This document outlines key concepts from a chapter on Coulomb's law, including:
1) Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles and its dependence on their charges and distance.
2) Electric charge is quantized and can only take on integer multiples of the elementary charge.
3) The net electric charge is always conserved in isolated systems. Examples of processes involving conservation of charge like particle annihilation and pair production are provided.
- Coulomb's law describes the electric force between two point charges. It states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The document discusses various methods of charging objects, including rubbing, conduction, and induction. It also describes the properties of conductors and insulators.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use Coulomb's law to calculate the electric force between charges, including resolving forces into components. Equilibrium situations involving electric forces and other forces are also analyzed.
This document discusses key concepts about electric charge including:
- Charges of the same sign repel and opposite charges attract based on Coulomb's law.
- Conductors allow free movement of charge carriers like electrons, while insulators do not.
- Charge is quantized and can only exist in integer multiples of the elementary charge carried by protons and electrons.
- Charge is conserved in interactions and transformations at both the macro and microscopic level.
- Electric charge exists in two types, positive and negative, and is quantized in units of the elementary charge e. Charges of the same type repel, while opposite charges attract.
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a test charge at some point, and can be used to determine the force on any charge. Electric fields from multiple sources add through superposition.
The following presentation explain about electric charge ,its properties and methods of charging a body .the presentation also explain electrostatic force
This document provides notes on electrostatics. It defines key terms like electrostatics, electric charge, conductors, insulators, semiconductors. It describes properties of electric charge including additivity, quantization, and conservation. Coulomb's law is explained, relating the electrostatic force between two point charges to the product of their charges and the inverse square of the distance between them. The document also compares electrostatic force and gravitational force.
1. Electric charges can be positive or negative, and electric forces cause like charges to repel and unlike charges to attract according to Coulomb's Law.
2. Atoms contain protons with a positive charge and electrons with a negative charge; objects are neutral when they contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
3. Electric fields are created by electric charges and describe the interaction of electric forces; electric fields can be used to accelerate electrons in devices like x-ray machines and televisions.
4. Capacitors are used to store electric charge and consist of conductive plates separated by an insulator; the amount
"Explore the fascinating world of electrostatics in this PowerPoint presentation, delving into the principles of static electricity, Coulomb's Law, and practical applications, unraveling the mysteries of charged particles and their dynamic interactions."
- Coulomb's law describes the electric force between two point charges. It states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The document discusses various methods of charging objects, including rubbing, conduction, and induction. It also describes the properties of conductors and insulators.
- Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use Coulomb's law to calculate the electric force between charges, including resolving forces into components. Equilibrium situations involving electric forces and other forces are also analyzed.
This document discusses key concepts about electric charge including:
- Charges of the same sign repel and opposite charges attract based on Coulomb's law.
- Conductors allow free movement of charge carriers like electrons, while insulators do not.
- Charge is quantized and can only exist in integer multiples of the elementary charge carried by protons and electrons.
- Charge is conserved in interactions and transformations at both the macro and microscopic level.
- Electric charge exists in two types, positive and negative, and is quantized in units of the elementary charge e. Charges of the same type repel, while opposite charges attract.
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges, directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge exerted on a test charge at some point, and can be used to determine the force on any charge. Electric fields from multiple sources add through superposition.
The following presentation explain about electric charge ,its properties and methods of charging a body .the presentation also explain electrostatic force
This document provides notes on electrostatics. It defines key terms like electrostatics, electric charge, conductors, insulators, semiconductors. It describes properties of electric charge including additivity, quantization, and conservation. Coulomb's law is explained, relating the electrostatic force between two point charges to the product of their charges and the inverse square of the distance between them. The document also compares electrostatic force and gravitational force.
1. Electric charges can be positive or negative, and electric forces cause like charges to repel and unlike charges to attract according to Coulomb's Law.
2. Atoms contain protons with a positive charge and electrons with a negative charge; objects are neutral when they contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
3. Electric fields are created by electric charges and describe the interaction of electric forces; electric fields can be used to accelerate electrons in devices like x-ray machines and televisions.
