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Ch 2 Natural Resources and Associated Problems
The document discusses natural resources, categorizing them into renewable and non-renewable types, and highlights the benefits of forests and the consequences of deforestation. It also addresses water resources, describing the impact of floods and droughts, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of dams. Additionally, it covers mineral and food resources, focusing on environmental effects, food security issues, and the consequences of modern agricultural practices.
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Ch 2 Natural Resources and Associated Problems
- 1. CHAPTER NO.2 NATURAL RESOURCESAND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS Subject: Environmental Studies By Prof. KOKARE A.Y. BABASAHEB PHADTARE POLYTECHNIC. KALAMB- WALCHANDNAGAR B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 2. Natural Resources Natural resourcesare the substances which are inherent to earth and obtained from nature and utilized to create products and services which are useful for human beings. Forests, water, air, soil , etc. are natural resources. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 3. Renewable and NonRenewable Natural Resources The resources that can be harvested continuously with proper planning and management are called renewable resources. Example: plants, animals, solar energy , wind energy, etc. Non Renewable resources are natural resources which are limited in supply and cannot be replenished by natural means. Once exhausted, they have very little chance of recovery or resynthesis. Coal, minerals, petroleum, etc. are Non Renewable resources. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 4. Chief Natural Resources ForestsResources Water Resources Land Resources Mineral Resources Energy Resources Food Resources B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 5. Forest Resources A forest, a biotic community with predominance of trees is an important Renewable natural resource. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 6. Benefits of Forests •Forest Provide protection against Soil erosion, Droughts, floods, noise, radiations • Forest Provide various products like, gum resins, medicines, Katha, honey, pulp, bamboo, timber, and fruits • The Forest regulates thelevel of Oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere. The forests also help in regulating temperature conditions • Seeds for vegetation. It provide direct and indirect employment. Benefits of Forests Clean water, conversion co2 into wood (stored carbon), Reduce wind and noise, improve air quality, transform degraded areas, shelter, stabilize agriculture land. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 7. Deforestation Deforestation is removalor reduction in forest cover. •Encroachment of forest land for agricultural purposes •Expansion of cities. •Construction of dams, canals and highways •Establishment of industrial areas •Demand for firewood •Mining Shifting Cultivation •Forest Fires •Manly cause •Timber extraction, Building Dams, •Construction waterways B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 8. Effects of Deforestation •Lossof natural habitat of wild animals and plants •Increased intensity and frequency of natural disasters •Land Degradation •Change in climatic conditions •Siltation of rivers and canals •Loss of revenue •Change in water cycle and reduced rainfall •Increase socio economic problems •Controlling Deforestation •United nation and world bank. •Reforestation is also being encouraged. •Special legislation to protect forest land. •Environment clearance is mandatory for big industry B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
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- 10. Source of water •Surface water: ocean, seas, ponds, river • Underground water: streams, well, borewell • Use and Over Exploitation of Surface and Ground water • Waste and byproduct from industries • Disposal of municipal waste in river cause major loss of clean water • Agriculture waste, pesticide, fertilizer. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 11. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof.Kokare A.Y.
- 12. Water Calamities: Floodsand Droughts • Floods damage to water supply, sewage disposal system. • Affect human health • Damage properties and infra. • Rapid speed leads to landslide • It cause respiratory diseases due consumption of polluted water. • Increase physical and emotional stress. • Disturbed transport system, food shortage • Releases of cheical • migration B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 13. Floods Floods refers tothe presence of unusually large amount of water at any place or more water that can be handled by the drainage of the area. The various types of floods are Flash Floods River floods Coastal Floods B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 14. Drought A drought isa condition in which a region suffers from a severe scarcity in its water availability. • Water resources depleted • Loss of live stock affect local economy. • According to United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization, 1.2 billion people, 20% earth population suffered • Draught change in routine weather patter. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 15. Dams: Benefits andProblems B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 16. What do damsprovide ? Electricity Irrigation Navigation Flood Control Beautiful landscape Demands for drinking and other consumption needs Water wastage regulated B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 17. Disadvantages or Adverseeffect of Dams Deforestation and loss of biodiversity Sinking of agricultural and forest land Displacement of tribals from their home land Growth of aquatic weeds Siltation of reservoirs due to degraded catchment conditions Increase in water borne and soil borne diseases Increase flash floods and affect entire ecosystem, Increased water logging and salinity Emissions of greenhouse gases, Accumulation of toxic materials. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 18. Mineral Resources Minerals arenaturally occurring chemical compounds, which are formed through inorganic processes under the crust of the earth. Minerals are non-renewable resources B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 19. Types of Minerals MetallicMinerals: copper, aluminum, iron etc. Industrial Materials: lime, potash, salt Construction Materials: sand, stone, gravels Energy Minerals: coal, oil, gas, heavy radioactive metals B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 20. Environmental Effect ofExtraction or Mining It support 7-9% on GDP Basic Activity: 1. Geophysical survey 2. mapping 3. Sampling 4. Drilling 5.Modelling 6. Feasibility Mine safety: Strong global and local legislation Synthetic building material reduce load on natural rocks. New technology at power plant, ignition engine Tree plantation Mine effect on environment: It pollute the environment. Onshore mining badly effect marine life It produce large waste Soil erosion Destruction of forest Pollution of air, water and land. Mining lowers water table Emission of radioactive pollutants, ash and trace metals. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 21. Food Resources Natural orartificially produced materials, which are used as food to derive metabolic energy, are called as food resources. B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 22. Type of Food 1AgriculturalCrops 2Livestock 3Fish 4Others(Mariculture based) B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 23. World Food Problems(Food security act 1999) Insufficient production Lack of irrigation facility High oil prices Under nutrition and malnutrition Hoarding Food used to biofuel Climate change Over population War poverty Food Problems solution: Increase food production control population Altering food pattern Food human right B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 24. Causes of FoodProblems Increased Population Unfavorable Climatic Conditions Adverse geographical Conditions Infertile soil Disasters such as Floods, drought, earthquakes, storms, etc. Lack of transportation High cost of grains Insufficient distribution system B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 25. Environmental Effects ofModern Agriculture-Green revolution Definition- Green revolution is the successful agriculture experiments which can help to produce more food. Stages in Green revolution Continuous expansion of farming area. More cropping Produce seed with improve genetics. Use of NABARD, ICAR Advantages of Green revolution 1. High quality seed. 2. Use irrigation or controlled water supply 3. Use of fertilizer and pesticide 4. Management of farming activity 5. create more job. Disvantages of Green revolution 1. Human health due to use of pesticide etc. 2. Soil quality B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.
- 26. Sustainable agriculture: theneed of the hour B.P.P. Kalamb-Walchandnagar Prof. Kokare A.Y.