The document discusses several theories of motivation and human needs: - Maslow's hierarchy of needs identifies existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs as important, though not strictly hierarchical. An individual may focus on multiple needs simultaneously. - McGregor's Theory X sees people as lazy and irresponsible, while Theory Y sees them as willing to work hard in the right conditions by providing interesting jobs and good relations. - Herzberg's motivators include achievement, recognition, responsibility and growth, while hygiene factors like salary and working conditions do not truly motivate if absent. - McClelland's needs include achievement, power and affiliation.

3.  The different needs do not
 Existence Needs
exist in a rigid hierarchy. It
 Relatedness Needs is not necessary for the
 Growth Needs lower level needs to be
completely satisfied for the
higher level needs to
appear
 An individual may focus
on all the three needs
simultaneously

4.  People are lazy &  Are willing to work hard when
irresponsible the right conditions exist i.e.,
work is as good as play
 Dislike work need and  Have a psychological need to
direction & work & seek achievement &
 Will work hard only when responsibility
 Can be motivated to work hard by
they are pushed or
providing them with interesting &
threatened with punishment challenging jobs, encouraging
greater participation &
developing good relations.
THEORY X THEORY Y

5.  Authority & responsibility  Company policy &
 Advancement opportunities administration
 Supervision
 Recognition & appreciation  Salary
 Work itself  Interpersonal relations
 Achievement  Working conditions
CRITICISM
 Methodological
 Methodology
 Overall satisfaction not
measured
 Assumptions not tested
MOTIVATORS HYGIENE

6.  Need for achievement (nAch)  Moderate risks
 Need for power (nPow)  Feedback
 Need for affiliation (nAff)  Personal responsibility
 Entrepreneurial
 Matches their ability
 LIMITATIONS  Internal locus of control
 Difficulty in measuring needs
 Time consuming & expensive
 Not practical
Needs & limitations characteristics

7.  Cognitive Evaluation Theory
 Goal Setting Theory
 Self – Efficacy Theory
 Reinforcement Theory
 Equity Theory
 Expectancy Theory
 The relationship between the different theories of motivation &
global implications