The document outlines four guiding principles of good governance: leadership, anticipation of change, merit-based rewards, and inclusivity in decision-making. It discusses the impact of corruption on countries like Indonesia and the importance of stable governance, illustrated by comparisons with Singapore. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits of meritocracy and public participation in creating a sense of belonging within the nation.

1. Chapter 2
Guiding Principles
of Governance

2. Objectives
1. Understand the 4 guiding principles of good
governance
2. Understand that good governance determines the
growth of nations.

3. Guiding
Principles of
Good
Governance
Leadership is key Anticipate change
and stay relevant
Reward for work and
work for reward
A stake for everyone,
opportunities for all

4. Leadership is Key
1

5. Imagine…
What do you think are
the qualities of a good
student leader?

6. How will you feel if your class
monitor spends all your class
fund by buying himself an
iPad Air?

7. World's Three Most
Corrupt Leaders
Source: Transparency International Global Corruption Report 2004.
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0921295.html
S/N Name Position Funds embezzled
1
Mohamed
Suharto
President of Indonesia (1967–
1998)
15–35 billion
2 Ferdinand Marcos
President of the Philippines (1972–
1986)
5–10 billion
3 Mobutu Sese Seko President of Zaire (1965–1997) 5 billion

8. Mohamed
Suharto
President of
Indonesia
(1967–1998)

9. Mohamed Suharto
In 1999, the Suharto family
fortune is worth an estimated
US$15 billion.
The family is said to control
nearly 40% of the land in East
Timor.

10. Mohamed Suharto
In 2000, Suharto comes under
investigation for corruption.
He is accused of embezzling
US$571 million of government
donations to one of a number of
foundations under his control
and then using the money to
finance family investments.

11. Effects on Indonesia
17.8%
of the population live below the poverty line

12. High Unemployment
Rate
Deter Foreign
Investment
Instable
Government
Effects on Indonesia
Despite a significant degree of economic stability
returning, economic watchers and investors are skeptical
about the reform.

13. World's highest
Integrity Government
Country
Level of Corruption
(10 = no corruption, 0 = high levels of corruption)
New Zealand, Sweden
& Denmark 9.3
Singapore 9.2
Finland & Switzerland 9.0
Source: http://www.thelocal.se/14514/20080923/

14. Effects on Singapore
Significant
number of visits
by foreign
delegations to
Singapore
One of the
world’s
strongest trade
nations
Top location for
foreign investors
Stable
government

15. Pause, Reflect &
Discuss…
Will you prefer living in Indonesia or Singapore?
Why?

16. This Durai is a g** d*** s*****, I feel
sick when opening The Straits Times
nowadays, his face made me lose my
appetite and his act made me PUKE!
Singapore government must make
him vomit all he sucked from the
population and those who
contributed to NKF ... I am waiting to
see what is the verdict .. I hope
Singapore law do not disappoint me.
“
”

17. Caning of
Michael Peter Fay
(1994)

19. Convicted of
1. vandalising cars &
2. stealing road signs.
Sentenced to
1. 4 months in jail,
2. $2,200 fine and
3. 4 strokes of the cane.

20. Responses
Deemed the punishment of caning to
be excessive for a teenager
committing a non-violent crime.
Pressured Singapore government to
grant Fay clemency from caning.
US Trade Representative said that he
would try to prevent the WTO's first
meeting from taking place in
Singapore.
Could not apply different standards to
persons subjected to the same law.
Was not obliged in any way to base its
actions on the will of the American
public or government.

21. Leadership is Key
Leaders must be of good character to win confidence
and respect of the people.
Honest Capable
Moral
Courage
Integrity
Do what is right and not
what is popular.
Leaders must have talent
and ability.
1

22. Which function does the
principle help to fulfill?
Capable leaders can help to maintain
sovereignty.
Honest and capable leaders can ensure
stability in the government.

23. Anticipate Changes
and Stay Relevant
2

24. Past
Singapore River and the
Waterfront
How do you feel if this is the Singapore you are
now living in?

25. Now
Singapore River and the
Waterfront
How do you feel if this is the Singapore you are
now living in?

26. How do you feel if this is the Singapore you are
now living in?
Future
Singapore River and the
Waterfront

27. What does it mean by
‘anticipate change & stay
relevant’?
Government makes decisions that are forward-looking
(tackling future challenges).

28. NEWater

29. Four Tap Strategy (2002)
Rainwater Recycling
Desalination Importation

30. NEWater
Singapore depends on Malaysia for its water
supply.
Water agreement with Malaysia ends in 2061.

33. People’s
Reactions
towards
NEWater

34. Government’s
Assurance
Government communicated with the people
to assure them that NEWater is safe for
drinking via schools, newspaper and the
Internet

35. Anticipate Change
and Stay Relevant
What do you think will happen to Singapore if we do not
anticipate change and stay relevant?
Why is it important for Singapore to be able to anticipate
change and stay relevant?
2

36. What functions does
the principle fulfill?
This principle helps to meet the needs of the people,
especially the needs of people in the future.

