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The document discusses how trade expanded during the Renaissance period due to the Crusades. The Crusades reestablished trade between Venice and other Italian cities with the East. They also exposed Europeans to new ideas from Muslim civilizations and brought back valuable goods from the East. This increased demand for trade. The Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Florence became major trading hubs due to their geography, climate, independent governments, and social structures that supported business and trade. They competed for control of trade routes in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
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Chapter 2 notes
The document discusses how trade expanded in Europe during the Renaissance period. It provides context on the Crusades, which reestablished trade between Europe and the East. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new goods and ideas from Muslim civilizations. This increased demand for Eastern goods and spurred more trade routes. The Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Florence became major trading hubs due to their geography, climate, independent governments, and social structures that supported business and commerce. They competed for control of trade in the Mediterranean.
Chapter 1 notes
1) The document provides an overview of life during the Middle Ages in Europe under the feudal system. Peasants lived and worked on manors, while towns offered more freedom but were overcrowded.
2) Events like the Black Death and Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system by reducing populations and increasing taxes. This led peasants to gain more freedom and a market economy to emerge.
3) Attitudes were changing with the growth of towns and trade, as people grew less devoted to religion and more interested in worldly matters. This set the stage for the Renaissance.
Classical culture
The 5th and 4th centuries BC in Greece saw the development of political and religious associations between city-states, including bilateral agreements, alliances, and federations. This era was defined by four major events - the Ionian Revolution, the Persian Wars, the Golden Age of Athens, and the Peloponnesian War. The economy was based primarily on agriculture, though Athens emerged as a center for domestic and international trade, with merchants and bankers facilitating the movement of capital and goods. Athenian democracy included salaries for public officials and clergy.
Trade and economy of tallinn
Tallinn has a long history as a trade hub dating back to the 8th century BC due to its strategic geographical placement on the Baltic Sea. As a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century, Tallinn developed ports and guilds that helped defend the city and promote trade. Today, Tallinn remains an important center of trade and economy for Estonia through its airport, harbors, and information technology industry.
Chapter 3 - Rise of Venice
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 3: Rise of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Background [Slide 3]
2. Factors leading to the Rise of Venice between 9th and 15th centuries [Slide 16]
3. Venice at its Peak of Development [Slide 58]
Any feedback is welcome.
Venice Rise
Capable leaders like Doge Orseolo and Dandolo helped Venice establish control over trade routes and defeat rivals like Constantinople, strengthening Venice politically and economically. Venetian merchants expanded trade through exploration, innovations like navigational charts, and establishing trading posts abroad. This increased wealth and attracted craftsmen and foreign traders. Arsenal shipbuilding boosted maritime industries. Accounting methods like double-entry bookkeeping improved trade efficiency, further growing the economy. Overall, strong leadership, expanded trade networks, industrial development, and innovative practices contributed to Venice's rise as a powerful maritime empire between the 9th-15th centuries.
Renaissance notes with first assignment
1. Several Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Florence grew extremely wealthy through overseas trade in the 12th-15th centuries, fueling economic growth and patronage of the arts.
2. Many northern Italian cities established communes ruled by merchant oligarchies, though the common people sought more political power through popular uprisings.
3. By the 15th century, Italy was dominated by several powerful states including Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and Naples, who worked to maintain a balance of power to prevent any one from gaining complete control. However, the failure to unify made Italy vulnerable to foreign invasion and conquest.
Trade
The document summarizes medieval trade in several regions. It describes how navigators during this period imported spices, goods, and other rare items in exchange for precious metals. Improvements to roads and security helped develop trade. Important trade fairs were held in places like Champagne, France where merchants could safely sell goods. Major trading cities in Poland included Krakow and Gdansk, where various products were traded. Bergen, Norway emerged as an important trading port, controlled by the Hanseatic League, where stockfish was a main export. The League influenced Norwegian society and established fishing communities. Florence became a prominent banking center as trade flourished across Europe. Genoa introduced gold coins and dominated Mediterranean trade until wars damaged
Recommended
Chapter 2 notes
The document discusses how trade expanded in Europe during the Renaissance period. It provides context on the Crusades, which reestablished trade between Europe and the East. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new goods and ideas from Muslim civilizations. This increased demand for Eastern goods and spurred more trade routes. The Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Florence became major trading hubs due to their geography, climate, independent governments, and social structures that supported business and commerce. They competed for control of trade in the Mediterranean.
