➢ Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the most common means of communication. ➢ Texts in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs are used to communicate thoughts, ideas, and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives. ➢ Text is a vital element of multimedia menus, navigation systems, and content. ➢ Multimedia developers must use words carefully and accurately.

1. CHAPTER – 3
Text
Amir Ibrahim
Nov-2021

2. ●
What is Text?
●
Factors affecting legibility of text
●
Fonts vs Typefaces
●
Using Text in a Multimedia Presentation
●
Font Wars
●
Character sets
●
Font Editing and Design Tools
Topics

3. ➢ Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the most common
means of communication.
➢ Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs is used to
communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives.
➢ Text is a vital element of multimedia menus, navigation systems, and
content.
➢ Multimedia developers must use words carefully and accurately.
What is Text?

4. ➢ Based on creating letters, numbers and special characters.
➢ Text elements can be categories into:
 Alphabet characters : A – Z
 Numbers : 0 – 9
 Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or Symbols [* & ^
% $ £ ! / ~ # @ .…]
➢ May also include special icon or drawing symbols, mathematical
symbols, Greek Letter ,emojis etc.
What is Text?

5. Factors affecting legibility of text
➢ Size :
The size of the text
➢ Background and foreground color :
The color in which the text is written in / on.
➢ Style :
Also known as typeface and font
➢ Leading :
refers to the amount of added space between lines of type.

6. Typeface :
●
The word typeface began to be used in the early days of printing to describe
characters that share common design features.
●
A ‘typeface’ is a family of graphic characters that usually includes many
type sizes and styles.
●
For example, Helvetica is a typeface with characters that share common
design characteristics.
●
Likewise Times New Roman is another typeface with characters that share
common design characteristics.
Fonts vs Typefaces

7. Font :
●
A font is a particular weight, style, size and effect of a typeface.
●
Most typefaces include a number of fonts, although there are a growing
number of contemporary ones that just offer one font.
●
Example, Helvetica is made up of 51 fonts of differing styles, sizes, and
weights.
Fonts vs Typefaces

9. The study of fonts and typefaces includes the following :
●
Font styles - boldface, italic, underline, outline
●
Font sizes - point, kerning, leading, Tracking
●
Cases – uppercase, lowercase, intercap
●
Serif versus Sans Serif
Fonts vs Typefaces

10. The technology of font effects in bringing viewer’s attention to content:
●
UPPER CASED Vs lower cased letters
● Bold, Italic, Underline, subscript
, superscript
, strike through
●
COLORS
●
Shadows
Shadows
Font Styles

11. ●
Font size is measured in points.
●
Character metrics are the general measurements applied to
individual characters.
●
Kerning is the spacing between character pairs
●
Leading is the space between lines.
Font Sizes

12. Kerning :
●
Kerning is the adjustment of spacing between individual characters.
●
Certain combination of letters has too much space or too little space between
them, which makes it a little difficult for us to read some letters.
●
kerning controls the space between characters to achieve even spacing.
●
kerning is the addition or removal of space between letters in order to achieve
proportional spacing between each letter.
Font Sizes

13. Leading :
●
Leading is an essential design aspect that determines how text is spaced
vertically in lines.
●
For content that has multiple lines of readable text , you’ll want to make sure
the distance from the bottom of the words above to the top of the words
below has appropriate spacing to make them legible.
●
Leading is the space between lines.
Font Sizes

14. Leading :
●
The leading is measured from the baseline of each line of text where the
letters “sit.”
●
Descenders, the parts of certain letters that are longer, such as a lowercase g,
fall below the baseline.
●
Ascenders are the opposite, letters with taller features, such as the letter h.
●
They need to be considered as well when determining the leading distance.
Font Sizes

15. Tracking :
●
Tracking is often confused for kerning.
●
Tracking involves adjusting the spacing throughout the entire word.
●
Once you’ve determined the right spacing between each letter, tracking can
be used, with great restraint, to change the spacing equally between every
letter at once.
Font Sizes

16. Tracking
Kerning
Leading

17. ● A capitalized letter is referred to as 'uppercase', while a small letter is referred to
as 'lowercase.'
● Placing an uppercase letter in the middle of a word is referred to as intercap.
Cases

18. Serif vs San Serif
Serif San Serif
● Serif is the little decoration at the
end of a letter stroke.
● Serif fonts are used for body text.
● Sans serif fonts do not have a serif at
the end of a letter stroke.
● These fonts are used for headlines
and bold statements.

19. ➢ Menus for navigation.
➢ Interactive buttons.
➢ Fields for reading.
➢ HTML documents.
➢ Symbols and icons
Using Text in a Multimedia Presentation

20. Choosing text fonts
➢ Consider legibility and readability.
➢ Avoid too many faces.
➢ Use color purposefully.
➢ Use anti-aliased text.
➢ Use drop caps and initial caps for accent.
➢ Minimize centered text.
➢ Use white space.
➢ Use animated text to grab attention.
Using Text in a Multimedia Presentation

21. PostScript
➢ Developed in 1984, PostScript fonts are based on the Adobe PostScript
language.
➢ PostScript is a method of describing an image in terms of mathematical
constructs.
➢ PostScript characters are scalable and can be drawn much faster.
➢ The three types of PostScript fonts are (ie: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3,
etc.), with Type 1 being the most common.
➢ Due to differences in how the font is built, Mac and Windows
PostScript fonts are generally not cross-platform compatible.
Font wars

22. TrueType
➢ Apple and Microsoft developed the TrueType methodology.
➢ The TrueType technology was originally developed by Apple in the late
1980s, but was adapted by Microsoft and has become the standard for
Windows platforms.
➢ TrueType is a system of scalable outline fonts and can draw characters
at low resolution.
➢ this fonts are relatively cross-compatible.
➢ The downside of the TrueType font format is that it is limited in its
scalability, and will often display differently on different systems.
Font wars

23. OpenType
➢ The OpenType digital font format was developed jointly by Apple and
Microsoft to put an end to the PostScript/TrueType war.
➢ Adobe and Microsoft developed OpenType, now the international
standard.
➢ It incorporates the best features of PostScript and TrueType.
➢ One of the benefits of OpenType is that it offers extended character sets
and more advanced typographic controls.
Font wars

24. Font wars
O : open Type
T : True Type

25. ➢ The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a 8-
bit coding system.
➢ The extended character set is commonly filled with ANSI standard
characters.
➢ The ISO-Latin-1 character set is used while programming the text of
HTML pages.
➢ Unicode is a 16-bit architecture for multilingual text and character
encoding.
➢ The shared symbols of each character set are unified into collections of
symbols called scripts.
Character Sets

26. ➢ Fontlab Studio
➢ FontCreator
➢ Fontographer
➢ Glyphs
➢ Robofont
Font Editing and Design Tools

27. End of chapter - 3
Nov - 2021