4. Capacitors are used to store electric charge and consist of conductive plates separated by an insulator; the amount
"Explore the fascinating world of electrostatics in this PowerPoint presentation, delving into the principles of static electricity, Coulomb's Law, and practical applications, unraveling the mysteries of charged particles and their dynamic interactions."
This document discusses electric fields and forces. It explains that electric charge comes from electrons and protons in atoms, and that rubbing materials together can transfer electrons, creating a separation of positive and negative charges. It also describes how conductors, insulators, and semiconductors differ in how easily they allow charge to flow through or remain separated.
The document summarizes key concepts about electric fields, including:
1) Electric fields are defined as the electric force per unit charge exerted by a charged object. An electric field exists in the region around a charged object and any other charges placed in that region will experience a force.
2) The electric field due to a point charge can be calculated using Coulomb's law and decreases with the inverse square of the distance from the charge. The electric field points away from positive charges and toward negative charges.
3) The total electric field at a point due to multiple charges is calculated as the vector sum of the individual electric fields. Continuous charge distributions are treated by dividing the charge into infinitesimal elements.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Find the force between qA and qB using Coulomb's Law:
FAB = k(qAqB/dAB^2) = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(-7.27x10-9 C)(12.36x10-9 C)/(4x10-5 m)^2 = -1.15x10-14 N
2) Find the force between qB and qC:
FBC = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(12.36x10-9 C)(-5.18x10-9 C)/(
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Find the force between qA and qB using Coulomb's Law:
FAB = k(qAqB/dAB^2) = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(-7.27x10-9 C)(12.36x10-9 C)/(4x10-5 m)^2 = -1.14x10-11 N
2) Find the force between qB and qC:
FBC = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(12.36x10-9 C)(-5.18x10-9 C)/(
The document discusses electric charge and its properties. It states that electric charge is an intrinsic property of protons and electrons, with protons having a positive charge and electrons having a negative charge. The magnitude of the charge on a proton equals the magnitude of the charge on an electron. Like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract. Charge is quantized and can only occur in integer multiples of the elementary charge e. The document also discusses how objects can become charged through rubbing, contact, or induction, and introduces Coulomb's law which describes the electric force between two point charges.
1. The document discusses concepts related to electrostatics including electric charge, conductors, insulators, Coulomb's law, and how charge can be transferred or induced in objects.
2. Coulomb's law describes the proportional relationship between the electric force between two point charges and the charges' magnitudes and the distance between them.
3. There are several ways to charge an object, including friction, induction, conduction, and grounding. Charged objects exert forces on each other according to Coulomb's law.
This document discusses several topics in electrical engineering including electrostatic induction, Gauss's law and its applications, dielectric strength, and Coulomb's law. It provides explanations and examples of each topic. For electrostatic induction, it describes how a charged object can induce charges in a nearby neutral conductor. For Gauss's law, it states that the net electric flux through a closed surface equals 1/ε times the enclosed charge. It also discusses how Gauss's law can be used to determine electric fields given charge distributions or vice versa. For dielectric strength, it defines the maximum electric field a material can withstand before breakdown. Finally, it states Coulomb's law relating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic forces between point charges to their separation distance and
The document provides an overview of electromagnetism and various concepts in physics such as electric charge, electric fields, electric potential, capacitors, and dielectrics. It discusses key historical discoveries, fundamental laws and equations, and examples of calculating values for different concepts through problem solving.
Learning Objectives
Define electric charge, and describe how the two types of charge interact.
Desribe three common situations that generate static electricity. State the law of conservation of charge.
Describe three methods for charging an object.
State Coulomb’s law
Describe an electric field diagram of a positive point charge; of a negative point charge with twice the magnitude of positive charge
Draw the electric field lines between two points of the same charge; between two points of opposite charge.
Thank you So much
1. The document discusses Wilhelm Weber's 19th century explanation that a potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is due to a difference in surface charge densities on the conductors. Surface charges accumulate where conductivity changes, like at the interface of a resistor and conductor.
2. It recommends teaching students about surface charges and their relationship to potential difference before introducing the quantitative definition of voltage as energy per unit charge. Examples and demonstrations are needed to illustrate surface charge distributions.
