Subscribe to my education channel. bit.ly/gohbangrui These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016. These slides are divided into 2 areas. Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity 1. Assimilation [Slide 14] 2. Integration [Slide 37] Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity 1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83] 2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89] 3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105] You can also watch the flipped video below. https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw Any feedback is welcome.

1. 7 How Can We Respond In A Diverse Society?

2. Is Harmony
Achievable?
Chapter 4:
What is
Diversity?
Chapter 5:
Why is
There
Greater
Diversity in
Singapore?
Chapter 6:
What are
the
Experience
s and
Effects of
Living in a
Diverse
Society?
Chapter 7:
How can
We
Respond in
a Diverse
Society?

3. Different ethnic groups
in Singapore
( CMIO?)
Different religions
with significant
representation
Different nationalities
(cultural diversity within a society)

7. is an economic situation shared by
a group of people.

8. Individual or
household’s
income
Occupation Education Ownership of
wealth

9. Higher
Middle
Lower
(economic diversity within a society)

12. refers to when income gaps between higher and
lower socio-economic groups widen over time.

13. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

14. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

17. is a policy when the government expect immigrants to
adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority group
in the host country.

19. Napoleon
Bonaparte
Eiffel Tower Louvre Museum
Mona Lisa painting
in the Louvre
Tour de France
(World’s largest
annual sporting
event)
World famous
novel (and musical)
by Victor Hugo
(1862)

20. French
the Language of
Diplomacy and
International
Relations
French Revolution
paved the way for the
modern nation-state
and birth of
nationalism

21. French Philosophers
whose ideas shaped
the world we know
today
World Cup
1998 Champion

23. France has a
long history
and rich
cultural
traditions.
They wish to
preserve their
traditions.
Assimilation

24. Apart from the EU, most immigrants to France are from its former colonies.

26. means secularism where Article 1 of the 1958 French
Constitution assures equality before the law for all citizens
regardless of origin, religion, race and ethnicity.

27. “In France, the ideal of harmony in society is achieved through
every individual putting aside their affiliations to race and
ethnicity, religion and socio-economic status to display their
national identity as the only observable aspect of identity in the
public domain.”

29. Education Employment Naturalization
Process

30. Education
Secular education
• No mention of religion other than in
History and Philosophy classes.
Adaptation classes
• Conducted for the children of immigrants
to help them improve their French and
eventually join regular French schools (cf.
bridging program).

31. Employment
Immigrants face
discrimination in
companies’ hiring
practices.
• Three times more
likely to be
unemployed in
2007.
Be employed
• Learn French,
for communication,
build social networks
and feel at home.
Voila!
-

32. Naturalization
Process
Induction program to understand life in
French and be a French national.
• Attend French language courses and
a day of civic education
• Pass a French cultural and language
test.

33. 1. Does the assimilation policy
violate individual rights and
freedom of religion and
expression?
2. Do religion and cultural
practices play a huge influence
on a person’s identity?
1. Can it really be suppressed?
2. What happens when you try
to suppress it?

36. 1. Does an assimilation policy make immigrants feel valued?
2. Under what circumstances might an assimilation policy
succeed?

37. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

41. Merlion Singlish Food

44. Bilingual Policy
(1966)
Presidential
Council of
Minority Rights
(PCMR)
(1970/1973)
Group
Representative
Constituencies
(GRCs)
(1988)
Ethnic
Integration
Policy
(1989)

45. English Language
It is used as the working language
It is more than just a economic
decision, It is also a political one.
Mother Tongue
Mother Tongue Language preserves
our cultural heritage.

46. Official Languages vs Administrative Language
The idea is to
have a common
language where
different ethnic
groups can
communicate
with one
another.

47. 16 members (1 Chairman
(current CJ), 6 Permanent
Members (including PM), 9
other members
Also known as Presidential
Council for Religious
Harmony.

48. Ensure legislations are not
disadvantageous to any racial or
religious community.
Report on matters affecting racial
and religious communities that
are referred to it by Parliament or
the Government.