Chapter 1 notes
1) The document provides an overview of life during the Middle Ages in Europe under the feudal system. Peasants lived and worked on manors, while towns offered more freedom but were overcrowded.
2) Events like the Black Death and Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system by reducing populations and increasing taxes. This led peasants to gain more freedom and a market economy to emerge.
3) Attitudes were changing with the growth of towns and trade, as people grew less devoted to religion and more interested in worldly matters. This set the stage for the Renaissance.
Classical culture
The 5th and 4th centuries BC in Greece saw the development of political and religious associations between city-states, including bilateral agreements, alliances, and federations. This era was defined by four major events - the Ionian Revolution, the Persian Wars, the Golden Age of Athens, and the Peloponnesian War. The economy was based primarily on agriculture, though Athens emerged as a center for domestic and international trade, with merchants and bankers facilitating the movement of capital and goods. Athenian democracy included salaries for public officials and clergy.
Trade and economy of tallinn
Tallinn has a long history as a trade hub dating back to the 8th century BC due to its strategic geographical placement on the Baltic Sea. As a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century, Tallinn developed ports and guilds that helped defend the city and promote trade. Today, Tallinn remains an important center of trade and economy for Estonia through its airport, harbors, and information technology industry.
Chapter 3 - Rise of Venice
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 3: Rise of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Background [Slide 3]
2. Factors leading to the Rise of Venice between 9th and 15th centuries [Slide 16]
3. Venice at its Peak of Development [Slide 58]
Any feedback is welcome.
Venice Rise
Capable leaders like Doge Orseolo and Dandolo helped Venice establish control over trade routes and defeat rivals like Constantinople, strengthening Venice politically and economically. Venetian merchants expanded trade through exploration, innovations like navigational charts, and establishing trading posts abroad. This increased wealth and attracted craftsmen and foreign traders. Arsenal shipbuilding boosted maritime industries. Accounting methods like double-entry bookkeeping improved trade efficiency, further growing the economy. Overall, strong leadership, expanded trade networks, industrial development, and innovative practices contributed to Venice's rise as a powerful maritime empire between the 9th-15th centuries.
Renaissance notes with first assignment
1. Several Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Florence grew extremely wealthy through overseas trade in the 12th-15th centuries, fueling economic growth and patronage of the arts.
2. Many northern Italian cities established communes ruled by merchant oligarchies, though the common people sought more political power through popular uprisings.
3. By the 15th century, Italy was dominated by several powerful states including Venice, Milan, Florence, the Papal States, and Naples, who worked to maintain a balance of power to prevent any one from gaining complete control. However, the failure to unify made Italy vulnerable to foreign invasion and conquest.
Trade
The document summarizes medieval trade in several regions. It describes how navigators during this period imported spices, goods, and other rare items in exchange for precious metals. Improvements to roads and security helped develop trade. Important trade fairs were held in places like Champagne, France where merchants could safely sell goods. Major trading cities in Poland included Krakow and Gdansk, where various products were traded. Bergen, Norway emerged as an important trading port, controlled by the Hanseatic League, where stockfish was a main export. The League influenced Norwegian society and established fishing communities. Florence became a prominent banking center as trade flourished across Europe. Genoa introduced gold coins and dominated Mediterranean trade until wars damaged
Social studies notes
The document summarizes the rise and decline of Venice between the 9th and 15th centuries. It describes how Venice rose to power through capable leadership, an exemplary political system, expanding trade networks, industrial development, and innovative business practices. However, Venice later declined due to growing foreign threats like the Ottoman Empire, increased maritime competition from discoveries of new trade routes, political challenges in mainland territories, and social challenges draining resources.