3. Instructions are provided for teaching key concepts like charge, Coulomb's law, how batteries produce surface charges, and how surface charges behave in closed circuits and curved conductors to produce electric fields. Analogies to water pressure differences are suggested
This document discusses electric charge and electrostatics. It covers topics like how charge is conserved, the difference between conductors and insulators, how charge is distributed in atoms, and the four main ways to change the charge of an object. It also explains Coulomb's law, which states that the electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Key terms discussed include coulomb, electron charge, permittivity of free space, and how Coulomb's law can be used to calculate net force between multiple point charges.
The document describes an experiment to estimate the charge induced on two identical Styrofoam balls suspended in a vertical plane using Coulomb's law. The experiment involves measuring the mass of the balls, suspending them from threads of equal length, and inducing a charge on them using a charged glass rod. The distance between the balls is then measured when they are at rest. Using Coulomb's law and the measured values, the induced charge on each ball is calculated. The results show that like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. The document also provides background on Coulomb's law and how it relates to the experiment.
1. The document discusses concepts related to electrostatics including electric potential, electric flux, and electric flux density. It defines these terms and explains concepts like Coulomb's law, electrostatic induction, and the workings of electroscopes.
2. It also covers related magnetic concepts such as magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, and their relationships to electric flux and electric flux density. Magnetic flux is defined as the total number of magnetic field lines passing through a surface, and magnetic flux density is the flux per unit area.
3. Various equations are provided for calculating electric potential difference, electric flux, magnetic flux, and magnetic flux density. Key terms like tesla, weber, and other units are also defined.
This document discusses various topics in electrostatics including:
1) Electric charge can be positive or negative and like charges repel while unlike charges attract.
2) Charge is conserved meaning the total amount of charge in a system remains constant during interactions and transformations.
3) The coulomb is the SI unit for electric charge and small amounts are measured in microcoulombs. The elementary charge is the smallest unit of charge possible.
4) Materials can be conductors, insulators or semiconductors depending on how freely charge can flow through them.
This document provides an overview of 4 lessons on electricity and magnetism:
Lesson 1 introduces electric charge and static electricity, including how objects become charged through friction or conduction.
Lesson 2 explains Coulomb's Law, which describes the electric force between two point charges.
Lesson 3 defines electric fields as physical fields that exert forces on charged particles. It discusses electric field lines and how they indicate the direction and strength of electric fields.
Lesson 4 introduces electric potential and electric potential energy, including how more energy is required to move a charge through a stronger electric field or further in an electric field.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
1) An electric field exists around charged objects and is defined as the electric force experienced by a small test charge placed in that region divided by the test charge.
2) The direction of the electric field is the direction the test charge would experience a force. A positive test charge would feel a force in the direction of the field.
3) If the test charge is replaced with an equal but opposite charge, the direction of the force on the test charge would reverse but the magnitude of the electric field would remain the same.
The document discusses the transition from discrete atomic energy levels to energy bands in crystalline solids. As atoms come together to form a crystal lattice, the discrete energy levels of individual atoms broaden and overlap, forming continuous bands of allowed energies separated by forbidden gaps. Electrons near the top of the valence band can be excited into the conduction band, where they behave as free particles able to move through the solid and conduct electricity. Covalent bonding between atoms is also explained using the concept of energy bands.
ELECTRON-theory ppt industrials arts part2GalangRoxanne
Electron theory aims to explain the structure and properties of matter through its electronic structure. It states that all matter is comprised of molecules made up of atoms, which contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons play a key role in electricity as their movement constitutes electric current. Within atoms, electrons exist in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus, and their behavior is described by quantum mechanics.
1) Experiments with cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the electron as a negatively charged fundamental particle.
2) Further experiments showed that atoms are mostly empty space and contain a small, dense nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, around which electrons orbit.
3) The photoelectric effect showed that light behaves as a particle (photon) rather than just a wave, transferring its energy in discrete quantized amounts to electrons and ejecting them from metal surfaces.
Feature engineering is an important step in machine learning that involves transforming raw data into features better suited for building models. It includes techniques like feature selection, extraction, transformation, encoding, and augmentation. Feature selection involves choosing the most relevant existing features, while extraction creates new features from existing ones. The goal is to improve model performance by reducing noise and bias from irrelevant or redundant features.
