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These slides introduce Chapter 3: Fall of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 factors.
1. Foreign Threats [Slide 5]
2. Maritime Competition [Slide 21]
3. Political Challenges [Slide 32]
4. Social Challenges [Slide 48]
Any feedback is welcome.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMAN REACTIONS TO THE TREATYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMAN REACTIONS TO THE TREATY. It contains: some people said the treaty was fair, some people said the treaty was too harsh, negative reactions, Germany hated the treaty, problems were building for the future, German outrage, German reaction, Germans hated the treaty, reparations and army, loss of territory.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA. Paper 2, contains: partition for Africa, colonial imperialism, Berlin conference, the battle for Ethiopia, scramble for economic reasons, Africa the open market for trade, the need for raw materials, capital investment, imperialism vs. corporatism, scramble for geopolitical reasons, the rivalries, the strategic purpose, scramble for nationalistic reasons, scramble for liberal reasons, heart of darkness.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMAN REACTIONS TO THE TREATYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY: GERMAN REACTIONS TO THE TREATY. It contains: some people said the treaty was fair, some people said the treaty was too harsh, negative reactions, Germany hated the treaty, problems were building for the future, German outrage, German reaction, Germans hated the treaty, reparations and army, loss of territory.
CAMBRIDGE AS HISTORY: SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA. Paper 2, contains: partition for Africa, colonial imperialism, Berlin conference, the battle for Ethiopia, scramble for economic reasons, Africa the open market for trade, the need for raw materials, capital investment, imperialism vs. corporatism, scramble for geopolitical reasons, the rivalries, the strategic purpose, scramble for nationalistic reasons, scramble for liberal reasons, heart of darkness.
The presentation is about peace, conflict, and development. It shows the link between war and the economic development of countries. It presents negative and positive impacts of war on economy.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: SUCCESSES.
The League successfully adjudicated the Aaland Islands dispute in 1921, preventing a military altercation between Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, the League resolved the issue of Upper Silesia in 1921, deciding to split the territory between both Germany and Poland, and bringing an end to the riots.
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These slides introduce Chapter 3: Rise of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Background [Slide 3]
2. Factors leading to the Rise of Venice between 9th and 15th centuries [Slide 16]
3. Venice at its Peak of Development [Slide 58]
Any feedback is welcome.
The presentation is about peace, conflict, and development. It shows the link between war and the economic development of countries. It presents negative and positive impacts of war on economy.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: SUCCESSES.
The League successfully adjudicated the Aaland Islands dispute in 1921, preventing a military altercation between Sweden and Finland. Furthermore, the League resolved the issue of Upper Silesia in 1921, deciding to split the territory between both Germany and Poland, and bringing an end to the riots.
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 3: Rise of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Background [Slide 3]
2. Factors leading to the Rise of Venice between 9th and 15th centuries [Slide 16]
3. Venice at its Peak of Development [Slide 58]
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 1 - CitizenshipGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 1: Citizenship to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. 4 ways to become a Singaporean [Slide 4]
2. Advantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 26]
3. Disadvantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 50]
Part 1 Video Citizenship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHvaEBoCG70&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2 Video Advantages of Citizenship
https://youtu.be/Cdp-0krqL14
Any feedback is welcome.
Chapter 2 - Part 1 Sustaining Economic Development in a Globalising WorldGoh Bang Rui
This is the first part of the Sustaining Economic Development in a Globalising World (Chapter 2 of Social Studies Secondary 4 Syllabus), It introduces the concept of globalisation, the 3 key driving forces behind it and the impacts or consequences of globalisation.
1. What is Globalisation?
2. Key Driving Forces of Globalisation
- Advances in Communication
- Advances in Transportation
- Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
3. Impacts of Globalisation
- Economic
- Social
- Environmental
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Chapter 2 - Part 2 Singapore StrategiesGoh Bang Rui
This is the second part of the Sustaining Economic Development in a Globalising World (Chapter 2 of Social Studies Secondary 4 Syllabus), It describes the 5 strategies to cope with the globalising world.