Sec4 express chapter3_the rise of venice_part i&ii.ppt(slideshare)
The document summarizes key factors that led to the rise and fall of Venice as a major trading hub between the 5th and 9th centuries. It discusses how Venice emerged as a trading center amid the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Key factors in Venice's rise included its strategic location, early settlers with trade skills, organized urban planning and government, and economic activities like trade. However, by the 15th century, Venice began to decline due to challenges such as the rise of other trade rivals, incapable leadership, and overdependence on mercenaries. Its trade monopoly and territories were threatened.
The rise and fall of Venice
The document discusses the rise and fall of Venice as a great city-state. It describes how Venice rose to power from the 9th to 15th centuries due to its strong navy, monopolization of trade, and capable leadership. However, Venice then declined due to external factors like wars with the Ottoman Empire and new trade routes, as well as internal problems like corruption and a complacent society. The document provides historical context on Venice's political, economic, and social factors that contributed to both its rise as a major power and its eventual fall.
-VENICE-VENEZIA-
Venice, Italy is a city comprised of small islands separated by canals. It has a rich history as a powerful maritime republic dating back to the 10th century BC. By the late 13th century, Venice was the most prosperous city in Europe with a vast trading empire dominating Mediterranean commerce. The city-state was governed by a complex oligarchical system led by the Doge, the chief executive who usually held the position for life. Venice became a major center of art and printing during the medieval and Renaissance periods, establishing itself as the printing capital of the world by the 15th century.
Chapter 3 - Fall of Venice
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 3: Fall of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 factors.
1. Foreign Threats [Slide 5]
2. Maritime Competition [Slide 21]
3. Political Challenges [Slide 32]
4. Social Challenges [Slide 48]
Any feedback is welcome.
Venice Decline
The document discusses multiple factors that contributed to the decline of Venice:
1) Foreign threats from involvement in mainland conflicts, the Ottoman Empire, and the League of Cambrai weakened Venice militarily and economically.
2) Increased maritime competition as new sea routes were discovered and other nations began direct trade with Asia challenged Venice's trade monopoly.
3) Political challenges including incapable leaders, corruption, and overreliance on mercenaries undermined Venice's governance.
4) Social changes such as Venetian nobles pursuing leisure over affairs of state further hastened Venice's decline.
Town Planning- Venice
Venice is a city located in northeastern Italy built on 118 small islands in a lagoon along the Adriatic Sea. It developed from the 6th century as refugees fled invasions, and became a powerful maritime republic during the Middle Ages and Renaissance due to its strategic location for trade. The city is renowned for its architecture, art, and system of canals in place of roads.
Urban society
Urban society saw the rise of the bourgeoisie social class as kings granted more freedoms and rights to subjects. The bourgeoisie worked as artisans or traders and were divided into the wealthy high bourgeoisie of important merchants and bankers and the petty bourgeoisie of master craftsmen and small traders. Cities were governed by magistrates and over time wealthier families formed a privileged urban patriciate class that controlled local government. As cities and the economy grew, the bourgeoisie and nobles developed a greater appreciation for knowledge which led to the establishment of schools and universities across Europe.
Venice........city of canals.
Venice........city of canals.Gorg Sciberras Wouldn't it be nice if all followers commented on member's show. It shows a sign of friendship and appreciation.
Diego Ravalico is an Italian photographer born in 1959 in Trieste, Italy. He developed a love for photography in his teenage years and had his first publication at a national level in 1987. His artistic photos of Venice were tremendously successful and helped transform photography into his full-time career. Ravalico's photos have been displayed in galleries in Paris and Trieste.Venice :unseen history....
#venice the city of water.....
history ,and present...
everything you need to know with help of maps...
Section 1
Greece's mountainous terrain and location along the sea shaped early Greek civilization. Farmers in mountainous areas grew crops and raised livestock, while coastal communities became fishermen, sailors, and traders who exchanged goods. The Minoans, based on the island of Crete, built large palaces and cities between 3000-1550 BC and became skilled seafaring traders, exchanging goods around the Mediterranean. They developed a writing system. The Mycenaeans then invaded Crete around 1450 BC and controlled the region until 1100 BC, adopting Minoan customs. Ancient stories like the Iliad and Odyssey told of the Mycenaeans and their involvement in the Trojan War.