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are a type of neural network commonly used for analyzing visual imagery. They work by using convolutional layers that extract features from images using small filters that slide across the input. Pooling layers then reduce the spatial size of representations to reduce computation. Multiple convolutional and pooling layers are followed by fully connected layers that perform classification. Key aspects of DCNNs include activation functions, dropout layers, hyperparameters like filter size and number of layers, and training for many epochs with techniques like early stopping.
This document discusses electric fields and forces. It explains that electric charge comes from electrons and protons in atoms, and that rubbing materials together can transfer electrons, creating a separation of positive and negative charges. It also describes how conductors, insulators, and semiconductors differ in how easily they allow charge to flow through or remain separated.
The document summarizes key concepts about electric fields, including:
1) Electric fields are defined as the electric force per unit charge exerted by a charged object. An electric field exists in the region around a charged object and any other charges placed in that region will experience a force.
2) The electric field due to a point charge can be calculated using Coulomb's law and decreases with the inverse square of the distance from the charge. The electric field points away from positive charges and toward negative charges.
3) The total electric field at a point due to multiple charges is calculated as the vector sum of the individual electric fields. Continuous charge distributions are treated by dividing the charge into infinitesimal elements.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Find the force between qA and qB using Coulomb's Law:
FAB = k(qAqB/dAB^2) = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(-7.27x10-9 C)(12.36x10-9 C)/(4x10-5 m)^2 = -1.15x10-14 N
2) Find the force between qB and qC:
FBC = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(12.36x10-9 C)(-5.18x10-9 C)/(
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1) Find the force between qA and qB using Coulomb's Law:
FAB = k(qAqB/dAB^2) = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(-7.27x10-9 C)(12.36x10-9 C)/(4x10-5 m)^2 = -1.14x10-11 N
2) Find the force between qB and qC:
FBC = (8.99x10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(12.36x10-9 C)(-5.18x10-9 C)/(
The document discusses electric charge and its properties. It states that electric charge is an intrinsic property of protons and electrons, with protons having a positive charge and electrons having a negative charge. The magnitude of the charge on a proton equals the magnitude of the charge on an electron. Like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract. Charge is quantized and can only occur in integer multiples of the elementary charge e. The document also discusses how objects can become charged through rubbing, contact, or induction, and introduces Coulomb's law which describes the electric force between two point charges.
1. The document discusses concepts related to electrostatics including electric charge, conductors, insulators, Coulomb's law, and how charge can be transferred or induced in objects.
2. Coulomb's law describes the proportional relationship between the electric force between two point charges and the charges' magnitudes and the distance between them.
3. There are several ways to charge an object, including friction, induction, conduction, and grounding. Charged objects exert forces on each other according to Coulomb's law.
This document discusses several topics in electrical engineering including electrostatic induction, Gauss's law and its applications, dielectric strength, and Coulomb's law. It provides explanations and examples of each topic. For electrostatic induction, it describes how a charged object can induce charges in a nearby neutral conductor. For Gauss's law, it states that the net electric flux through a closed surface equals 1/ε times the enclosed charge. It also discusses how Gauss's law can be used to determine electric fields given charge distributions or vice versa. For dielectric strength, it defines the maximum electric field a material can withstand before breakdown. Finally, it states Coulomb's law relating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic forces between point charges to their separation distance and
The document provides an overview of electromagnetism and various concepts in physics such as electric charge, electric fields, electric potential, capacitors, and dielectrics. It discusses key historical discoveries, fundamental laws and equations, and examples of calculating values for different concepts through problem solving.
Learning Objectives
Define electric charge, and describe how the two types of charge interact.
Desribe three common situations that generate static electricity. State the law of conservation of charge.
Describe three methods for charging an object.
State Coulomb’s law
Describe an electric field diagram of a positive point charge; of a negative point charge with twice the magnitude of positive charge
Draw the electric field lines between two points of the same charge; between two points of opposite charge.
Thank you So much
1. The document discusses Wilhelm Weber's 19th century explanation that a potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is due to a difference in surface charge densities on the conductors. Surface charges accumulate where conductivity changes, like at the interface of a resistor and conductor.