37. Reward for Work and
Work for Reward
3

38. Imagine…
Examination results are out, and
you are eagerly awaiting your
results for your SS mid-year exams.
You are confident of getting good
results, since you put in a lot of
work and effort revising for it.

39. Imagine…
However, upon receiving your
results, you are horrified to
discover that you only barely
passed!
You ask around, and realise
that only those relatives and
parents who were teachers
scored distinctions.

40. Imagine…
You confirm your
suspicions when, going
through their papers, you
discover that most of your
answers were similar to
theirs, but YOU were not
awarded the marks.

41. Pause, Reflect &
Discuss…
How did the teacher reward students’ performances?
What would happen if the government rewards students’
performances in this manner?

42. Court Finds Gandhi Opponent
Guilty of Nepotism
An Indian court has dealt a severe blow to one of Prime
Minister Rajiv Gandhi's sharpest political foes, saying
that he had misused his office to benefit his relatives.
Sourced from:
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071EFC3B5A0C768CDDA80894D0484D81&n=Top%2fNews%2
fWorld%2fCountries%20and%20Territories%2fIndia
Now analyse these…

43. Now analyse these…
Scandal may cost World Bank boss
his job
When Dr. Wolfowitz joined the World Bank as its
president, he transferred his girlfriend to the State
Department and signed a memo that gave her a tax-free
salary of $193,590. Essentially, her new boss at the
State Department, earned $10,000 less than
Wolfowitz’s girlfriend.

44. Pause, Reflect
& Discuss…
How should our
government give out jobs
and rewards to us?

45. Reward for Work,
Work for Reward
Meritocracy
Reward based on performance
3

46. Examples of
meritocracy
Students who performed well in
studies and CCA are awarded.
Edusave scholarship and merit
bursary scheme reward the top
10% and 25% of the students
in school and ITE.

47. Pause, Reflect &
Discuss…
What are the benefits of being a meritocratic society?
Ensures equal opportunities for everyone regardless of
race, religion and socio-economic background.
Encourages everyone to achieve their best.

48. Pause, Reflect &
Discuss…
To what extent does our government practice Meritocracy?
Can you think of some examples that show Meritocracy
being practiced by our government?

50. What functions does
the principle fulfill?
This principle helps to meet the needs of the people
This principle also helps to build the nation – everyone
knows that it is fair and equal in Singapore

51. A Stake for Everyone,
Opportunities for All
4

52. Letters to the Forum
May 18, 2007
Bishan Family Park - a plea from the trees
We are a group of trees that stand tall and majestic on a little sloped strip
of woods just at the junction of Bishan Road and Braddell Road…
… Please allow us to continue being a nature park where residents
can take a quiet stroll and enjoy nature right at their doorstep. …
… We appeal to you, Mr Wong Kan Seng and the other decision-makers,
to temper the zeal for urban development with a little mercy for us.
Please listen to our plea!
Jo Marion Seow (Mrs)

53. Letters to the ForumMay 18, 2007
No mention of singles who take care of parents
...... When one of our MPs, Dr Lim Wee Kiak, suggested that stay-at-
home spouses be given the Workfare Bonus, people were quick to
highlight mothers who gave up their careers to take care of their young
children. But no one mentions the plight of single adults who take
care of their elderly parents. Sad to say, I belong to this group of
people…..
…..Throughout all these years, members of society and even my relatives
do not tell me filial piety is a value to be recognised. I am labelled
'unemployed' or 'idle'…..
Zym Tay Gek Mui (Miss)

54. A Stake for Everyone,
Opportunities for All
People have a greater sense of belonging to the country
if they have a say in decision-making.
4

55. A Stake for
Everyone,
Opportunities for All
More opportunities have been created to involve people
in decision-making
During feedback sessions, people voiced their opinions
about government’s proposal and policies.

56. What functions does
the principle fulfill?
Helps to build a nation
by encouraging a sense of belonging among people
Helps to meet people’s needs
People can voice out their concerns and needs

57. Pause, Reflect &
Discuss…
How do you think you can contribute to the country by
just making suggestions and expressing your
opinions?
What do you think will happen to Singapore
if people are not given an opportunity to express their views?
if people do not have a stake in the country?

58. Guiding
Principles of
Good
Governance
Leadership is key Anticipate change
and stay relevant
Reward for work and
work for reward
A stake for everyone,
opportunities for all