1) Biological extinction is caused by human activities like climate change, deforestation, overexploitation, invasive species, and pollution. This disrupts ecosystems and can collapse food webs.
2) Extinction has consequences like loss of basic sustenance, impacts on human health from loss of pharmaceutical resources, increased infectious diseases, effects on agriculture and spirituality.
3) Land, water, and air are natural resources that face issues from pollution, overuse, and waste. Proper management is needed to address degradation and maintain environmental balance.
The scope of studying environmental aspects is extremely wide and covers several crucial aspects of almost all disciplines.
The survival of any organism requires a steady supply of food and other materials and removal of waste products from its environment. The degradation of the environment is becoming a serious problem for the existence of human beings and other life. Pollution of soil, water and air causes harm to living organisms as well as loss to valuable natural resources. Several important aspects are studied under the field called as Environmental Studies.
The scope of studying environmental aspects is extremely wide and covers several crucial aspects of almost all disciplines.
The survival of any organism requires a steady supply of food and other materials and removal of waste products from its environment. The degradation of the environment is becoming a serious problem for the existence of human beings and other life. Pollution of soil, water and air causes harm to living organisms as well as loss to valuable natural resources. Several important aspects are studied under the field called as Environmental Studies.
Environment literally means surrounding and everything that affect an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. In another words “Environment is sum total of water, air and land interrelationships among themselves and also with the human being, other living organisms and property”. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions.
Environmental studies provide an approach towards understanding the environment of our planet and the impact of human life upon the environment.
Thus environment is actually global in nature, it is a multidisciplinary subject including physics, geology, geography, history, economics, physiology, biotechnology, remote sensing, geophysics, soil science and hydrology etc. Scope of Environmental Science Environmental science is a multidisciplinary science whose basic aspects have a direct relevance to every section of the society.
Its main aspects are:
• Conservation of nature and natural resources.
• Conservation of biological diversity.
• Control of environmental pollution.
• Stabilization of human population and environment.
• Social issues in relation to development and environment.
• Development of non-polluting renewable energy system and providing new dimension to nation’s security. Importance of Environmental Science Environment belongs to all the living beings and thus is, important for all.
Each and every body of whatever occupation he or she may have, is affected by environmental issues like global warming, depletion of ozone layer, dwindling forest, energy resources, loss of global biodiversity etc.
Environment study deals with the analysis of the processes in water, air, land, soil and organisms which leads to pollute or degrade environment. It helps us for establishing standard,Environment and Ecology for safe, clean and healthy natural ecosystem.
It also deals with important issues like safe and clean drinking water, hygienic living conditions and clean and fresh air, fertility of land, healthy food and development. Sustainable environmental law, business administration, environmental protection, management and environmental engineering are immerging as new career opportunities for environment protection and managements.
Need for Public Awareness With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves.
To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. The United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio-de-Janeiro, followed by Earth summit on sustainable Development have high-lighted the key issues of global environmental concern and have attracted the general public towards the...
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
Education is a process of development which includes the three major
activities, teaching, training and instruction. Teaching is social as well as
a professional activity. It is science as well as art. Modern education is not
in a sphere but it has a long and large area of study. Now a days most part
of the world population is facing different problems related with the nature
and they are studying the solutions to save the nature and global problems,
but on the second hand we even today do not try to understand our local
problems related to the nature. So for the awareness of the problems of
nature and pollution the higher education commission has suggested to
add the Environmental Science in the course of different levels.
Environmental Science is also well known as Environmental Studies in
the Indian Colleges and Universities. Before that it was the part of the
science but now a days it is a very common subject and higher education
commission has suggested including it as a general paper in all the courses.
Environmental Science and Engineering (BE), This subject is common for all Engineer's and its based on Anna University Syllabus.
If ur a tech loving person, do visit http://insmartworld.blogspot.in/
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studiesSarthakKedia1
Environmental studies is called as a topic which is multidisciplinary in nature as it includes studies of multiple topics in order to understand it in a much more better end more explained and detailed manner.
pptx containing information about noise, soil-solid waste pollution.
Also contains information about disaster management and sustainable development goals(SDG)
Environment literally means surrounding and everything that affect an organism during its lifetime is collectively known as its environment. In another words “Environment is sum total of water, air and land interrelationships among themselves and also with the human being, other living organisms and property”. It includes all the physical and biological surrounding and their interactions.
