The document provides an overview of key concepts in research design, including worldviews, strategies of inquiry, methods, literature reviews, variables, sampling, validity, reliability, experiments, qualitative methods, coding, and strategies for ensuring qualitative reliability and validity. It defines important terminology such as independent and dependent variables, intervening variables, moderating variables, control variables, confounding variables, and sampling terms. It also briefly describes purposes statements, research questions, hypotheses, and types of experiments and qualitative research.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Social Science ResearchPRAKASAM C P
Here Qualitative methods and Quantitative methods used in Social Science research is discussed. Methods such Focus groups, case studies, in-depth interviews, Questioner, Case control and other discussed. Difference in qualitative and quantitative methods
Qualitative Research Questions and MethodologyLevelwing
Big Data isn't just about numbers and charts; qualitative research provides rich insight to help with any business question you may have. This presentation provides an overview of qualitative research methodology and the importance and process of developing scalable research questions. Learn more about Levelwing's research capabilities: http://ow.ly/gcSXU
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Social Science ResearchPRAKASAM C P
Here Qualitative methods and Quantitative methods used in Social Science research is discussed. Methods such Focus groups, case studies, in-depth interviews, Questioner, Case control and other discussed. Difference in qualitative and quantitative methods
Qualitative Research Questions and MethodologyLevelwing
Big Data isn't just about numbers and charts; qualitative research provides rich insight to help with any business question you may have. This presentation provides an overview of qualitative research methodology and the importance and process of developing scalable research questions. Learn more about Levelwing's research capabilities: http://ow.ly/gcSXU
Quantitative Methods of Research-Intro to research
Once a researcher has written the research question, the next step is to determine the appropriate research methodology necessary to study the question. The three main types of research design methods are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
Topics:
Quantitative research
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Strengths of Quantitative Research
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what and how is narrated.
Narrative research can be considered both a research method in itself but also the phenomenon under study.
this presentation file is all about the mixed method design for the research study and for those researchers who actually want to mixed two kinds of methods at a time. i hope it will help you and for your research.
Research Methods in PsychologySurvey Research1Su.docxaudeleypearl
Research Methods in Psychology
Survey Research
1
Survey Research
Survey research
Describe thoughts, opinions, feelings
Allows predictions based on correlations
Questionnaires
Predetermined set of questions
Sample represents a population
Examine survey procedures and analyses for sources of bias
2
Sampling in Survey Research
Use sample to represent the larger population
“Representative”: similar to
Requires careful selection of a sample
Goal: Generalize survey findings from representative sample to the population
3
Basic Terms of Sampling (p. 141)
Population
Set of all cases of interest (e.g., all students on a college campus)
Sampling Frame
List of the members of a population (e.g., registrar’s list of enrolled students)
Sample
Subset of population drawn from sampling frame
Element
Each member of the population
4
Biased Samples
A biased sample
Characteristics of the sample differ systematically from those of the population
Sample over-represents or under-represents segment(s) of a population
Population is 50% urban, 30% suburban, and 20% rural
In a sample of 200 people, which one of the following would be representative? (p. 142)
50 rural, 70 suburban, and 80 urban
20 rural, 85 suburban, and 105 urban
40 rural, 60 suburban, and 100 urban
5
Biased Samples
Two sources
Selection bias
Researcher’s procedures for selecting sample cause bias
Response-rate bias
Individuals selected for the sample do not complete the survey
6
Biased or Unbiased Sample Selection?
A graduate student interested in sports psychology investigates fan reactions to a proposed change in the name of a local sports team to make it more culturally sensitive. As fans exit a game, he selects every 10th person to ask about the proposed name change. From his findings, he concludes: “Local sports fans do not want to see a name change.”
Biased or Unbiased Sample Selection?
A psychology professor offers extra credit for students in her class who attend a campus movie on the topic of adolescent depression and suicide. At the end of the movie a graduate student assistant asks if they liked this way of earning extra credit. Nine out of 10 students raise their hands, and the graduate student reports to the professor: “Almost everyone in your class likes this way of earning extra credit.”
Approaches to Sampling
“Sampling”
Procedures used to obtain a sample
Two basic approaches
Probability sampling
Nonprobability sampling
9
Probability sampling
All members (elements) of population have an equal chance of being selected for the survey
Simple random sample (p. 146)
Random selection, random-digit dialing
Stratified random sample
Divide population into strata and sample proportionally (e.g., freshman, sophomore, etc.)
Improves representativeness of sample
Approaches to Sampling, continued
10
Nonprobability sampling
No guarantee each member of population has an equal chance of being in the sample
“Convenience sampling”
Individuals ar ...
Quantitative Methods of Research-Intro to research
Once a researcher has written the research question, the next step is to determine the appropriate research methodology necessary to study the question. The three main types of research design methods are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods.
Quantitative research involves the systematic collection and analysis of data.
Topics:
Quantitative research
Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Strengths of Quantitative Research
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what and how is narrated.
Narrative research can be considered both a research method in itself but also the phenomenon under study.
this presentation file is all about the mixed method design for the research study and for those researchers who actually want to mixed two kinds of methods at a time. i hope it will help you and for your research.