2. It recommends teaching students about surface charges and their relationship to potential difference before introducing the quantitative definition of voltage as energy per unit charge. Examples and demonstrations are needed to illustrate surface charge distributions.
3. Instructions are provided for teaching key concepts like charge, Coulomb's law, how batteries produce surface charges, and how surface charges behave in closed circuits and curved conductors to produce electric fields. Analogies to water pressure differences are suggested
This document discusses electric charge and electrostatics. It covers topics like how charge is conserved, the difference between conductors and insulators, how charge is distributed in atoms, and the four main ways to change the charge of an object. It also explains Coulomb's law, which states that the electric force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. Key terms discussed include coulomb, electron charge, permittivity of free space, and how Coulomb's law can be used to calculate net force between multiple point charges.
The document describes an experiment to estimate the charge induced on two identical Styrofoam balls suspended in a vertical plane using Coulomb's law. The experiment involves measuring the mass of the balls, suspending them from threads of equal length, and inducing a charge on them using a charged glass rod. The distance between the balls is then measured when they are at rest. Using Coulomb's law and the measured values, the induced charge on each ball is calculated. The results show that like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. The document also provides background on Coulomb's law and how it relates to the experiment.
1. The document discusses concepts related to electrostatics including electric potential, electric flux, and electric flux density. It defines these terms and explains concepts like Coulomb's law, electrostatic induction, and the workings of electroscopes.
2. It also covers related magnetic concepts such as magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, and their relationships to electric flux and electric flux density. Magnetic flux is defined as the total number of magnetic field lines passing through a surface, and magnetic flux density is the flux per unit area.
3. Various equations are provided for calculating electric potential difference, electric flux, magnetic flux, and magnetic flux density. Key terms like tesla, weber, and other units are also defined.
This document discusses various topics in electrostatics including:
1) Electric charge can be positive or negative and like charges repel while unlike charges attract.
2) Charge is conserved meaning the total amount of charge in a system remains constant during interactions and transformations.
3) The coulomb is the SI unit for electric charge and small amounts are measured in microcoulombs. The elementary charge is the smallest unit of charge possible.
4) Materials can be conductors, insulators or semiconductors depending on how freely charge can flow through them.
This document provides an overview of 4 lessons on electricity and magnetism:
Lesson 1 introduces electric charge and static electricity, including how objects become charged through friction or conduction.
Lesson 2 explains Coulomb's Law, which describes the electric force between two point charges.
Lesson 3 defines electric fields as physical fields that exert forces on charged particles. It discusses electric field lines and how they indicate the direction and strength of electric fields.
Lesson 4 introduces electric potential and electric potential energy, including how more energy is required to move a charge through a stronger electric field or further in an electric field.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
1) An electric field exists around charged objects and is defined as the electric force experienced by a small test charge placed in that region divided by the test charge.
2) The direction of the electric field is the direction the test charge would experience a force. A positive test charge would feel a force in the direction of the field.
3) If the test charge is replaced with an equal but opposite charge, the direction of the force on the test charge would reverse but the magnitude of the electric field would remain the same.
The document discusses the transition from discrete atomic energy levels to energy bands in crystalline solids. As atoms come together to form a crystal lattice, the discrete energy levels of individual atoms broaden and overlap, forming continuous bands of allowed energies separated by forbidden gaps. Electrons near the top of the valence band can be excited into the conduction band, where they behave as free particles able to move through the solid and conduct electricity. Covalent bonding between atoms is also explained using the concept of energy bands.
ELECTRON-theory ppt industrials arts part2GalangRoxanne
Electron theory aims to explain the structure and properties of matter through its electronic structure. It states that all matter is comprised of molecules made up of atoms, which contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons play a key role in electricity as their movement constitutes electric current. Within atoms, electrons exist in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus, and their behavior is described by quantum mechanics.
1) Experiments with cathode ray tubes led to the discovery of the electron as a negatively charged fundamental particle.
2) Further experiments showed that atoms are mostly empty space and contain a small, dense nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, around which electrons orbit.
3) The photoelectric effect showed that light behaves as a particle (photon) rather than just a wave, transferring its energy in discrete quantized amounts to electrons and ejecting them from metal surfaces.