Environmental studies provide an approach towards understanding the environment of our planet and the impact of human life upon the environment.
Thus environment is actually global in nature, it is a multidisciplinary subject including physics, geology, geography, history, economics, physiology, biotechnology, remote sensing, geophysics, soil science and hydrology etc. Scope of Environmental Science Environmental science is a multidisciplinary science whose basic aspects have a direct relevance to every section of the society.
Its main aspects are:
• Conservation of nature and natural resources.
• Conservation of biological diversity.
• Control of environmental pollution.
• Stabilization of human population and environment.
• Social issues in relation to development and environment.
• Development of non-polluting renewable energy system and providing new dimension to nation’s security. Importance of Environmental Science Environment belongs to all the living beings and thus is, important for all.
Each and every body of whatever occupation he or she may have, is affected by environmental issues like global warming, depletion of ozone layer, dwindling forest, energy resources, loss of global biodiversity etc.
Environment study deals with the analysis of the processes in water, air, land, soil and organisms which leads to pollute or degrade environment. It helps us for establishing standard,Environment and Ecology for safe, clean and healthy natural ecosystem.
It also deals with important issues like safe and clean drinking water, hygienic living conditions and clean and fresh air, fertility of land, healthy food and development. Sustainable environmental law, business administration, environmental protection, management and environmental engineering are immerging as new career opportunities for environment protection and managements.
Need for Public Awareness With the ever increasing development by modern man, large scale degradation of natural resources have been occurred, the public has to be educated about the fact that if we are degrading our environment we are actually harming ourselves.
To encourage meaningful public participation and environment, it is necessary to create awareness about environment pollution and related adverse effects. The United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio-de-Janeiro, followed by Earth summit on sustainable Development have high-lighted the key issues of global environmental concern and have attracted the general public towards the...
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources Maitry Agrawal
The multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies and natural resources presentation will help you in knowing the actual meaning of environmental studies and it's scope and importance in layman's language. we will be also discussing about natural resources, types, individual's role in conservation of natural resources and sustainability.
Education is a process of development which includes the three major
activities, teaching, training and instruction. Teaching is social as well as
a professional activity. It is science as well as art. Modern education is not
in a sphere but it has a long and large area of study. Now a days most part
of the world population is facing different problems related with the nature
and they are studying the solutions to save the nature and global problems,
but on the second hand we even today do not try to understand our local
problems related to the nature. So for the awareness of the problems of
nature and pollution the higher education commission has suggested to
add the Environmental Science in the course of different levels.
Environmental Science is also well known as Environmental Studies in
the Indian Colleges and Universities. Before that it was the part of the
science but now a days it is a very common subject and higher education
commission has suggested including it as a general paper in all the courses.
Environmental Science and Engineering (BE), This subject is common for all Engineer's and its based on Anna University Syllabus.
If ur a tech loving person, do visit http://insmartworld.blogspot.in/
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studiesSarthakKedia1
Environmental studies is called as a topic which is multidisciplinary in nature as it includes studies of multiple topics in order to understand it in a much more better end more explained and detailed manner.
pptx containing information about noise, soil-solid waste pollution.
Also contains information about disaster management and sustainable development goals(SDG)
As a managemet student what weneed to learn about Environment .
Environmental Ethics need to be educate .
Students are forgettiing about there values or work to the nature.
Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, and air, as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form which must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, oil, and most forms of energy.
ppt includes what is waste ?, basel convention, definition, kinds of waste, classification of waste, sources of waste, impact of waste, waste herarchy, graphs, catagories of waste disposal, impacts of waste on health, impact of waste on environment
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Everything is Connected to Everything Else
• Every living organisms has a role to play in maintaining the
balance in such a way that if one element is removed it could
cause IMBALANCE
• Ecological imbalance needs to be MAINTAINED
6. International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN)
• is the first global environmental organization that collates and
monitors the population of species around the world including a Red
List of threatened species
7. IUCN Terms Description
Biological extinction The complete disappearance of a species from the Earth.
Local extinction
When there is no doubt that the last individual of a particular species has
died from a defined region or area
Critically Endangered
there is an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate
future
Endangered there is very high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future
Threatened
Any species which is likely to become endangered within the foreseeable
future throughout all or a significant portion of its range
Vulnerable
Faces a high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future; classified
as threatened in the near future if causal factors persist
Endemic
Population of a species that is native to the region, and which area of
distribution is restricted to a small place
Exotic An introduced species not native or endemic to the area in question
8.