Roman Lesson 8 - Politics part 3
The decline of the Roman Empire took hundreds of years and was caused by four main factors: economic troubles due to high taxes and inflation strained resources; political instability with weak emperors and civil wars; social problems like corruption as leaders served themselves; and external threats from invading groups like the Vandals and Visigoths. The Western Roman Empire officially fell in 476 AD when the barbarian Odoacer took Rome, but the Eastern portion continued as the Byzantine Empire for another thousand years, preserving Roman culture and law through achievements like the Justinian Code and architectural wonders like Hagia Sophia.
Venice's Reputation during the Elizabethan Period
During the Elizabethan period:
- Venice was a very wealthy and popular city known for entertainment, pleasure, and tourism. It was comparable to today's Las Vegas.
- Venice controlled a large sea empire and was a center for trade, with people from different nationalities coming to Venice to do business.
- While Venice was generally more accepting of different cultures than Elizabethan London, there was still conflict between Jews and Christians. Jews faced restrictions and antisemitism, having to live in ghettos and wear identifying clothing.
History of tourism
The document provides a history of tourism from prehistoric times through the development of ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, East Asians, Greeks, and Romans. It then discusses the grand tour in 17th-18th century Europe, the rise of spas, baths and seaside resorts, and concludes with a brief history of tourism in the Philippines from the arrival of tribes to Spanish colonial rule and beyond.
Trevor renaissance
The Italian Renaissance began in the late 14th century in Florence, Italy and lasted until the 1600s. It was a period of cultural, artistic, political, scientific, and economic rebirth. Important developments included the revival of learning led by scholars, writers, and artists who contributed novel ideas and perspectives in fields like art, literature, philosophy, and science. Some of the most influential figures were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Galileo Galilei, who made groundbreaking contributions in areas such as painting, sculpture, science, and politics. The prosperous Medici family in Florence was an important patron of the arts during the Renaissance.
How It Came to Be: The Origins of the Vatican City
The Vatican City originated as territories governed by the papacy known as the Papal States over 1100 years. In 1861, the Papal States were annexed by the newly formed Kingdom of Italy, confining the Pope within the Vatican. This standoff ended in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty establishing Vatican City as an independent state. The Holy See, distinct from Vatican City, is the episcopal see of Rome and possesses international legal personality, while Vatican City is the small territory it governs.
Age of exploration
The document summarizes the major European powers that led maritime exploration during the Age of Exploration:
Portugal improved its navy under Prince Henry and was able to lead exploration in this era, controlling the east coast of South America. Spain followed Portugal's example to gain control of the spice trade, conquering the Aztecs and Incas in South and Central America. France and England also competed for new lands, with France controlling the North American fur trade and England establishing colonies along the eastern United States coast.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
West Africa from 1400-1800 saw the rise and fall of several major kingdoms and societies, including the Kingdom of Benin, the Songhai Empire, Hausaland, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. These societies participated extensively in trans-Saharan trade but also engaged in slave trading, first within Africa and later in the transatlantic slave trade. The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on African populations and societies, resulting in over 12 million Africans being taken abroad as slaves and millions more being forced to relocate within Africa. This massive loss of populations disrupted African cultures, development, and economies.
Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette
The presentation gives an overview of the basic concepts of diplomacy, the historical formation of diplomacy, International rules, regulations and basic documents in diplomacy (especially Vienna Conventions from 1960s); of diplomatic protocol, hierarchy, receptions, visits, table-arrangements during various dinners and alcohol with food, international diplomatic and custom writing in comparison. The process of appointing ambassadors, sending ranking diplomats abroad, process of handing over credentials by the ambassadors are also offered.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade
West Africa contained many powerful kingdoms and societies between 1400-1800, including Benin, Songhai, Hausaland, and Kanem-Bornu. These traded extensively through trans-Saharan routes and with Europeans via sea. The slave trade disrupted African development, with over 12 million slaves taken to the Americas and 6 million to Asia. The impacts of this population loss were immense and contributed to later European colonization. Ethiopia resisted Muslim incursions while Swahili city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade until the Portuguese intervened militarily in the 16th century.