1. Diversify the Economy
2. Nurture the Growth of SME
3. Venture Abroad
4. Expand Market Reach through Economic Cooperation
5. Manage Resources Efficiently.
- Promote local entrepreneurship and technopreneurship
- Promote continuous learning among the workforce
- Attract Foreign Talent
- Manage Environment
- Regional and International Cooperation
- Education
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Social Studies - The 1990 Iraq-Kuwait WarGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 1: 1990 Iraq-Kuwait War to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Why we study this for Singapore Social Studies? [Slide 15]
2. Basic Events of the War [Slide 19]
3. Causes of the War [Slide 37]
4. Impacts of the War [Slide 64]
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
http://bit.ly/iraqkuwaitwar
Reading Aloud Part 2 - Syllables and Word Stress (O' Level Oral Examination)Goh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to explain the syllables and word stress for Reading Aloud (Section A under Paper 3) and provides the fundamentals to read rhythmically as well as to know when to emphasize or stress during reading for O Level English Language Examination in Singapore.
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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English Language - Exposition: Facts and Opinions Goh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce the concept of Facts and Opinions to the students. This concept is important to understand the basic foundations of Exposition or Expository Writing under English Language.
Can you identify facts from opinions?
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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These slides introduce Chapter 5: Bonding Singapore to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Singapore - Who are we?
2. Why is it important to manage ethnic diversity?
3. What are the challenges of a multi-ethnic society?
4. How can ethnic diversity be managed?
Any feedback is welcome.
You can also watch the flipped video for the first three parts of the lesson using the below link.
bit.ly/bondingsingapore
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What is the governance system in Singapore? You might have guessed it correctly. It's democracy. It can be divided into three areas. What are the three areas? Read on to find out.
Secondary 3 Express/ Normal Academic
Chapter 2 - Governance in Singapore.
Chapter 4 - Causes of Northern Ireland ConflictGoh Bang Rui
These slides aims to explain the causes of Northern Ireland Conflict between the Protestants and Catholics found in Chapter 4 in the Social Studies textbook for Secondary 3.
Chapter 2 - Guiding Principles of GovernanceGoh Bang Rui
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What are the guiding principles in Singapore? There are a total of 4 guiding principles of good governance.
1. Leadership is key
2. Anticipate changes and stay relevant
3. Reward for work and work for reward (meritocracy)
4. A stake for everyone, opportunities for all
Thank you for watching my slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Secondary 3 Express/ Normal Academic
Chapter 2 - Guiding Principles of Governance.
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These slides are used to explain the idea of writing a news report for English Language.. Students are introduced to the concept of news report from English newspaper in Singapore and then expected to identify the 5 key areas of a news report and from there, write their news report in the follow-up activity. These slides also explain the differences between hard and soft news.
The 5 sections of a news report are
1. Headline
2. Byline
3. Introduction (Lead)
4. Body (Details)
5. Conclusion
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
Thank you.
The precarious future of the nation-state (1)GRAZIA TANTA
Decolonization and recent independence movements hold the constitution of nation-states as a high point, perhaps definitive, for the beatitude of peoples, replicating the construction of nation-states in Europe, where they were the object of a slow process, dating to several centuries ago.
Nowadays, globalization develops processes to make the nation-states subalterns, with the creation of norms and institutions of many-nations or of international scope, implicitly assuming that the nation-states’ scope is too narrow.
Between the nation-state of the past and the unification and uniformity of the planet carried out by the multinationals and the financial capital, where do the roles and status of the peoples and individual persons lie? And, from an active and prospective point of view, what attitudes and choices should the peoples assume?
Introducing the second series on the growth of the US Navy, post-Civil War. This is an introduction to the second half of the 19th century when Britain still ruled the waves. The focus is on Imperialism.
French aid will become decisive. Thanks to Franklin's diplomacy and the victory at Saratoga; the money, men, arms and the sea power necessary to deliver them begins to flow in 1778. This session takes the war up to 1780.
The Age of the Democratic Revolution, R.R. Palmer's phrase, begins with the British North American colonies in the 1760s. This session will take the story from origins to the first turning point, the Battle of Saratoga, 1777.
First of the final Sea Power series. While Britain was concluding her struggle with France America was creating a navy destined to be the most powerful the world has ever seen. Enjoy!