Research Methods in PsychologySurvey Research1Su.docxaudeleypearl
Research Methods in Psychology
Survey Research
1
Survey Research
Survey research
Describe thoughts, opinions, feelings
Allows predictions based on correlations
Questionnaires
Predetermined set of questions
Sample represents a population
Examine survey procedures and analyses for sources of bias
2
Sampling in Survey Research
Use sample to represent the larger population
“Representative”: similar to
Requires careful selection of a sample
Goal: Generalize survey findings from representative sample to the population
3
Basic Terms of Sampling (p. 141)
Population
Set of all cases of interest (e.g., all students on a college campus)
Sampling Frame
List of the members of a population (e.g., registrar’s list of enrolled students)
Sample
Subset of population drawn from sampling frame
Element
Each member of the population
4
Biased Samples
A biased sample
Characteristics of the sample differ systematically from those of the population
Sample over-represents or under-represents segment(s) of a population
Population is 50% urban, 30% suburban, and 20% rural
In a sample of 200 people, which one of the following would be representative? (p. 142)
50 rural, 70 suburban, and 80 urban
20 rural, 85 suburban, and 105 urban
40 rural, 60 suburban, and 100 urban
5
Biased Samples
Two sources
Selection bias
Researcher’s procedures for selecting sample cause bias
Response-rate bias
Individuals selected for the sample do not complete the survey
6
Biased or Unbiased Sample Selection?
A graduate student interested in sports psychology investigates fan reactions to a proposed change in the name of a local sports team to make it more culturally sensitive. As fans exit a game, he selects every 10th person to ask about the proposed name change. From his findings, he concludes: “Local sports fans do not want to see a name change.”
Biased or Unbiased Sample Selection?
A psychology professor offers extra credit for students in her class who attend a campus movie on the topic of adolescent depression and suicide. At the end of the movie a graduate student assistant asks if they liked this way of earning extra credit. Nine out of 10 students raise their hands, and the graduate student reports to the professor: “Almost everyone in your class likes this way of earning extra credit.”
Approaches to Sampling
“Sampling”
Procedures used to obtain a sample
Two basic approaches
Probability sampling
Nonprobability sampling
9
Probability sampling
All members (elements) of population have an equal chance of being selected for the survey
Simple random sample (p. 146)
Random selection, random-digit dialing
Stratified random sample
Divide population into strata and sample proportionally (e.g., freshman, sophomore, etc.)
Improves representativeness of sample
Approaches to Sampling, continued
10
Nonprobability sampling
No guarantee each member of population has an equal chance of being in the sample
“Convenience sampling”
Individuals ar ...
Dr. Lani discusses all aspects of the dissertation methodology, including: selecting a survey instrument, population, reliability, validity, data analysis plan, and IRB/URR considerations.
This workshop is meant to be an introduction to the systematic review process. Further information about systematic reviews was available through a research guide. http://libguides.ucalgary.ca/content.php?pid=593664
5. Literature Review
Secondary/library research conducted to
situate current study
Important questions:
Can it be researched?
Should it be researched?
Is there any interest in this?
6. Independent & Dependent Variables
situation + independent variable = dependent
variable
SO...
adults over 25 + drink green tea = better
performance on memory test
7. Intervening Variables
situation + independent variable + intervening
variable = dependent variable
adults over 25 + drink green tea + steeped tea
for 15 minutes = better performance on
memory test
8. Moderating Variables
situation + independent variable + intervening
variable = dependent variable
[+moderating variables]
adults over 25 + drink green tea + steeped tea
for 15 minutes = better performance on
memory test
[age x ounces consumed daily]
9. Control Variables
situation + independent variable = dependent
variable
adults over 25 + drink green tea = better
performance on memory test
situation + control variable = dependent
variable
adults over 25 + drink no green tea = no
change in performance on memory test
10. Confounding Variable
situation + independent variable [+
confounding variable] = dependent variable
adults over 25 + drink green tea [+ daily
crossword] = better performance on memory
test
12. Research Questions
central question of project
what or how are generally qualitative
questions
Quintessential ethnography question:
What is happening here?
nondirectional (no cause, impact, influence,
etc.)
14. Sampling Terms
cross-sectional (146)
longitudinal (146)
population (148)
sampling
single-stage or cluster sampling (148)
random sample
convenience sample (148)
stratification (148)
random table list & sample size formula (149)
15. Validity (Experimental)
Does the instrument measure what you want
it to measure? [Think SATs: are they apt
indicators of a student's potential for
college?]
threats to validity (162-165)
16. Reliability (Experimental)
Consistency of scores internally (on the same
instrument), over time, and in the
administration and scoring
Key for Writing Studies: interrater reliability:
will different readers score a piece of writing
the same over time?
17. Experiments
True experiment (uses random sampling) vs.
Quasi experiment (does not use random
sampling) (155)
pre-experiment (no control group) (158)
18. Backyard Research
Studying the researcher's own organization,
friends, work, family, etc. (177)
In Writing Studies, this is a researcher studying
his/her own classroom (teacher research) or
own institution (happens a lot in dissertations
and theses)
19. Methods for qualitative research
observations
interviews
documents
audio/visual artifacts
(182)