9. Causes of Biological Extinction
1. Climate Change – human activities catalyzes the climate
change
2. Deforestation – deforestation often lead to habitat loss and
direct cause of extinction.
3. Overexploitation – kills numerous species
Forms: overhunting, overfishing and overharvesting
4. Invasive species – aggressive species
5. Pollution – pollutants disrupts habitats
11. Inevitable extinction of biodiversity adversely
affects the environment and humans, the effect
may be loss of food, collapsed of food web,
reduction of ecosystem efficiency, loss of
medicinal supplies and increased vulnerability of
species to disease and predator.
12. Categories Impacts
Basic human sustenance ● Reliance of people on biodiversity to support their day-to-day activities
as well as for their survival
Human health ● Source of raw materials for the formulation of pharmaceutical
products
● Dependence on ecosystem goods and outputs such as food, shelter,
potable water, fuel, etc.
● Reliance on natural products of ecosystem for cultural purposes
Infectious diseases ● Ecosystem disturbance disrupts food chain, thus altering the
interactions between organisms along with their physical and chemical
environments
● Sensitivity of patterns of infectious diseases to ecological disturbance
13. Agriculture ● Affects micronutrient availability in the diet
● Land conversion, in the form of mass clearance, of a forest
into an agricultural space leads to biodiversity and habitat
loss
Spiritual and cultural ● Indigenous peoples have sacred lands like forests which
has limited human access because of belief
● Due to human intervention, biodiversity-rich sacred areas
are degraded or exploited resulting to the displacement of
some indigenous groups
Business ● industrial materials derive directly from biological sources
such as timber, food, paper, etc.
● collection leads to extinction of varieties of species, or
sometimes an entire ecosystem
15. A. Land Resources – essential natural land resources for the
survival, prosperity and maintenance of all terrestrial
ecosystem.
Uses of Land :
1. Production of food and other biotic materials
2. Provision of habitats
3. Provision of physical area for settlements
4. Enables movement of plants, animals and humans
17. Land degradation and Solid Waste
Management
3 kinds of wastes
1. Solid waste – domestic, commercial, and industrial
waste.
2. Liquid waste – wastewater
3. Gaseous waste – carbon, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
oxides
18. Classification of Wastes according to their
Properties
1. Biodegradable can be degraded through a certain
period of time such as paper, wood, and other natural
products
2. Non – Biodegradable cannot be degraded that
contributes to pollution such as plastics, bottles, old
machines, cans, and Styrofoam containers.
19. Classification of Wastes according to their
Effects on Human Health and the Environment
1. Municipal Solid Wastes – household garbage
2. Biomedical wastes – solid or liquid wastes
3. Industrial wastes – generated by manufacturing and processing units
of industries.( like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas, sanitary & paper etc.)
4. Agricultural wastes –from farming activities mostly biodegradable
5. Fishery wastes
6. Radioactive wastes – product of nuclear processes
7. E – wastes electronic components
20. B. Water Resources – entire range of natural water
which has potential use to humans.
Marine Waters (oceans and seas)
Freshwaters (groundwaters and glaciers)
Surface waters (rivers and lakes)
21. Water Pollution
1. Availability of Adequate Water Supply – already in use to its
maximum capacity
2. Overutilization Resulting to Progressive Deterioration of Water
Quality – the overuse of water leads to its unfitness for human
consumption as well as disruption of aquatic ecosystem.
Examples:
A. Leaching of pesticides and herbicides to the subsurface of waters
B. Improper disposal of industrial wastes
C. Release of heated waters
22. 3. Runoff - These are
chemicals and oils dumped or
seep into waterways which
could intoxicate the aquatic
ecosystem.
- create fertile environment
for cyanobacteria which
eventually can lead to
harmful algal bloom
Ex. Algal bloom in Boracay beach
23. 4. Mining and Drilling
- Release of
Sulfuric acid from
mine drainage
- Can be toxic
to plants, animals,
aquatic organisms as
well as humans.
Ex. Padcal, Benguet
24. 5. Oil Spill – thriving
organisms and other
mammals on the
contaminated waters are
greatly affected.
Ex. Guimaras Oil Spill (2006)
25. C. Air Resource – air is a mixture gases in the atmosphere which contains
oxygen, nitrogen and other particulates.