Global commerce ppt
The document provides an overview of global commerce between 1450-1750, focusing on European and Asian trade, the silver trade, the Atlantic slave trade, and their impacts. It describes how Europeans initially sought to gain access to Asian spices and goods, leading Portugal to establish coastal fortresses and control half the spice trade. The Dutch and British later set up trading companies and monopolized cloves, nutmeg, and the Indian cotton and spice trades. The discovery of silver in the Americas linked Asia, Europe, and the Americas in a global trade network centered on China. Between 12-14 million Africans were captured and sold into the Atlantic slave trade to work plantations in the Americas, profoundly impacting societies on both sides of the Atlantic
What role did italy’s history play in the
The document discusses the roles that geography and history played in the birth of the Renaissance in Italy. Geographically, Italy's location in Europe and along the Mediterranean Sea facilitated trade with other regions, exposing Italy to ideas from places like the Arab world. This helped generate wealth that funded artistic works. Historically, Italy was home to ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, whose artistic and intellectual works inspired Renaissance artists and scholars to revive classical ideas and forms. They looked to Roman ruins and artifacts for inspiration and moved away from strictly religious themes in art. The region's historical figures were also seen as models of human potential and reason.
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Social studies notes
The document summarizes the rise and decline of Venice between the 9th and 15th centuries. It describes how Venice rose to power through capable leadership, an exemplary political system, expanding trade networks, industrial development, and innovative business practices. However, Venice later declined due to growing foreign threats like the Ottoman Empire, increased maritime competition from discoveries of new trade routes, political challenges in mainland territories, and social challenges draining resources.
Sec4 express chapter3_the rise of venice_part i&ii.ppt(slideshare)
The document summarizes key factors that led to the rise and fall of Venice as a major trading hub between the 5th and 9th centuries. It discusses how Venice emerged as a trading center amid the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Key factors in Venice's rise included its strategic location, early settlers with trade skills, organized urban planning and government, and economic activities like trade. However, by the 15th century, Venice began to decline due to challenges such as the rise of other trade rivals, incapable leadership, and overdependence on mercenaries. Its trade monopoly and territories were threatened.
The rise and fall of Venice
The document discusses the rise and fall of Venice as a great city-state. It describes how Venice rose to power from the 9th to 15th centuries due to its strong navy, monopolization of trade, and capable leadership. However, Venice then declined due to external factors like wars with the Ottoman Empire and new trade routes, as well as internal problems like corruption and a complacent society. The document provides historical context on Venice's political, economic, and social factors that contributed to both its rise as a major power and its eventual fall.
-VENICE-VENEZIA-
Venice, Italy is a city comprised of small islands separated by canals. It has a rich history as a powerful maritime republic dating back to the 10th century BC. By the late 13th century, Venice was the most prosperous city in Europe with a vast trading empire dominating Mediterranean commerce. The city-state was governed by a complex oligarchical system led by the Doge, the chief executive who usually held the position for life. Venice became a major center of art and printing during the medieval and Renaissance periods, establishing itself as the printing capital of the world by the 15th century.
Chapter 3 - Fall of Venice
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 3: Fall of Venice to the Secondary 4 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus.
These slides are divided into 4 factors.
1. Foreign Threats [Slide 5]
2. Maritime Competition [Slide 21]
3. Political Challenges [Slide 32]
4. Social Challenges [Slide 48]
Any feedback is welcome.
Venice Decline
The document discusses multiple factors that contributed to the decline of Venice:
1) Foreign threats from involvement in mainland conflicts, the Ottoman Empire, and the League of Cambrai weakened Venice militarily and economically.
2) Increased maritime competition as new sea routes were discovered and other nations began direct trade with Asia challenged Venice's trade monopoly.
3) Political challenges including incapable leaders, corruption, and overreliance on mercenaries undermined Venice's governance.
4) Social changes such as Venetian nobles pursuing leisure over affairs of state further hastened Venice's decline.
Town Planning- Venice
Venice is a city located in northeastern Italy built on 118 small islands in a lagoon along the Adriatic Sea. It developed from the 6th century as refugees fled invasions, and became a powerful maritime republic during the Middle Ages and Renaissance due to its strategic location for trade. The city is renowned for its architecture, art, and system of canals in place of roads.
