

under
Spain,
REDISCOVERED
the
Philippines

! Landed
in
the
uninhabited
island
of

Homonhon

! Proceeded
to
Limasawa,
met
with
the
ruler

Rajah
Kolambu

! Celebrated
the
ﬁrst
mass
(Fr.
Pedro
de

Valderrama)
on
March
31,
1521
and
planted
the

wooden
cross
atop
a
hill
–
Magellan’s
cross
in

Cebu.

! Met
with
Rajah
Humabon
and
on
April
14,
1521,

converted
the
ﬁrst
(
800)
Christian
Filipinos.

! All
chieftains
welcomed
Magellan
except
Lapu-‐
lapu
of
Mactan.

! Magellan
died
in
the
hands
of
Lapu-‐lapu’s
men
on

April
27,
1521.

! Several
expeditions
were
sent
by
Spain
–
Cabot,

Saavedra,
Loaisa,
Villalobos
and
Legaspi.

! Miguel
Lopez
de
Legaspi
–
(grandfather
of
Juan
de

Salcedo)
was
the
ﬁrst
Spanish
Governor
Gen.
of

the
Philippines
and
the
founder
of
the
city
of

Manila
on
June
24,
1571.

! Mock
battle
between
the
Spaniards
and
the

Americans.

! Treaty
of
Paris
–
Philippines
was
sold
by
Spain

to
the
Americans
at
20
million
dollars

! World
War
II

! Death
March

! Corregidor
–
where
we
had
our
last
ﬁght
with

the
Japanese,
was
bombed
for
27
days
and

nights

! Fall
Of
Bataan

! Liberation
–
(
1945-‐46)

! 50,000
B.C.
–
30,000
B.C.

! While
other
civilizations
were
evolving
in
the

Philippines,
a
combination
of
Afro-‐Asiatic
and

Austro-‐Aborigines
came
to
the
islands.

! Land
bridges
during
this
time
made
it
possible
to

reach
the
islands.

! Today,
they
are
known
as
Aetas
or
Negritos.

! 2,500
B.C.

! Proto-‐Malays
from
Indonesia
came
upon
the

islands
by
way
of
boats,
called
balangays.

! Duetero-‐Malays,
those
of
either
Indian,
Chinese,

Siamese,
or
Arabic
and
Asian
ethnicities,
came.

! The
wave
of
immigrants
brought
knowledge
of

agriculture,
building,
writing,
jewelry-‐making,
and

other
skills.

! 14th
Century

! Baybayin
is
a
syllabic
Philippine
writing
system.

! It
originated
from
Brahmic
(Indian)
scripts.

! The
characters
also
resemble
the
Kavi
script
of

Java
and
Indonesia

! 1380-‐present
day

! Indian,
Malay,
Javanese,
and
Arab
merchants
and

missionaries
spread
Islam
to
the
archipelago.

! An
Islamic
missionary,
Karim
ul’
Makhdum,
was

the
man
who
brought
Islam
to
the
Philippines.

! There
has
been
a
great
division
of
Muslims
and

Christians
in
the
Philippines.
Filipino
Muslims,

called
Moro,
currently
struggle
to
break
away

from
the
Philippines
with
its
own
government

! 1521-‐1898
A.D.

! In
1521,
explorer
Ferdinand
Magellan,
under

Spanish
service,
landed
on
the
archipelago.

! In
honor
of
King
Philip
II
of
Spain,
the
islands
were

renamed
the
Philippines.

! Spanish
rule
had
a
huge
impact
on
Filipino
culture.

As
the
Western
culture
of
the
Spanish
took
root,

Philippine
culture
began
obscured.

"Spanish influence on clothing shown
today.

!
September
24-‐
October
6,
1762

! The
Britain
and
Spain
were
warring
and
Britain

attacked
Spanish
colonized
countries
in
Asia.

! The
Battle
of
Manila
resulted
in
British
victory.

! Though
Britain
had
taken
the
Philippines
through

Manila,
it
failed
to
establish
control
over
the

whole
country.

! The
Philippines
was
soon
returned
to
Spain
in
the

Treaty
of
Paris.

! 1892

! Rebels
in
Manila
founded
the
Katipunan,
a

revolutionary
group.

! The
group
had
a
goal
to
win
independence
from

Spain.

! The
Katipunan
had
thousands
of
members
that

fought
Spanish
soldiers
and
led
to
the
beginning

of
the
Philippine
Revolution.

! 1896-‐1898

! The
Philippine
Revolution
began
with
nationalist

rebels,
the
Katipunan.

! Emilio
Aguinaldo,
guerilla
general,
led
many

revolts
on
Spanish
soldiers.

! Various
battles
took
place
between
the
rebels
and

the
Spanish,
but
the
Spanish
were
much
stronger

and
better
equipped.

! 1898-‐1901

! After
the
Spanish-‐American
war,
the
Philippines

thought
that
the
United
States
had
helped
in
the

ﬁght
for
independence.

! Instead,
the
Spanish
ceded
the
Philippines
to
the

U.S.

