This document provides an overview of research approaches and methods of data collection in psychology. It discusses quantitative research designs like experimental, quasi-experimental, longitudinal, and cross-sectional studies. It also reviews qualitative research and major methods of data collection in psychology like tests, questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, observation, and existing data. The document compares different research designs and data collection methods.
Internet researchers often rely on traditional survey methods to collect data about technology usage and its correlates. However, developing a survey that yields usable data is not as simple as it seems. This session will review survey design methods in order to obtain “bulletproof” findings. Topics will include question selection, writing good questions, survey length, sampling techniques, branching, coding data, and more.
Internet researchers often rely on traditional survey methods to collect data about technology usage and its correlates. However, developing a survey that yields usable data is not as simple as it seems. This session will review survey design methods in order to obtain “bulletproof” findings. Topics will include question selection, writing good questions, survey length, sampling techniques, branching, coding data, and more.
Descriptive research-Different types of survey by Dr. Neha DeoNeha Deo
In the Educational Research, the most popular method is the descriptive method. this method is related with the present situation.
in descriptive research different types of surveys are included.
Lecture 13 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College.
Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha DeoNeha Deo
While conducting research, a researcher has to use different techniques & tools of data collection. Observation technique is very important for quantitative as well as qualitative research. In the observation technique, there are two important tools- a checklist & a rating scale. In this presentation, Observation technique & checklist-related information is given.
A brief introduction to the research process for the student and teacher nurses. Please refer the books for details of the topic nursing research. kindly visit and subscribed my YouTube channel ' Bhuman '. Thank You !!
Introduction
Study design in qualitative research
Method of data collection
Handling qualitative data
Analyzing qualitative data
Presenting the results of qualitative research
Descriptive research-Different types of survey by Dr. Neha DeoNeha Deo
In the Educational Research, the most popular method is the descriptive method. this method is related with the present situation.
in descriptive research different types of surveys are included.
Lecture 13 from a college level research methods in psychology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Linfield College.
Checklist as a tool of data collection -by Dr. Neha DeoNeha Deo
While conducting research, a researcher has to use different techniques & tools of data collection. Observation technique is very important for quantitative as well as qualitative research. In the observation technique, there are two important tools- a checklist & a rating scale. In this presentation, Observation technique & checklist-related information is given.
A brief introduction to the research process for the student and teacher nurses. Please refer the books for details of the topic nursing research. kindly visit and subscribed my YouTube channel ' Bhuman '. Thank You !!
Introduction
Study design in qualitative research
Method of data collection
Handling qualitative data
Analyzing qualitative data
Presenting the results of qualitative research
Specific steps guide the research process
Number of steps is indeterminate
Various steps may be combined
Order of steps may vary somewhat
Importance of specific steps is variable
“12 Steps of Research”
Steps in Conducting Research
Business Research Method - Unit II, AKTU, Lucknow SyllabusKartikeya Singh
Business Research Methods, Unit II, AKTU, Lucknow Syllabus.
Research Methodology, Topics Covered - Research design: Concept, Features of a good research design, Use of a good research design; Qualitative and Quantitative research approaches, Comparison – Pros and Cons of both approaches.
Exploratory Research Design: Concept, Types: Qualitative techniques – Projective Techniques, Depth Interview, Experience Survey, Focus Groups, Observation.
Descriptive Research Designs: Concept, types and uses. Concept of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Research
Experimental Design: Concept of Cause, Causal relationships, Concept of Independent & Dependent variables, concomitant variable, extraneous variable, Treatment, Control group.
All the concepts related to research design are covered in this PPT Presentation.Research Design being an integral and crucial part of Research majorly deals with Parametric and non-parametric test, Type 1 and type 2 error, level of significance etc.It helps in ascertaining which research technique is used in which situation.
This course is designed to provide postgraduate students with an in-depth analysis of the methods and procedures of research in education. The course will introduce students to qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research approaches in education. Students will develop a broad understanding of these methods and how/when they should be employed. Specific topics will include conceptualizing educational research, constructing measurement instruments, collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, drawing inferences, and writing research proposals. As a depth requirement, students will employ one specific method in the design and possible implementation of a small research study which they will present orally and as a written formal research proposal or article.
