Subscribe to my education channel. bit.ly/gohbangrui These slides are used to explain Chapter 8 Part 1 of the Secondary 2 History which is on 'How did Singapore progress towards internal self-governance?' The main objectives of these slides focus on 1. Compare and Contrast David Marshall and Lim Yew Hock 2. Reasons for British granting self-governance to Singapore in 1957 During which, two riots will be included in these slides, namely Hock Lee Bus Riots in 1955 and Students' Riots, also known as the Chinese Middle School Riots, in 1956. For Part 2, please click on the below link. http://bit.ly/historychapter8part2

1. Chapter 8
How did Singapore
progress to Internal Self-
government?
Part 1

2. Objectives
1. Compare & Contrast
David Marshall &
Lim Yew Hock
2. Reasons for British granting self-
governance to Singapore in 1957

3. The British
still control the
important
areasof
governance
at the end of the election in
1955.

4. They need
to secure the British’s Interests.

5. British’s Opinion of
Singapore Leaders
David
Marshall
Lim Yew
Hock

6. David Marshall was
a locally-born
Singaporean who
became
Singapore’s first
Chief minister
after his party, the
Labour Front, won
10 seats in the 1955
election.
Coming
into Power

7. As the Labour Front had won the mostseats, it
formedthe government.
Marshall became the ChiefMinisterwhile six
local representatives became Ministers.

8. Relationship
with British
As Chief Minister, Marshall
was still under the control of
the Governor.
The Governor and the British
officials only viewed him as
a figurehead and did not
give him proper respect.

9. Figurehead
A leader with no real
authority or power

10. Because Marshall’s party was not the one
that the British expected to
win, they did not receive full British support.

11. Ability to
Secure British Interests
Hock Lee Bus
Riots
Student’s
Riots

12. Hock Lee
Bus Riots

13. What caused
the riots?
Workers from two trade
unions
Singapore Bus Workers
Union
Hock Lee Employee’s Union
went on strike for better
pay and working
conditions in April 1955.

14. The protest
gained support
from the
Chinese school
students who
came in lorries
and brought food
and
entertainment for
the strikers.
The workers thus
gathered at the
company’s bus
depot and
blocked the gates
to prevent the
buses from
leaving the
depot.

15. What was
done to stop it
When the police were called
in to disperse the crowd, the
strikers threw stones at
them. The police fought
back and the clash led to
more than 15 people being
injured.

16. David Marshall
attempted to
settle the dispute
between the bus
company and the
union by setting
up a
Commission of
Inquiry.
However, both
parties failed to
reach an
agreement.
The protests
by the bus
workers
continued.

17. When the protest
turned increasingly
violent, the
government called
in the police to
control the
workers and
students by
using fire hoses.

18. The strikes only came to
an end
on
14th May 1955.

19. Impact of Riots on
David Marshall
Marshall seemed reluctant to arrest
and imprison the Communists
during the Hock Lee Bus riots.
This caused the British to have a
negative impression of Marshall.

20. After the Hock Lee Bus riots, David Marshall led his
delegation to London in 1956 for the
first Merdeka talks.

21. David Marshall refused to
be a figurehead by
demanding the British
government grant his
government full control
of all internal matters
of government, including
areas that were under
British control.
He threatened to resign
if the British government
did not meet his demand
for internal self-
government.

22. Merdeka talks
In the first Merdeka talks, he
demanded internal self-
government, including
areas of defence and
external affairs
As the British felt that
Marshall’s government was
not able to overcome the
Communist threat, they
refused David Marshall’s
request and the talks failed.

23. When David Marshall
returned to Singapore, he
resigned as Chief
Minister.

24. Coming into
Power
Lim Yew Hock, the second most
important leader of the Labour
Front, became the next Chief
Minister after David Marshall
resigned.

25. Relationship
with the British
Unlike David
Marshall, he did not
believe in
threatening the
British to get what
he wanted.
He chose to
cooperate with the
British
government to
fight against the
Communist threats.

26. He took a tough stance
against the Communists to
gain the confidence of
the British
He believed that this was the
best way to gain internal
self-governance for
Singapore.

27. Ability to
Secure British Interests
Hock Lee Bus
Riots
Student’s
Riots

28. Students’
Riot

29. What caused
the riots?
These riots started when it
was announced that the
Singapore Chinese
Middle School Students’
Union would be closed
down due to its Communist
activities.

30. Reason
Taking part in
Communist
activities.
4
student leaders
were arrested.

31. Reason
Taking part in
Communist
activities.
4 142student leaders
were arrested.
student were
expelled.

32. Students
retaliated by
camping at
their
campuses for
two weeks.

33. The government sent
out the police, who
used tear gas to
force the students
out from the
schools.

34. What
was
done to
stop it?
A curfew was
imposed in vain.
Eventually, the
army was called
in and road-
blocks were set
up during the
curfew to prevent
the congregation of
large crowds.

35. The riots only ended
when the police
arrested almost all
the union leaders,
including the pro-
communist Lim Chin
Siong (left) as well as
Fong Swee Suan
(right).

36. Impact
of Riots on
Lim Yew Hock

37. The British showed confidence in
Lim Yew Hock as he managed
to suppress the riots
successfully.
The British were impressed with
Lim Yew Hock’s stance on
communism as he made arrest
of the people who were believed
to be involved in communist
activities.
Student Riots
Impacts of Riots on
leader

38. Ability to
Deal with Riots
The British were
impressed by his
capability in
handling the
student riots in 1956
The British had
confidence in the
government of
Lim Yew Hock in
dealing with the
communists.

39. Merdeka
Talks
When Lim Yew Hock led his team for the
second Merdeka talks in 1957, the talks
were successful.
Lim Yew Hock was willing to
compromise on the issue of internal
security as he knew that the British were
still worried about the communists.

40. The areas of External Affairs and Defence would also
remain under the control of the British.

41. The proposals of
Marshall’s first
Merdeka talks
formed the basis
for the talks.
This led to the
formation of the
November
1958
constitution.
This successful
second Merdeka
talks would lead
Singapore to
achieve internal
self-government
with elections to
be held in May
1959.

42. Question
Which of the following was the main reason for the
British granting self-governance to the Lim Yew Hock
government in 1957?
1. British’s opinion of Singapore leaders
2. Singapore leaders’ ability to secure British’s interests
against Communism
3. Change in British politics in 1957

43. Created by
Goh Bang Rui
Follow me
on
@slideshare.
@gohbangrui
bit.ly/gohbangrui