Feature engineering is an important step in machine learning that involves transforming raw data into features better suited for building models. It includes techniques like feature selection, extraction, transformation, encoding, and augmentation. Feature selection involves choosing the most relevant existing features, while extraction creates new features from existing ones. The goal is to improve model performance by reducing noise and bias from irrelevant or redundant features.
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are a type of neural network commonly used for analyzing visual imagery. They work by using convolutional layers that extract features from images using small filters that slide across the input. Pooling layers then reduce the spatial size of representations to reduce computation. Multiple convolutional and pooling layers are followed by fully connected layers that perform classification. Key aspects of DCNNs include activation functions, dropout layers, hyperparameters like filter size and number of layers, and training for many epochs with techniques like early stopping.
The document describes electric potential and how it relates to electric potential energy and electric field. It defines electric potential (V) as the electric potential energy per unit charge at a point. V is a scalar quantity. The potential difference between two points is equal to the work done by the electric field to move a test charge between the points. Equipotential surfaces connect all points of equal potential. The potential due to a point charge or group of point charges can be calculated using equations provided.
This document outlines key concepts from a chapter on Coulomb's law, including:
1) Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles and its dependence on their charges and distance.
2) Electric charge is quantized and can only take on integer multiples of the elementary charge.
3) The net electric charge is always conserved in isolated systems. Examples of processes involving conservation of charge like particle annihilation and pair production are provided.
This document summarizes key concepts about electric charge and Coulomb's law:
1. Electric charge is a fundamental property of particles that comes with attraction and repulsion forces. Most objects contain equal positive and negative charges, making them electrically neutral.
2. Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles. The force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
3. Examples show how to calculate the net electrostatic force on a particle from multiple nearby charged particles using vector addition and Coulomb's law. Charge is quantized in discrete integer multiples of the elementary charge.
The document discusses sequences and summations. It provides examples and definitions of different types of sequences such as arithmetic and geometric sequences. It also discusses recurrence relations, which express a term in a sequence based on prior terms. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding terms of sequences given a recurrence relation. The document is a lecture on discrete mathematics concepts related to sequences.
This document discusses mathematical induction. It defines induction as generalizing statements from facts and provides two steps to prove a statement P(n) is true for all natural numbers n: 1) the basis step verifies P(1) is true, and 2) the inductive step shows P(k) implies P(k+1) is true for all positive integers k. Several examples are provided to illustrate these steps, such as proving formulas for the sum of the first n positive integers and odd integers, and the sum of terms in a geometric progression.
1) The document discusses functions and provides examples of different types of functions including one-to-one functions, onto functions, bijections, and inverse functions.
2) It also gives examples of specifying functions using ordered pairs, formulas, and computer programs. Functions can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided.
3) The key aspects of a function are its domain, codomain, and range. A function is one-to-one if each element in the codomain has a unique pre-image, onto if each element in the codomain is the image of some pre-image, and a bijection if it is both one-to-one and onto.
The document discusses set operations such as union, intersection, difference, and complement. It defines each operation formally and provides examples. Properties of each operation are described, such as the commutative, associative, identity and domination laws. Disjoint sets are defined as sets whose intersection is the empty set. The cardinality of the union and intersection of finite sets A and B is discussed. Methods for proving set identities are presented, including using basic set identities, subset proofs, and set builder notation.
This document provides an overview of sets and related concepts in discrete mathematics. Some key points covered include:
- A set is an unordered collection of distinct objects. Sets can contain numbers, words, or other sets. Order and duplicates do not matter.
- Sets are specified using curly brackets and listing elements, set-builder notation, ellipses, or capital letters. Membership is denoted using the symbol ∈.
- Basic set relationships include subsets, proper subsets, equality, the empty set, unions, and intersections. Power sets contain all possible subsets.