Urban society
Urban society saw the rise of the bourgeoisie social class as kings granted more freedoms and rights to subjects. The bourgeoisie worked as artisans or traders and were divided into the wealthy high bourgeoisie of important merchants and bankers and the petty bourgeoisie of master craftsmen and small traders. Cities were governed by magistrates and over time wealthier families formed a privileged urban patriciate class that controlled local government. As cities and the economy grew, the bourgeoisie and nobles developed a greater appreciation for knowledge which led to the establishment of schools and universities across Europe.
Venice........city of canals.
Venice........city of canals.Gorg Sciberras Wouldn't it be nice if all followers commented on member's show. It shows a sign of friendship and appreciation.
Diego Ravalico is an Italian photographer born in 1959 in Trieste, Italy. He developed a love for photography in his teenage years and had his first publication at a national level in 1987. His artistic photos of Venice were tremendously successful and helped transform photography into his full-time career. Ravalico's photos have been displayed in galleries in Paris and Trieste.Venice :unseen history....
#venice the city of water.....
history ,and present...
everything you need to know with help of maps...
Section 1
Greece's mountainous terrain and location along the sea shaped early Greek civilization. Farmers in mountainous areas grew crops and raised livestock, while coastal communities became fishermen, sailors, and traders who exchanged goods. The Minoans, based on the island of Crete, built large palaces and cities between 3000-1550 BC and became skilled seafaring traders, exchanging goods around the Mediterranean. They developed a writing system. The Mycenaeans then invaded Crete around 1450 BC and controlled the region until 1100 BC, adopting Minoan customs. Ancient stories like the Iliad and Odyssey told of the Mycenaeans and their involvement in the Trojan War.
Roman Lesson 8 - Politics part 3
The decline of the Roman Empire took hundreds of years and was caused by four main factors: economic troubles due to high taxes and inflation strained resources; political instability with weak emperors and civil wars; social problems like corruption as leaders served themselves; and external threats from invading groups like the Vandals and Visigoths. The Western Roman Empire officially fell in 476 AD when the barbarian Odoacer took Rome, but the Eastern portion continued as the Byzantine Empire for another thousand years, preserving Roman culture and law through achievements like the Justinian Code and architectural wonders like Hagia Sophia.
Venice's Reputation during the Elizabethan Period
During the Elizabethan period:
- Venice was a very wealthy and popular city known for entertainment, pleasure, and tourism. It was comparable to today's Las Vegas.
- Venice controlled a large sea empire and was a center for trade, with people from different nationalities coming to Venice to do business.
- While Venice was generally more accepting of different cultures than Elizabethan London, there was still conflict between Jews and Christians. Jews faced restrictions and antisemitism, having to live in ghettos and wear identifying clothing.
History of tourism
The document provides a history of tourism from prehistoric times through the development of ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, East Asians, Greeks, and Romans. It then discusses the grand tour in 17th-18th century Europe, the rise of spas, baths and seaside resorts, and concludes with a brief history of tourism in the Philippines from the arrival of tribes to Spanish colonial rule and beyond.
Trevor renaissance
The Italian Renaissance began in the late 14th century in Florence, Italy and lasted until the 1600s. It was a period of cultural, artistic, political, scientific, and economic rebirth. Important developments included the revival of learning led by scholars, writers, and artists who contributed novel ideas and perspectives in fields like art, literature, philosophy, and science. Some of the most influential figures were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Galileo Galilei, who made groundbreaking contributions in areas such as painting, sculpture, science, and politics. The prosperous Medici family in Florence was an important patron of the arts during the Renaissance.
How It Came to Be: The Origins of the Vatican City
The Vatican City originated as territories governed by the papacy known as the Papal States over 1100 years. In 1861, the Papal States were annexed by the newly formed Kingdom of Italy, confining the Pope within the Vatican. This standoff ended in 1929 with the Lateran Treaty establishing Vatican City as an independent state. The Holy See, distinct from Vatican City, is the episcopal see of Rome and possesses international legal personality, while Vatican City is the small territory it governs.