49. A majority Chinese
Singapore will not vote for
minority candidates.
Ensure minorities are
represented in Parliament,
hence it is important to
have GRCs other than
SMCs.

50. PAP talked about playing the role of
opposition in Parliament within its own
ranks, and followed up with the NMP and
NCMP schemes.
Going by that logic, why don’t we revert to an
all SMC system and have an equivalence of
the NMP scheme for the minorities if none
are elected?

51. What can you
infer from this
cartoon about
the GRC
system in
Singapore?

52. cf. Raffles Town Plan (1822)
Each HDB estate must fill pre-
determined percentages of
various ethnic groups.
It aims to prevent the formation
of ethnic enclaves.

53. 1. Does this plan really work?
2. How many of you actually talk to people of other races in your
neighborhood?

55. Why does Singapore need new immigrants?

58. Locals born and bred,
especially those who
served NS
Immigrants
except Malaysians

59. This makes the “US” more united and clearer about who they are because
they define themselves against the “THEM”.

61. To help immigrants adapt to
the norms, cultures and values in Singapore.
Forging of Common
Experiences
Provision of
Community Support
Naturalisation
Programs

62. The integration model works only when the
spaces of the different communities
expand and overlap and they share
common experiences.
1. Are all experiences equal in Singapore?
2. Are certain experiences critical to the
Singapore core?

63. Dr Janil Puthucheary
“I've spent the last 10 years
saving kids' lives.”
Response given in 2011 when
asked why he did not serve NS.

64. “This is exactly why people are uncomfortable with
him. He has no idea the sacrifices that NSmen has
to suffer from - 2 years penalty in life.
If he thinks performing an occupation of his choice
is equivalent of NS, then what about the male
doctors, nurses, teachers who served? Bloody hell a
car mechanic saves life too. Should we exempt
them from NS? Say so earlier la... then my ICT dun
need to serve ok?
What he did only underlined how out of touch he is
with the male Singaporeans who served NS.”
Reaction from a Singaporean identified as Roy
'I've spent the last 10 years
saving kids' lives - and got
rich doing it! What?
Volunteer work?
-Reaction from another
online user

66. SAF volunteer scheme allow females and PRs to volunteer (a very toned
down version of the compulsory NS that Singaporeans do) in the SAF.
Would that appease (male) Singaporeans?

67. This case study shows common experiences can bond people, and why it
can be difficult for immigrants to integrate in Singapore.

68. Focuses more on the racial
and religious harmony. The
different circles represent
the different communities.
Focus more on integrating
new immigrants.
(Long-term support may be effective)

69. The Singapore Citizenship Journey
is a formal program consisting of
three components.
1. Singapore Citizenship e-Journey
This is an online journey that allows new
citizens to learn about Singapore at their
own pace and convenience.
2. Singapore Experiential Tour
This half-day tour brings new citizens to
learn about our history at key historical
landmarks and national institutions.
3. Community Sharing Session
New citizens reflect on their journey
towards citizenship, share their hopes and
aspirations for Singapore, meet other new
citizens, and learn how they can actively
participate in the community.

71. Jet Li Gong Li Eduardo
Saverin

73. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
• Segregation?
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

77. What is the responsibility of the
government to its people?
• Does it have an obligation to take care of everyone?
Who is ‘everyone’?
• Is it just citizens?
• What about permanent residents?
• What about non-resident workers?
• What about refugees?
What is the likelihood of tension arising from
an expanding definition of ‘everyone’?

79. Different socio-economic groups exist
within any country, even in so-called
Communist states.

80. Regardless of your SES, you will fall sick and
require healthcare at a point in life.

81. Those from the higher SES group will have
better access to healthcare services
because of affordability issues.
Those from the lower SES group will defer
treatment if they cannot afford it.

82. Those from the higher SES will have
than those from the lower SES, ceteris paribus.

83. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

84. The market set the prices without intervention from the government of
healthcare
People have the freedom to choose their healthcare provider.

85. Prices can vary significantly between healthcare providers.

86. Medical insurance ownership is critical because of the high cost of
healthcare but not everyone is able to afford the insurance.