Six Major Air Pollutants:
1. Carbon monoxide (CO)
2. Lead
3. Nitrogen oxides (NO)
4. Ground-level ozone (O3)
5. Particle Pollution
6. Sulfur oxide (SO2)
•
26. Sources of Air Pollution
1. Human – Based -human activity is a major cause of
air pollution
includes: burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and
natural gas)
that could lead to accumulation of gas in the
atmosphere
2.Natural – Based – sources of air pollution are organic
compounds from plants, sea salt, and suspended oils.
27. Ozone (O3)
-highly reactive, invisible gas compose of three atoms
Found in two different of parts of atmosphere
a.) Ground level ozone –located in the troposphere
b.) High level ozone –located in the stratosphere
28. Ultraviolet Rays
-has shorter wavelengths
- main source is the sun
-subdivided into : UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C
a.) UV-A – longer waves and reaches the Earth’s surface
b.) UV-B – harmful rays, can cause skin reddening, sun burn and skin
cancer
c.) UV-C – shortest wave rays; most harmful
33. Energy and its importance
-humans typically depend
on the benefits of the key
energy resources because
of its convenience.
- The usable amount of
high quality energy from
an energy resource is
called the net energy
yield.
Searching and pumping
out of oil beneath the
ground or ocean floor
transferred
to refinery
converted to
gasoline and other
fuels and
chemicals
delivered to
consumers
34. Renewable Energy Resources
Solar Energy – an energy that heats the earth and makes it habitable
- direct input of solar energy produces forms of renewable
energy resources.
Wind Energy – comes from the moving air mass heated by the sun and
used through wind turbines.
Biomass – the product of converting solar energy into chemical energy.
35. Non – Renewable
Energy Resources
- Comes from the
carbon-containing
fossil-fuel such as
oil, natural gas and
coal.
Oil
searching
Oil companies will drill
holes and remove rock
cores from potential oil
deposit areas
Area survey on the enough
availability of oil to be
extracted profitably
If verified, one
or more wells
will be drilled
Oil will be drawn
by gravity out of
the rock pores
Oil will be flowed to the
bottom of the well and
pumped from there to the
surface
36. 1. Oil as Fossil Fuel –crude oil, or petrorleum
a.) Oil Refining – one of the process of cycling oil production
(produces large quantities of petroleum coke or petcoke )
Petrochemicals – products of refining (2%)
-used as a raw materials to make industrial
organic chemicals, cleaning fluids, pesticides, plastics,
synthetic fibers, cosmetics and other products.
37. 2. Oil –Supply -2 known supplies:
shale oil and tar sands
Shale oil – integrated with bodies
of shale rocks
- involves mining,
crushing, and heating oil shale rock
to extract a mixture of
hydrocarbons called kerogen that
can be distilled to produce shale oil
38. Tar sands or Oil Sands
-heavy oil
-mixture of clay, sand water, and
combustible organic material
called
bitumen (thick, sticky,tar like
heavy oil with a high sulfur
content )
39. 2. Natural Gas Is a Versatile and Widely Used
Fuel
Natural Gas – is a mixture of gases of which 50-90% is
methane
- also contains small amount of propane, butane and
- Highly toxic hydrogen sulfide
- Versatile fuel –widely used for cooking, heating, and
industrial purposes
- Can also used as a fuel for cars and trucks
40. Butane gases - can be liquified under high pressure and
removed as Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)
-mostly used in rural areas
*natural gas can be transported across oceans, by
converting it to Liquified Natural Gas (LNG); highly
flammable.
44. Hazard – source of harm or adverse health
effect
Risk – resulting effects
45. Types of Environmental Hazard
1.) Physical Hazards – occur naturally and pose
health hazards like UV radiation from sunlight.
-substances that threaten our physical safety
-include ergonomic hazards
2.) Mechanical Hazards – repetitive movements
46. 3.) Chemical Hazards – synthetic and natural chemicals
-chemicals can be in the form of solid, liquid, and gases
-exposure to chemicals could acute health effects
4.) Psychological or Cultural Hazards –behavioral and social
hazards
-there are good culture and bad culture
47. 5.) Biological
Hazards
– refer to ecological interaction among organism like
infectious diseases.
-they are organism, or by-products from an organism
potentially harmful to human beings