HIS 131Roads to Revolution, 1750-1776Chapter 5I. A LooseSusanaFurman449
HIS 131
Roads to Revolution, 1750-1776
Chapter 5
I. A Loosening of Ties
After England’s introduction of the Navigation Acts and its attempts at turning New England into a Royal Colony through the Dominion of New England, it made no serious effort for more than 70 years to tighten its control over the colonies.
However, during that time, England did in fact add to its list of royal colonies until they numbered eight. These were New England, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia….In these eight royal colonies the King had the power of appointing governors and other colonial officials.
During that time also, Parliament passed new laws supplementing the original Navigation Acts and elaborating on the mercantilist program….such as, laws restricting colonial manufacturing, laws prohibiting colonial paper currency, and additional laws regulating trade.
Nevertheless, the British government itself remained uncertain and divided about the extent to which it should interfere in colonial affairs….Therefore, the colonies, until the late 1750’s, were left, within broad limits, to go their separate ways.
A. A Tradition of Neglect
During the first half of the 1700’s, though most of the colonies continued to be governed in the king’s name, British Parliament more and more asserted its power over the king.
Theoretically, Parliament represented the interests of the whole kingdom…However, in actuality, it represented mostly the interests of the wealthy merchants and landowners in England….And, most of these merchants and landowners objected to any ambitious scheme for reorganization of the English empire that might possibly require large expenditures, increase their taxes, or disrupt their profitable trade with the colonies.
During the reigns of George I and George II from 1714 to 1760, the real executive power in England had become the newly created Parliamentary official, the Prime Minister. The first of these prime ministers, Robert Walpole, believed that a relaxation of trade restrictions towards the colonies would enable the colonies to buy more English goods and would thus benefit British merchants.
Therefore, Walpole deliberately refrained from attempting a very strict enforcement of the Navigation Acts. This purposeful lack of enforcement became, temporarily,
2
England’s policy in its dealings with the colonies…and this policy was known as “salutary neglect.” (helpful neglect)
Meanwhile, the day-to-day administration of the colonies (what little of it there was) was very haphazard and inefficient…Many of the governmental agencies had responsibility for administering laws at home as well as overseas….But, in England, there was ...
The Seven Years War begins with Washington's defeat while trying to expel the French from the Ohio Country. William Pitt implements his plan based on sea power. And the first two battles of 1759, the year of miracles, are fought.
Social Studies Chapter 9 How do We Respond to Tensions Arising from some Econ...Goh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 9: How do We Respond to Tensions Arising from some Economic Impacts under Issue 3: Being Part of A Globalised World to the Secondary 3 and 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Economic Impact on Country [Slide 3]
2. Economic Impact on Companies [Slide 29]
3. Economic Impact on Individuals [Slide 50]
Video
TBC
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 3.1 Role of Government in Society Goh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 3: Role of Government in Society under Issue 1: Exploring Citizenship and Governance to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Maintain internal order and external security [Slide 5]
2. Ensure Justice [Slide 32]
3. Provide goods and services for the public [Slide 41]
4. Safeguard the interests of citizens [Slide 56]
Video
https://youtu.be/N3vlOG3MRdI
Your feedback is welcome.
Chapter 8 What Does It Mean to Live in a Globalised WorldGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 8 What does it Mean to Live in a Globalised World? to the Secondary 4 Express and Normal (Academic) students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore 2016 new syllabus. This topic is usually taught in Secondary 4.
The slides are divided into 4 sections.
1. Definition of Globalisation
2. Driving Forces of Globalisation - Developments in Transport
3. Driving Forces of Globalisation - Growth in MNCs
4. Driving Forces of Globalisation - Advancements in Technology
You can also watch the video below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZau6Nmmmqw
A Year Without "Made in China"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56rPP...
History Of Cellphones And How Drastically They've Changed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrdNd...
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative DemocracyGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 2.2 Decision Making in a Representative Democracy to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. What is Democracy [Slide 8]
2. The Legislative [Slide 23]
3. The Executive [Slide 73]
4. The Judiciary [Slide 84]
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 7 How Can We Respond in a Diverse SocietyGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 2 areas.
Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity
1. Assimilation [Slide 14]
2. Integration [Slide 37]
Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity
1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83]
2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89]
3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105]
You can also watch the flipped video below.
https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 6 What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a ...Goh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 6: What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Interactions in a Diverse Society [Slide 4]
2. Exchanges and Appreciation in a Diverse Society [Slide 19]
3. Challenges in a Diverse Society [Slide 30]
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkKkx3MDoeM&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 5 Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore NowGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 5: Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore Now under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Immigration Policy [Slide 4]
2. Economic Opportunities [Slide 24]
3. Socio-cultural Environment [Slide 47]
Video
Part 1
https://youtu.be/noEFxIBPNrU
Part 2
https://youtu.be/Vp2SSDIdYro
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 2.1 Challenges in Deciding What is Good for SocietyGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 2.1: Challenges in Deciding What is Good for Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Differing Needs and Interests [Slide 5]
2. Differing Priorities [Slide 14]
3. Unequal Sharing of Costs [Slide 21]
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 4 What is DiversityGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 4: What is Diversity in Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Nationality [Slide 4]
2. Race and Ethnicity [Slide 23]
3. Religion [Slide 45]
4. Socio-economic Status [Slide 65]
Video
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VRdUe1i_es&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EB8pwquB8Bw&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
English Language - Subject Verb AgreementGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce the concept of Subject-Verb Agreement to the students. This concept is important to understand the basic foundations of Grammar under English Language.
Can you identify facts from opinions?
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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Reading Aloud Part 1 - Pronunciation (O' Level Oral Examination)Goh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to explain the common pronunciation students have missed out for Reading Aloud (Section 1 under Paper 3) and provides examples to warm up your vocal chords for O Level English Language Examination in Singapore.
Students are introduced to the concept of key consonants which affects the accuracy of your reading. These 10 marks can be a difference your current grade and the next one and learning how to pronounce these consonants accurately will help you score for your next Reading Aloud for O' Level Oral Examination Paper 3.
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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O Level Visual Text - Common Questions and How to Answer ThemGoh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to explain the common questions for Visual Text (Section A under Paper 2) and provides examples to answer various types of questions for O Level English Language Examination in Singapore.
Students are introduced to the concept of Visual Text which consists of 5 marks. These 5 marks can be a difference your current grade and the next one and learning how to answer these questions will help you score for your next Visual Text assignment.
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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Social Studies - Transnational TerrorismGoh Bang Rui
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These slides introduce Chapter 1: Transnational Terrorism to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Who is Osama? What is Al-Qaeda? [Slide 4]
2. Muslim Extremism [Slide 9]
3. Israel-Palestine Conflict [Slide 37]
Any feedback is welcome.
English Language - Spoken Interaction Part 2Goh Bang Rui
Link to part 1 of Spoken interaction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1RbChWPd58
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These slides are used to explain the idea of part 2 of Spoken Interaction of oral examination for O Level English Language Examination in Singapore. Students are introduced to the concept of Spoken Interaction which consists of 20 marks or 67% of the Oral Examination. Students are expected to carry out a conversation based on the given picture after given 10 minutes to practise reading as well as using the picture as stimulus. They are then expected to answer given prompts and provide well-developed responses related to the theme given in the picture.
The video is divided into three sections.
1. Introduction
2. Why conversations break down (02:55)
3. 10 tips from examiners (09:48)
4. Practices (13:30)
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
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Thank you
English Language - Argumentative Writing Goh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to explain the idea of writing an argumentative essay for English Language. Students are introduced to the concept of writing an argumentative essay and then expected to write a speech based on three appeals to the audience - logos, pathos and ethos. From there, they are to write an argumentative essay. These slides also explain the concept of evidence and its various examples.
If you have any feedback, please comment and like it if you find it useful.
Chapter 2 - Singapore's Population PolicyGoh Bang Rui
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The slides focus on the topic of the population policy in Singapore under the theme of Governance under Singapore Social Studies (New Syllabus).