87. of Americans are able to afford private medical coverage
beyond what their employers provide.

88. Watch Michael Moore’s
documentary Sicko for a
critique of the American
healthcare system and how it
compares to Socialist models
(government-financed
approach).

89. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

90. Individual
responsibility
Government
Subsidies
3M (Medishield
Life, Medisave,
Medifund)
Community-
Support Model

91. Individual
responsibility
Fit and healthy people fall sick less easily and less
frequently.
Therefore, getting people to be fit (by regular
exercise) and healthy (by proper diet and non-
participation in health adverse habits like smoking)
will reduce the consumption of healthcare
services.

92. Health
Promotion
Board
(HPB) under
the Ministry
of Health.
PE lessons
in school
(now in
tertiary
institutes )
National
Service (not
the main
rationale but
definitely one
of the benefits)

93. If government were to pay for healthcare costs,
people will stop staying fit and healthy.

94. Government
Subsidies
Almost every country in the world subsidies
healthcare, even in the capitalist private
American model.
Under the Pioneer Generation Package,
Pioneers are more heavily subsidized for
healthcare than other Singaporeans.
Those who qualify for the Community Health
Assist Scheme (CHAS) also receive more
subsidies.

95. The rich Singaporeans need less financial help in paying for their
healthcare bills than the poorer ones.
This is an example of how Singapore manages socio-economic diversity.

96. Singapore uses Means testing – a mechanism to identify patients who
have genuine financial difficulties and determine the quantum of
appropriate subsidy.

97. 3M (Medishield
Life, Medisave,
Medifund)
Ordinary
account
Medisave
(Medical)
account
Special
(Retirement)
account

98. The purpose of MediSave is to force you to save up for the day where you
will fall sick (not small illnesses like fever and flu though) and need to pay
your medical bills.

99. Medishield Life is a national health insurance scheme which covers all
Singaporeans for all ages.
The former national health insurance scheme, called MediShield, only
covered 92% of the population. The other 8% have pre-existing illnesses.
This means that premiums will be higher for MediShield Life.

101. Medifund is for patients who cannot pay the bills even after MediSave and
MediShield Life.
Designed as an endowment fund for sustainability, the initial S$200 million
endowment with occasional top-ups is being invested. Interest earned from the
investments is then disbursed to pay for the medical bills of needy patients.

103. Community-
Support Model
The community helps by setting up
community hospitals for long-term care and
non-acute cases in order to free up spaces in
the government hospitals.
The community will raise funds themselves
to provide subsidies for the patients.

104. How successful has the
Ministry of Health been
in achieving the five
principles (1993)?
The Government's healthcare
philosophy Is based on five
fundamental objectives:
To nurture a healthy nation by promoting good
health;
To promote personal responsibility for one's
health and avoid over-reliance on state
welfare or medical insurance;
To provide good and affordable basic
medical services to all Singaporeans;
To rely on competition and market forces to
improve service and raise efficiency
To intervene directly in the healthcare sector, when
necessary, where the market fails to keep health
care costs down.

105. Chapter 7:
How Can We
Respond In A
Diverse Society?
Management and Impact
of Socio-cultural Diversity
• Assimilation
• Integration
Management and Impact
of Socio-economic
Diversity
• Market-based approach
(USA)
• Shared Responsibility
Approach (Singapore)
• Government-financed
Approach (Sweden)

106. The government provides substantial subsidies and services for most of
the healthcare needs of all citizens based on the idea of social and
economic equality.

107. Private medical insurance is available and voluntary.
Unlike the U.S., not having private medical insurance in Sweden will not
affect you adversely.

108. 220 euros
per annum for
medical services
122 euros
per year for
prescribed drugs

112. How do you
this graph?

113. 1. Singapore is 2nd
worldwide in
terms of health
outcome (behind
Japan).
2. Singapore’s health
spending per head
is much lower than
Japan’s.
What does this tell
you about the
efficiency of
Singapore’s
healthcare system?

114. Other possible to assess how a country deals with
Personal income tax
structure
Minimum wage
structures and
equivalences
Education system