Age of exploration
The document summarizes the major European powers that led maritime exploration during the Age of Exploration:
Portugal improved its navy under Prince Henry and was able to lead exploration in this era, controlling the east coast of South America. Spain followed Portugal's example to gain control of the spice trade, conquering the Aztecs and Incas in South and Central America. France and England also competed for new lands, with France controlling the North American fur trade and England establishing colonies along the eastern United States coast.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
West Africa from 1400-1800 saw the rise and fall of several major kingdoms and societies, including the Kingdom of Benin, the Songhai Empire, Hausaland, and the Kanem-Bornu Empire. These societies participated extensively in trans-Saharan trade but also engaged in slave trading, first within Africa and later in the transatlantic slave trade. The transatlantic slave trade had a devastating impact on African populations and societies, resulting in over 12 million Africans being taken abroad as slaves and millions more being forced to relocate within Africa. This massive loss of populations disrupted African cultures, development, and economies.
Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette
The presentation gives an overview of the basic concepts of diplomacy, the historical formation of diplomacy, International rules, regulations and basic documents in diplomacy (especially Vienna Conventions from 1960s); of diplomatic protocol, hierarchy, receptions, visits, table-arrangements during various dinners and alcohol with food, international diplomatic and custom writing in comparison. The process of appointing ambassadors, sending ranking diplomats abroad, process of handing over credentials by the ambassadors are also offered.
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade
West Africa contained many powerful kingdoms and societies between 1400-1800, including Benin, Songhai, Hausaland, and Kanem-Bornu. These traded extensively through trans-Saharan routes and with Europeans via sea. The slave trade disrupted African development, with over 12 million slaves taken to the Americas and 6 million to Asia. The impacts of this population loss were immense and contributed to later European colonization. Ethiopia resisted Muslim incursions while Swahili city-states engaged in Indian Ocean trade until the Portuguese intervened militarily in the 16th century.
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Sec4 express chapter3_the rise of venice_part i&ii.ppt(slideshare)
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How It Came to Be: The Origins of the Vatican City
How It Came to Be: The Origins of the Vatican City
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
1312 Africa 1400 to 1800 and the Slave Trade (revised)
Similar to Chapter 2 notes
Global commerce ppt
The document provides an overview of global commerce between 1450-1750, focusing on European and Asian trade, the silver trade, the Atlantic slave trade, and their impacts. It describes how Europeans initially sought to gain access to Asian spices and goods, leading Portugal to establish coastal fortresses and control half the spice trade. The Dutch and British later set up trading companies and monopolized cloves, nutmeg, and the Indian cotton and spice trades. The discovery of silver in the Americas linked Asia, Europe, and the Americas in a global trade network centered on China. Between 12-14 million Africans were captured and sold into the Atlantic slave trade to work plantations in the Americas, profoundly impacting societies on both sides of the Atlantic
What role did italy’s history play in the
The document discusses the roles that geography and history played in the birth of the Renaissance in Italy. Geographically, Italy's location in Europe and along the Mediterranean Sea facilitated trade with other regions, exposing Italy to ideas from places like the Arab world. This helped generate wealth that funded artistic works. Historically, Italy was home to ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, whose artistic and intellectual works inspired Renaissance artists and scholars to revive classical ideas and forms. They looked to Roman ruins and artifacts for inspiration and moved away from strictly religious themes in art. The region's historical figures were also seen as models of human potential and reason.
Chapter 13
The document provides an overview of human geography across four regions of Europe: Mediterranean Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe. It describes the diverse landscapes, cultures, and histories that have shaped each region over millennia, including the rise and fall of ancient civilizations and empires, the development of modern nation-states, and the political and economic changes of the 20th century that have led to the Europe we know today. Conflict and cooperation between groups have been defining forces as different regions developed in their own ways amid constant interaction and influence from their neighbors.
Chapter 14
1) The document discusses reforms in the Catholic Church between 800-1500 CE including reforms to priest marriage/offices and the creation of the Curia to advise the Pope.
2) It describes the Crusades which began in response to requests from Byzantine emperors to retake Jerusalem from Muslim rule, though later Crusades had mixed success and consequences.
3) Western Europe saw improvements to farming, growth of trade/cities, and the rise of universities which contributed to prosperity and the development of nations like England and France with some democratic traditions evolving.