- Tuples are ordered lists used to specify locations in n-dimensional spaces. Cartesian products combine elements from multiple sets into ordered pairs
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
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Anny Serafina Love - Letter of Recommendation by Kellen Harkins, MS.AnnySerafinaLove
This letter, written by Kellen Harkins, Course Director at Full Sail University, commends Anny Love's exemplary performance in the Video Sharing Platforms class. It highlights her dedication, willingness to challenge herself, and exceptional skills in production, editing, and marketing across various video platforms like YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
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Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
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As a business owner, I understand the importance of having a strong online presence and leveraging various digital platforms to reach and engage with your target audience. One often overlooked yet highly valuable asset in this regard is the humble Yahoo account. While many may perceive Yahoo as a relic of the past, the truth is that these accounts still hold immense potential for businesses of all sizes.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
3. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
• 21.01 Distinguish between being
electrically neutral, negatively
charged, and positively charged
and identify excess charge.
• 21.02 Distinguish between
conductors, nonconductors
(insulators), semiconductors,
and superconductors.
• 21.03 Describe the electrical
properties of the particles in-
side an atom.
• 21.04 Identify conduction electrons
and explain their role in making a
conducting object negatively or
positively charged.
• 21.05 Identify what is meant by
“electrically isolated” and by
“grounding.”
• 21.06 Explain how a charged object
can set up induced charge in a
second object.
• 21.07 Identify that charges with the
same electrical sign repel each other
and those with opposite electrical
signs attract each other.
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Learning Objectives
4. • 21.08 For either of the particles
in a pair of charged particles,
draw a free-body diagram,
showing the electrostatic force
(Coulomb force) on it and
anchoring the tail of the force
vector on that particle.
• 21.09 For either of the particles
in a pair of charged particles,
applyCoulomb’s law to relate the
magnitude of the electro- static
force, the charge magnitudes of
the particles, and the separation
between the particles.
• 21.10 Identify that Coulomb’s law
applies only to (point-like) particles
and objects that can be treated as
particles.
• 21.11 If more than one force acts on
a particle, find the net force by
adding all the forces as vectors, not
scalars.
• 21.12 Identify that a shell of
uniform charge attracts or repels a
charged particle that is outside the
shell as if all the shell’s charge were
concentrated as a particle at the
shell’s center.
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Learning Objectives (Contd.)
21-1 Coulomb’s Law
5. • 21.13 Identify that if a charged
particle is located inside a shell of
uniform charge, there is no net
electrostatic force on the particle
from the shell.
• 21.14 Identify that if excess
charge is put on a spherical
conductor, it spreads out
uniformly over the external
surface area.
• 21.15 Identify that if two
identical spherical conductors
touch or are connected by
conducting wire, any excess
charge will be shared equally.
• 21.16 Identify that a non-
conducting object can have any
given distribution of charge,
including charge at interior points.
• 21.17 Identify current as the rate
at which charge moves through a
point.
• 21.18 For current through a point,
apply the relationship between
the current, a time interval, and
the amount of charge that moves
through the point in that time
interval.
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Learning Objectives (Contd.)
21-1 Coulomb’s Law
6. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Magic?
(a) The two glass rods were each rubbed with a silk
cloth and one was suspended by thread. When
they are close to each other, they repel each other.
(b) The plastic rod was rubbed with fur.When brought
close to the glass rod, the rods attract each other.
7. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Electric Charge
(a) Two charged rods of the same sign repel each
other.
(b) Two charged rods of opposite signs attract each
other. Plus signs indicate a positive net charge, and
minus signs indicate a negative net charge.
8. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Materials classified based on their ability to move
charge
• Conductors are materials in which a significant number of electrons are free to
move. Examples include metals.
• The charged particles in nonconductors (insulators) are not free to move.
Examples include rubber, plastic, glass.
• Semiconductors are materials that are intermediate between conductors and
insulators; examples include silicon and germanium in computer chips.
• Superconductors are materials that are perfect conductors, allowing charge to
move without any hindrance.
9. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
• Charged Particles. The properties of conductors and insulators are due to the
structure and electrical nature of atoms. Atoms consist of positively charged
protons, negatively charged electrons, and electrically neutral neutrons.The
protons and neutrons are packed tightly together in a central nucleus and do not
move.
• When atoms of a conductor like copper come together to form the solid, some
of their outermost—and so most loosely held—electrons become free to wander
about within the solid, leaving behind positively charged atoms ( positive ions).
We call the mobile electrons conduction electrons.There are few (if any) free
electrons in a nonconductor.