! Warfare
broke
out
between
Americans
and

Filipinos
wherein
thousands
of
lives
were
lost
until

Emilio
Aguinaldo
was
captured
in
1901.

! 1899-‐1901

! On
June
12,
1898,
Aguinaldo
declared

independence
for
the
First
Philippine
Republic.

! Aguinaldo
was
president
of
the
Philippines.

! The
First
Philippine
Republic
was
dissolved
when

U.S.
forces
caught
Aguinaldo
in
1901.

! 1898-‐1946

! The
U.S.
brought
improvements
in
health
and

education
to
the
Philippines
that
Spain
had
failed

to
provide.

! Economic
development
was
stunted
as
a
result
of

free
trade
that
the
U.S.
imposed.

! In
1934,
the
Tydings-‐McDuﬃe
Act
gave
the

country
independence
after
ten
years
of

supervision.

! August
29,
1916

! U.S.
citizens
soon
found
that
occupying
the

Philippines
came
to
be
expensive.

! In
1916,
the
Jones
Law
was
signed
which
was
a

step
in
slowly
giving
the
Philippines

independence.

! The
law
allowed
the
Philippines
to
have
a
Senate

and
a
House
of
Representatives
like
the
U.S.

legislature.

! 1942-‐1945

! World
War
II
presented
a
delay
in
the
ten
year

transition
period
to
independence
for
the
Philippines.

! The
last
Filipino-‐American
stronghold,
Corrigedor,

collapsed
in
1942—the
Japanese
then
had
control
of

the
Philippines.

! American
General
MacArthur
in
1944
and
war
raged

against
Japanese
occupation.
The
Japanese

surrendered
in
1945
and
the
Manila
was
left
the
2nd

most
ruined
city
of
WWII.

! July
4,
1946

! The
U.S.
had
decided
to
continue
with
plans
to
let

the
Philippines
have
independence.

! In
addition
to
heavy
ties
of
the
economy
to
the

U.S.,
the
Philippines
faced
massive
destruction

after
WWII.

! The
country
did
not
have
proper
leadership
in

government
and
corruption
soon
ran
through.

! 1946

! The
Philippine
Trade
Act,
or
the
Bell
Trade
Act
of

1946
set
rules
for
the
newly
independent
country.

! The
Philippine
peso
would
be
tied
to
the
U.S.

dollar.

! The
Philippine
Constitution
would
grant
the
U.S.

equal
access
to
the
country’s
natural
resources.

! The
act
called
for
free
trade
for
the
U.S.
and
that

the
U.S.
could
import
goods
free
of
import
duties.

! signing
the
Constitution
of
the
Philippines

! 3rd
largest
English
speaking
country
in
the
world

! Democratic
Government

*
Executive
Branch

-‐
Headed
by
Chief
of
Staﬀ
(President)
and

V.President

-‐
Cabinet

*
Legislative
Branch

-‐
Senate

-‐
House
of
Representatives

*
Judicial
Branch

-‐
Supreme
Court

! Pinoy
–Filipino
Male

! Pinay
–
Filipina
Female

! Touching
an
elder’s
hand
to
ones
forehead
is

a
sign
of
respect

! Known
for
being
compassionate
people
and

know
how
to
pay
debt.

! Bayanihan
or
spirit
of
Kinship

and
camaraderie

! MANILA

! Country’s
capital

!
Fast
growing
metropolis

! Showcase
diﬀerent
cultures

! CEBU

! Queen
City
of
the
South

! Site
of
new
and
exciting
business
ventures

between
local
and
foreign
capital

! DAVAO

! Industrial
hub
of
Mindanao

! Mt.
Apo
–
highest
peak
in
the
country
and
home

of
the
Philippine
Eagle

! BAGUIO

! Country’s
Summer
Capital

! 1500
meters
above
sea,
8
degrees
cooler
than

lowlands

! Jump-‐oﬀ
point
to
the
famous
Banawe
Rice

Terraces

! BORACAY

! Known
as
Island
paradise

! Powder
white
sand,
crystal
blue
waters

! Located
at
northern
tip
of
Panay
island,
3
hours

from
Manila

! PALAWAN

! Country’s
Last
Frontier

! Situated
between
Mindoro
Island
and
North

Borneo

! Home
to
over
80
minority
groups,
Calamian
deer,

Palawan
bearcat

! White
sand
beaches,
black
marble
caves,

breathtaking
dive
sites

! BOHOL

! Country’s
10th
largest
Island

! Pristine
white
beaches,
wonderful
dive
sites,

Chocolate
Hills
and
Tarsier

! Site
of
historic
Blood
compact
between
Sikatuna

and
Legazpi

! LAOAG/VIGAN

! Located
in
Ilocos
Norte
and
Ilocos
Sur

! Impressive
wide
highways
and
narrow
cobble

stoned
homes,
antiquated
towns,
Antillan

ancestral
homes

Assessment
Review
Drill

Time
Period:
1
Hour
Only

SLRC PART 1- Philippine History final.pdf

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