There are 3 stages of population growth, namely:
1. Control Population Growth,
- 'Stop at 2' Policy
2. Encourage Population Growth
-Graduate Mothers' Scheme
-'3 Or More If You can Afford It' Policy
-Pro-family measure
-Attract Foreign Talent
3. Prepare for an Ageing Population
-Senior Citizens as Assets to Society
-'Many Helping Hands' approach
Thank you for watching my slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Secondary 3 Express/ Normal Academic
Chapter 2 - Population Policy
History Chapter 8 Part 2 - Towards Self-GovernmentGoh Bang Rui
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These slides aim to explain Secondary 2 History Chapter 8 Part 2 which focuses on the first Merdeka Talk and the second Merdeka Talk. This explains the circumstances which eventually lead to People's Action Party (PAP)'s victory in 1959.
If you have missed out on part 1, you can visit the below link.
http://bit.ly/historychapter8part1
Chapter 8 Part 1 - Towards Self-GovernmentGoh Bang Rui
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These slides are used to explain Chapter 8 Part 1 of the Secondary 2 History which is on 'How did Singapore progress towards internal self-governance?'
The main objectives of these slides focus on
1. Compare and Contrast David Marshall and Lim Yew Hock
2. Reasons for British granting self-governance to Singapore in 1957
During which, two riots will be included in these slides, namely Hock Lee Bus Riots in 1955 and Students' Riots, also known as the Chinese Middle School Riots, in 1956.
For Part 2, please click on the below link.
http://bit.ly/historychapter8part2
History - Chapter 9 Part 1 How did Singapore achieve independence?Goh Bang Rui
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These slides explain the reasons for both Singapore and Malaysia behind the merger of Singapore, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak to form the current Malaysia. This also explains the Cobbold Commission which leads to Sabah and Sarawak joining Malaysia. It also explains the split in the People's Action Party into two where one side is the current People's Action Party while the other reforms to become the Barisan Sosialis.
This is part 1 of the History syllabus for the Secondary 2.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
3. Eventual fall of Venice by surrendering to the French
under Napoleon Bonaparte.
4. Which of these factors was the most important
reason for the decline of Venice?
5. • Involvement
in Mainland
• The Ottoman
Empire
• The League
of Cambrai
Foreign Threats Maritime Competition Political Challenges Social Challenges
6.
7. Venice created
alliances with
larger and more
powerful states in
Mainland Europe
against other rival
states
• to protect her
territories and
commercial
interests
These mainland
states were Venice’s
source of water
and food for her
growing population
and expanding
industries.
8. Venice tried to take advantage of rivalry among the
mainland states by taking sides.
9. the only way was to build own strong army by
recruiting mercenaries to fight the wars.
To overcome the possibility that negotiations could put
Venetians at risk,
10. By switching
alliances with
different opposing
states, Venice was
creating fragile
relations with larger
states – putting
Venice at risk.
Venice could be
attacked should
negotiations fail.
The rivalry among
the mainland states
also made the
overland trade route
unsafe as constant
battles were fought
in the region.
11. Expanding power of
the Ottoman
Empire (Turkey)
saw constant wars
with Venice
especially over the
control of the
Adriatic Sea.
The Ottomans
attacked
Venetian
territories from
their own
territories along
the coast of the
Adriatic Sea.
12. Venice fought a
7-year war
against the sea
campaigns
started by
Ottoman to
wrestle for the
control of the
Aegean Sea and
the Adriatic Sea.
13. The Venetians tried to strike a balance of power with
the Ottomans and their European neighbours.
14. In 1463, the European states
launched a military
campaign against the
Ottomans.
Due to resentment, Venice
fought the Ottomans on
their own and lost
Negroponte, an important
Eastern trade outpost.
Conflicting actions such
as concessions made to the
Ottomans, and military aid
sent to European states to
fight the Ottomans in
defence of their territories
led to a deep hostility for
Venice.
15. The wars with Venice and
expansion of the Ottoman
empire resulted in Venice
losing some territories.
Venice’s poor relations with
other European states left
Venice to defend against the
Ottoman Empire alone.
17. Venice was forced to give up some of the mainland
territories to avoid being involved in mainland wars.
18. The galleys were used to fight off attacks by the
Ottomans in the 7-year sea-campaigns.
This disrupted its use of galleys for trading purposes.
19. The League of
Cambrai was
formed by
Mainland states
to reduce
power of
Venice and
divide the
territories
amongst the
larger states.
In one of the battles of
Agnadello, the Venetian
mercenary army was
defeated and Venice lost
many of its territories.