Induced Charge. A neutral copper rod is electrically isolated from its
surroundings by being suspended on a non-conducting thread. Either
end of the copper rod will be attracted by a charged rod. Here,
conduction electrons in the copper rod are repelled to the far end of
that rod by the negative charge on the plastic rod.Then that negative
charge attracts the remaining positive charge on the near end of the
copper rod, rotating the copper rod to bring that near end closer to the
plastic rod.
10. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Coulomb’s Law
The electrostatic force on particle 1
can be described in terms of a unit
vector r along an axis through the two
particles, radially away from particle 2.
Coulomb’s law describes the electrostatic force (or
electric force) between two charged particles. If the
particles have charges q1 and q2, are separated by
distance r, and are at rest (or moving only slowly)
relative to each other, then the magnitude
of the force acting on each due to the other is
given by
where ε0 = 8.85 ×10-12 C2/N.m2 is the permittivity constant.The ratio 1/4πε0 is often
replaced with the electrostatic constant (or Coulomb constant) k=8.99×109 N.m2/C2.
Thus k = 1/4πε0 .
11. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
• The electrostatic force vector acting on a
charged particle due to a second charged
particle is either directly toward the second
particle (opposite signs of charge) or directly
away from it (same sign of charge).
• If multiple electrostatic forces act on a particle,
the net force is the vector sum (not scalar sum)
of the individual forces.
Coulomb’s Law
Two charged particles repel each other if
they have the same sign of charge, either
(a) both positive or (b) both negative. (c)
They attract each other if they have
opposite signs of charge.
12. 21-1 Coulomb’s Law
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Multiple Forces: If multiple electrostatic forces act on a particle, the net force is the
vector sum (not scalar sum) of the individual forces.
ShellTheories: There are two shell theories for electrostatic force
Answer: (a) left towards the electron
(b) left away from the other proton
(c) left
13. 21-2 Charge is Quantized
• 21.19 Identify the elementary
charge.
• 21.20 Identify that the charge of
a particle or object must be a
positive or negative integer
times the elementary charge.
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Learning Objectives
14. 21-2 Charge is Quantized
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
• Electric charge is quantized (restricted to certain values).
• The charge of a particle can be written as ne, where n is a positive or negative integer
and e is the elementary charge. Any positive or negative charge q that can be detected
can be written as
in which e, the elementary charge, has the approximate value
15. 21-2 Charge is Quantized
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
When a physical quantity such as charge can have only discrete values rather
than any value, we say that the quantity is quantized. It is possible, for
example, to find a particle that has no charge at all or a charge of +10e or -6e,
but not a particle with a charge of, say, 3.57e.
Answer: -15e
16. 21-3 Charge is Conserved
• 21.21 Identify that in any
isolated physical process, the
net charge cannot change (the
net charge is always
conserved).
• 21.22 Identify an annihilation
process of particles and a pair
production of particles.
• 21.23 Identify mass number
and atomic number in terms of
the number of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Learning Objectives
17. 21-3 Charge is Conserved
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
The net electric charge of any isolated system is always
conserved.
If two charged particles undergo an annihilation process, they
have equal and opposite signs of charge.
If two charged particles appear as a result of a pair production
process, they have equal and opposite signs of charge.
A photograph of trails of bubbles left in a bubble chamber by an electron and a positron. The pair
of particles was produced by a gamma ray that entered the chamber directly from the bottom.
Being electrically neutral, the gamma ray did not generate a telltale trail of bubbles along its
path, as the electron and positron did.
18. 21 Summary
Applied Physics for BSCS Semester First
Electric Charge
• The strength of a particle’s electrical
interaction with objects around it
depends on its electric charge, which
can be either positive or negative.
Conductors and Insulators
• Conductors are materials in which a
significant number of electrons are
free to move. The charged particles in
nonconductors (insulators) are not
free to move.
Coulomb’s Law
• The magnitude of the electrical force
between two charged particles is
proportional to the product of their
charges and inversely proportional to
the square of their separation
distance.
• . Eq. 21-4
The Elementary Charge
• Electric charge is quantized
(restricted to certain values).
• e is the elementary charge
Eq. 21-12
Conservation of Charge
• The net electric charge of any isolated
system is always conserved.