Age of exploration_and_isolation_website (3)
The document summarizes European expansion and colonization in the Americas between 1400-1800. It discusses how Spain built a vast American empire after Columbus' voyages in 1492, conquering the Aztec empire in Mexico under Cortes in 1521 and the Inca empire in Peru under Pizarro in 1532. Disease devastated the native populations, aiding European conquest. Spain imposed its culture and extracted wealth via the encomienda system. Portugal also established colonies, particularly large sugar plantations in Brazil. By the 1500s, Spain had become the richest nation due to its American possessions.
Urban growth and gothic cathedrals
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Power point introduction to europe’s history
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1. Rome began as a small town along the Tiber River in Italy. Its location provided protection and access to important trade routes by land and sea. Rome later became a republic with a system of checks and balances between patricians and plebeians.
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Italian Renaissance Society and the Revival of the Money Economy
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Chapter 2 notes
- 1. Renaissance Chapter Two: The Expansion of Trade
- 2. The Crusade and Trade • Trade between Venice and other Italian cities and the East had actually been re- established several centuries before the Polos’ journeys. • This happened as a result of a series of religious wars known as “The Crusades” • Two important results of the Crusades – Contact with Muslim civilizations – Trade
- 3. More Crusades • During the time of the Crusades, the Muslim world was more advanced than Europe • During their travels and contacts, the Europeans were exposed to new ideas about medicine, astronomy, philosophy, math, and ancient literature • Muslim societies were inclusive because they welcomed contributions from Christian and Jewish scholars
- 4. • Crusades brought new goods back from the Muslim world including: – Oil, spices, and new varieties of fruit – Spices were the most sought after good • Because Europeans wanted more of these goods, an increase in trade occurred between Europe and the East • Other goods that the Italian states brought by sea, after the Crusades, included jewels, rugs, and fabrics like silk, muslin, taffeta, and satin
- 5. Moving Goods and Resources • It cost a lot of money to transport goods during these times • Goods were moved to market towns on ships along the coast, on boats along the rivers, or over land by horse, mule, or ox • There was a great deal of trade within Europe for local resources and goods, and luxury goods
- 6. • Areas rich in resources like minerals (salt, iron, copper, lead, and precious metals), timber, fur, and fish exchanged these for cloth and manufactured goods produced in other areas • The market was not centred around paying money for goods, rather it relied on trading one thing for something else • The same interest in trade occurred when Europeans landed in North America and discovered that the First Nations people were anxious to trade furs for knives and iron.
- 7. The Italian City-States • During the times of the Renaissance most countries were not known as countries… they were more like kingdoms, empires, or principalities – All of these were likely ruled by a monarch • Italy was a collection of city-states – A city-state consists of a city that is politically independent and the rural are around it (this rural area was called the hinderland)
- 8. Success of the City-States • 4 contributing factors to a successful city- states • Geography • Climate • Leadership • Social Organization
- 9. Geography • Italy was closest to the port cities of North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea where spices and other luxury goods were available • Because of this transporting goods were easier and cheaper to do
- 10. Climate • Climate is a lot milder in Italy than in other European countries • This meant that trade was not interrupted by winter weather • This also allowed for a longer growing season
- 11. Leadership • In pre-modern Europe, most countries were monarchies • Northern Italy was a collection of independent city-states – This meant that each city state had their own government, armies, and were in charge of their own affairs (how they ran things) • Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa became the wealthiest trading, business, and banking centres in Europe
- 12. Social Organization • Feudalism wasn’t as high in Italy as in the rest of Europe • Nobles in Italy would typically move into town, living in the upper classes of urban society. • The nobles typically got involved in either running a business or politics
- 13. Competition For Trade • The city states were always rivaling one another because they all wanted to expand their trade and business – i.e. Venice and Genoa competed for control of the Mediterranean Sea • Venice became a great trading place because of all the trading they did with the East • Genoa had some trade routes on the Mediterranean sea, but they also had some in the Black Sea. – Genoa would typically trade with Spanish ports in Barcelona and Valencia • Genoa was always an equal to Venice in terms of money brought in from trade until the naval battle with Venice in 1380