The defeat at Agnadello
stretched Venice’s political
and military capabilities. By
forming new alliances, she
managed to recapture
some of its territories.
20. Venice lost
more territories.
She had to raise
taxes to finance
the employment
of its mercenary
armies as well as
to replenish
supply of
weaponry.
Renewed campaigns results
in Venice weakened due to
the high cost of wars and the
drain of resources
21. Foreign Threats
• Discovery
of new sea
routes
• New trade
rivals
Maritime Competition Political Challenges Social Challenges
26. Portuguese become stronger
which provided strong
competition to Venice’s
trade.
Although Venice’s
traditional route to the East
by the Mediterranean was
shorter, it was time-
consuming.
The overland route to Hormuz
was also considered risky
because of robbers and
plunderers.
27. Despite losing its middleman role, Venice continued to function
as a trade centre in western Mediterranean Sea for Persian
silk, Mediterranean wine, glassware.
28. Venice also expanded its trade to the North Sea region and
maintained trade links with England.
29. More European
countries began
to trade
directly with
the East instead
of going through
Venice as
middleman and
her entreport
trade
Dutch EIC & English
EIC with better
designed ships
30. Larger states such as England and Holland were more
successful in negotiating for favourable trading
rights in new ports.
31. Venice lost
trade as a
middleman
as European
countries no
longer use
Venice a source
of goods from
the East
Venice became
economically
irrelevant.
Venetians
responded by
imposing
protectionist
policy on
foreign traders.
This made it
costly to trade
with Venetians.
32. Foreign Threats Maritime Competition
• Incapable
leadership
• Corruption in
government
• Over-
dependence on
mercenaries
Political Challenges Social Challenges
33. From 16th
century
, many of the
military leaders
were not
competent.
The shrinking
number of the
nobility as older
families died;
decline in the
nobility was
worsened by the
17th
century
plague.
34.
35. Most of the policies focused
on preserving power,
prestige and wealth of
nobles rather than for the
good of the city-state.
Rotation of duties led to
incompetent officers
taking up positions by
default, even in leading the
naval warfare against the
Ottomans.
36. With a shrinking pool of
nobility to select leaders from,
the choice of able leaders was
thus limited
With weak military
leaders, Venice could not
compete with enemies led by
capable and qualified leaders,
this led to many losses and
the decline of Venice.
Nobles sought to retain their
family wealth, property and
power, resulting in
domination of a small group
of rich nobles in the
government.
37. With power in the hands of a few, corruption was
inevitable in the higher offices.
38. Due to the wars
with Ottoman
Empire and the
large European
states and the
disruption of
trade, civil
servants’
salaries were
suspended.
Some members
of the nobility
lost their source
of income.
39. Nobles bought votes to gain
position.
Nobles also sold positions
to raise funds.
43. This also led to the rise of a group of nobles in the
Venetians who made policies to serve their own
nobility interests more than for the interests of the
city- state.
45. Venice was greatly dependent on mercenaries more after
population declined following the plague.
46. In 1615, Venice hired mercenaries of many nationalities
to fight the War of Gradisca. Instead, the French
mercenaries plotted to seize the Ducal Palace and the
Senate members.
This showed that they could no longer fully trust the
mercenary army.
47. Mercenaries turned
against Venice and fought
for the larger and richer
states.
Venice became weaker
when the mercenaries left
or turned against them,
leading to easy defeats
of Venice
48. Foreign Threats Maritime Competition Political Challenges
• Complacency
• Over-
indulgence in
affluent
lifestyle
Social Challenges
49. Nobles became richer and less interested and prepared for
war and security matters.
50. When Venice is
strong in
economic
growth,
lifestyles of
nobles become
better.
Nobles also
became more
distant from
commoners.
52. Nobles who were entrusted with the affairs of the
state became complacent about territorial issues.
It was only a matter of time that they would be
proven to have outdated fortresses and army.
Nobles were not alert to changes in the political
scene in the region eg. France’s growing power
under the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte.
There were no capable nobles to lead and
organise an army to defeat Napolean.
53. Instead, a small number of Venetians, aided by the
French, plotted to overthrow Venetian ruling
government.