2. Roadmap
• Confirm roster
• Quick review of last class
• Finish chapter 2 material
• Where we’re headed:
– Finish ch. 2 today
– Chapter 3 on Thursday
– Next Tuesday: Exam 1
3. Quick Review
• Variables in psychology research
– Types
– Roles
• Quantitative vs. Qualitative research
• Experimental research and causation
– Requirements for claims of causation
• Settings for experimental research
– Pros and cons
4. Where we left off…
• Reminder of qualitative vs. quantitative
• “zoom out”
• Other (non-experimental) quantitative
research designs
5. Nonexperimental Quantitative
Research
• A descriptive type of research study
• Defining characteristic: no IV manipulation
• Goals
– Provide an accurate picture of phenomenon
– Describe size and direction of relationships
among variables
• Question: If we care so much about
causation, why would we use this kind of
research design?
6. Types of Nonexperimental
Quantitative Research
• Correlational Studies
• Natural Manipulation
• Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional
7. Correlational Research
• A study that describes the relationship between
two variables
• The goal is often to help with prediction.
• Remember the 3rd variable problem.
8. Remember:
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
Correlation does not imply causation.
9. Natural Manipulation Research
(a.k.a. quasi-experimental)
• Look at effects of variable(s) not actually under the
experimenter’s control
• Examines the impact of individual difference
variables on an outcome variable
• Individual difference variables are existing
characteristics such as traits, characteristics,
experiences*
– Examples?
11. Longitudinal Research
• A study that repeatedly measures the same
variables in a single sample of individuals over
a set time
• The time period can vary greatly.
• At least two measurement points, but can be
more
12. Cross-sectional Research
• Measure variable(s) across representative
samples of individuals that differ on a
characteristic
• Key: measure all at one time point
13. Comparing Longitudinal and
Cross-Sectional
• Both have benefits and drawbacks:
• Time to complete the study
• Feasibility to complete the study
• Richness of data
• Cohort issues
14. Cohort effects
• Different age groups have different
experiences over time
– Example:
• A group of 10-15 year-olds have always used computers
• A group of 60-65 year-olds did not routinely use
computers until they were adults (and some still may not)
15. Cohort-Sequential Design
• A combination of longitudinal and cross-
sectional designs
• Measures the same characteristics at several
selected time intervals in groups at different
age levels
• Benefits: less time, less cost, lower attrition
16. Example:
• Formation and maintenance of best-
friendships in children as they advance from
2nd grade to 5th grade
• What would this look like in a longitudinal
study?
• Let’s see what a cohort-sequential design
would look like
17. Fall Spring Fall Spring
2012 2013 2013 2014
Group
(Starting Point)
2nd graders 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd
4th graders 4th 4th 5th 5th
• Now you can collect data spanning from 2nd grade
to 5th grade in half the time
19. Qualitative Research
• Interpretive research approach relying on
multiple types of subjective data
• Researcher’s goal: understand observations
from the participant’s perspective
20. Features of Qualitative Research
• Generally occurs in the field or participant’s
natural setting
• Triangulation
• deeper understanding of phenomena
• Research questions may evolve over course of
data collection
21. Major Methods of Data collection
• Techniques used to physically gather information
used to answer research questions
• Tests
• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Focus groups
• Observation
• Existing/ Archival data
22. Tests
• Standardized or researcher-constructed instruments
designed to measure:
– Personality, aptitude, achievement, performance
• Information on reliability, validity, and norms usually
available
• Table 2.3, page 55- benefits/weaknesses
24. Interviews
• Data collection method in which an interviewer asks
the interviewee a series of questions
• Face-to-face, telephone
• Table 2.5, page 58-benefits/weaknesses
25. Focus Groups
• Collection of data in a group situation in which
a moderator leads a discussion with small
group of participants.
• Especially useful for exploring how people
think about an issue
– The difficulties of focus groups
– Table 2.6, page 59-benefits/weaknesses
26. Observation
• Researcher observes and records individuals’
behavior
• Naturalistic—real-world setting
• Laboratory—in a lab or other controlled setting
created by the researcher
• Table 2.7, page 60-benefits and weaknesses
27. Existing or Secondary data
• Collection of data left behind or originally used for
another purpose.
• Documents
• Physical data
• *Archived research data
• Table 2.8, page 61-benefits and weaknesses