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THE ROAD TO WAR 1939 - LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE TREATIES

The document discusses the rise of dictators in Europe following World War 1 and the Treaty of Versailles. It notes that several countries came under dictatorships in the 1920s-1930s, including Portugal under Salazar from 1932, Spain under Franco from 1939, Italy under Mussolini from 1922, Germany under Hitler from 1933, the Soviet Union under Stalin from 1924, and Greece under Metaxas from 1936. It also discusses how the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles left Germany dissatisfied and paved the way for Hitler to rise to power by promising to destroy the treaty.

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CONTENT ROAD TO WAR LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE TREATIES PLUS HOMEWORK 2
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D Activity Copy the causes of the Second World War on to 6 separate pieces of paper provided. In your groups, place the cards in order to show which was the most important reason for war, which was the second most important and so on. Explain why you have made these decisions.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D Fill the gap/research activity. Research the name of the dictators for each European countries in the following slide and write a relevant paragraph about why they came to power. (5 min)
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D DICTATORSHIP = RISE OF DICTATORS = EXTREMISM Portugal under ......... From 1932 Spain under ......... From 1939 Italy under ........................ From 1922 Germany under ........................ From 1933 Eastern European countries almost all countries were dictatorships Soviet Union under ........................ From 1924 Greece under ........................ From 1936
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D BACKGROUND Many countries were unhappy and wanted revision of their treaties. Japan and Italy were extremely dissatisfied about their share of the spoils. The most dissatisfied nation was Germany. Most Germans wanted to reject the Treaty of Versailles as they did not not agree with the territorial losses, disarmament, war guilt and reparations. The discontent originated from the “stab in the back The Treaty of Versailles was harsh on Germany, it failed to completely disable the country militarily and economically. This gave Germany opportunity to rebuild when the time was right.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D DISSATISFIED POWERS Japan – was disappointed because its idea for a racial equality clause had been rejected at the Paris Peace Conference and it had expected to receive a greater share of Germany’s former trading right in China. Italy – had hoped to receive the Adriatic port of Fiume and a greater share of the former colonies of Germany and Turkey. Germany – objected to each aspect of the Treaty of Versailles: territorial loses, disarmament clauses, war guilt, reparations.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D HOMEWORK 1 Source 1 - Extract from a right-wing German newspaper published in June 1919: Today in the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles the disgraceful Treaty is being signed. Do not forget it! The German people will with unceasing labour press forward to reconquer the place amongst nations to which it is entitled. Then will come vengeance for the shame of 1919. Source 2 - Extract from Hitler’s Mein Kampf written in 1924: What a use could be made of the Treaty of Versailles! … How each one of the points of that Treaty could be branded in the minds and hearts of the German people until 60 million men and women find their souls aflame with a feeling of rage and shame. How useful are Sources 1 and 2 as evidence that the German people wanted to overturn the Treaty of Versailles?
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D COMPLICATIONS Hitler promised to destroy the Treaty of Versailles and this promise helped him to raise to power. In order to do that, he wanted to rebuilt Germany as a strong military nation. But this was forbidden by the treaty. Britain and France disagreed about how to treat Germany. The British thought the treaty had been too harsh and they were prepared to make concessions. The French were still afraid of Germany becoming strong again.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D PHOTO 1 - FROM SOLDIER TO FUHRER
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D PHOTO 2 - FROM SOLDIER TO FUHRER
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D 20 YEARS LATER
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D GERMANY’S POTENTIAL Treaty of Versailles leave Germany extremely dissatisfied, also failed to disable her and prevent her from growing into a powerful European state. GERMANY’S EXTREME DISSATISFACTION WITH VERSAILLES GERMANY’S ABILITY TO BRING A REVISION OF THE SETTLEMENT A DANGEROUS COCKTAIL + =
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D HITLER’S FOREIGN POLICY Destruction of the Versailles Settlement provided Hitler with a foreign policy agenda. Virtually every foreign policy action and demand that Hitler made between 1933 and 1939 involved the violation of the TOV or the Treaty of St. Germain. - German rearmament - Remilitarisation of Rhineland - Anschluss – forbidden union with Austria - Transfer of Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia - Occupation of Prague - Seizure of Memel - Claims over Danzig and Polish Corridor
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D SUDETENLAND This was a territory located alongside the extended border areas of Western Czechoslovakia mostly populated by Germans. The area contained many of Czechoslovakia’s military defences, together with valuable raw materials and centres of engineering and textile manufacture.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D IMPACT ON BRITISH AND FRENCH OPINION The British were fully satisfied by the harsh and punitive aspect of the Treaty. By the early 1930’s a common view in British government circles was that the treatment of Germany had been too harsh. The general feeling was that it was the duty of the British politicians to assist Germany in achieving the peaceful revision of the treaty. The French reaction was that the Treaty was not harsh enough. It was clear that Hitler was seeking to overturn the peace settlement and the French did not feel confident or strong enough to stand up to Hitler.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D A SETTLEMENT OF INCONSISTENCIES The Versailles settlement had created a whole series of inconsistencies or anomalies. - The separation of East Prussia from the main bulk of German territory by the Polish Corridor. - The placing of Danzig, overwhelmingly populated by Germans, under the League of Nations control. - The placing of three and a half million Germans under the Czech rule in the Sudetenland.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D HOMEWORK 2 Select one of the inconsistencies or anomalies created by the Versailles Settlement. Explain how it would have been justified by the peacemakers in 1919.
CAMBRIDGE IGCSE – ROAD TO WW2 – MR. D HOMEWORK 3: IS THE SOURCE RIGHT? WRITE AT LEAST 2 PARAGRAPHS