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Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Reference:  Allan G. Bluman (2007)  Elementary Statistics: A Step-by Step Approach .  New York : McGraw Hill
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organizing Data ,[object Object],[object Object]
Organizing Data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No. of data values  contained in a specific class
Types of Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Categorical Frequency Distribution -  Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AB O B A D Percent  C Frequency B Tally A Class
Categorical Frequency Distribution -  Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Type Frequency Distribution -  Example
Grouped Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Lifetimes of Boat Batteries  -  Example 25 25 1 | 58.5 – 65.5 59 – 65 24 6 ||||  | 51.5 – 58.5 52 – 58 18 9 ||||  |||| 44.5 – 51.5 45 – 51 9 5 |||| 37.5 – 44.5 38 – 44  4 1 | 30.5 – 37.5 31 – 37 3 3 ||| 23.5 – 30.5 24 – 30 Cumulative frequency Frequency Tally Class boundaries Class limits
Terms Associated with a Grouped Frequency Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Terms Associated with a Grouped Frequency Distribution
[object Object],Terms Associated with a    Grouped Frequency Distribution
Guidelines for Constructing  a Frequency Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Guidelines for Constructing  a Frequency Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Open-Ended Distribution Example 1 Example 2 8 54 and above 10 43 – 53 4 32 – 42 6 21 – 31 3 10 – 20 Frequency Age 5 125 – 129 14 120 – 124 38 115 – 119 24 110 – 114 16 Below 100 Frequency Minutes
Procedure for Constructing  a Grouped Frequency Distribution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Procedure for Constructing  a Grouped Frequency Distribution
[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
[object Object],[object Object],Grouped Frequency Distribution -  Example
Note:   The dash β€œ-” represents β€œto”.
Ungrouped Frequency Distributions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Number of Miles Traveled  -  Example
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reasons for constructing a frequency distribution
Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
Example of a  Histogram 2 0 1 7 1 4 1 1 8 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 N u m b e r o f C i g a r e t t e s S m o k e d p e r D a y F r e q u e n c y
[object Object],Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
Example of a  Frequency Polygon Frequency Polygon 2 6 2 3 2 0 1 7 1 4 1 1 8 5 2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 N u m b e r o f C i g a r e t t e s S m o k e d p e r D a y F r e q u e n c y
[object Object],Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives
Example of an Ogive Ogive
Other Types of Graphs ,[object Object]
Other Types of Graphs - Pareto Chart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example of a Pareto Chart P a r e t o C h a r t f o r t h e n u m b e r o f C r i m e s I n v e s t i g a t e d b y L a w H o m i c i d e R o b b e r y R a p e Assault 1 3 2 9 3 4 1 6 4 5 . 4 1 2 . 1 1 4 . 2 6 8 . 3 1 0 0 . 0 9 4 . 6 8 2 . 5 6 8 . 3 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 D e f e c t C o u n t P e r c e n t C u m % P e r c e n t C o u n t E n f o r c e ment Officers in U.S. National Parks During 1995.
Other Types of Graphs ,[object Object]
Other Types of Graphs  - Time Series Graph 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 0 8 9 8 7 8 5 8 3 8 1 7 9 7 7 7 5 Y e a r R i d e r s h i p ( i n m i l l i o n s ) P O R T A U T H O R I T Y T R A N S I T R I D E R S H I P
Other Types of Graphs ,[object Object]
Other Types of Graphs  - Pie Graph Robbery (29, 12.1%) Rape (34, 14.2%) Assaults  (164, 68.3%) Homicide  (13, 5.4%) Pie Chart of the Number of Crimes Investigated by Law Enforcement Officers In U.S. National Parks During 1995

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Chapter 2 250110 083240

  • 1. Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Reference: Allan G. Bluman (2007) Elementary Statistics: A Step-by Step Approach . New York : McGraw Hill
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Blood Type Frequency Distribution - Example
  • 9.
  • 10. Lifetimes of Boat Batteries - Example 25 25 1 | 58.5 – 65.5 59 – 65 24 6 |||| | 51.5 – 58.5 52 – 58 18 9 |||| |||| 44.5 – 51.5 45 – 51 9 5 |||| 37.5 – 44.5 38 – 44 4 1 | 30.5 – 37.5 31 – 37 3 3 ||| 23.5 – 30.5 24 – 30 Cumulative frequency Frequency Tally Class boundaries Class limits
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Open-Ended Distribution Example 1 Example 2 8 54 and above 10 43 – 53 4 32 – 42 6 21 – 31 3 10 – 20 Frequency Age 5 125 – 129 14 120 – 124 38 115 – 119 24 110 – 114 16 Below 100 Frequency Minutes
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Note: The dash β€œ-” represents β€œto”.
  • 28.
  • 29. Number of Miles Traveled - Example
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. Example of a Histogram 2 0 1 7 1 4 1 1 8 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 N u m b e r o f C i g a r e t t e s S m o k e d p e r D a y F r e q u e n c y
  • 34.
  • 35. Example of a Frequency Polygon Frequency Polygon 2 6 2 3 2 0 1 7 1 4 1 1 8 5 2 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 N u m b e r o f C i g a r e t t e s S m o k e d p e r D a y F r e q u e n c y
  • 36.
  • 37. Example of an Ogive Ogive
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. Example of a Pareto Chart P a r e t o C h a r t f o r t h e n u m b e r o f C r i m e s I n v e s t i g a t e d b y L a w H o m i c i d e R o b b e r y R a p e Assault 1 3 2 9 3 4 1 6 4 5 . 4 1 2 . 1 1 4 . 2 6 8 . 3 1 0 0 . 0 9 4 . 6 8 2 . 5 6 8 . 3 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 D e f e c t C o u n t P e r c e n t C u m % P e r c e n t C o u n t E n f o r c e ment Officers in U.S. National Parks During 1995.
  • 41.
  • 42. Other Types of Graphs - Time Series Graph 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 0 8 9 8 7 8 5 8 3 8 1 7 9 7 7 7 5 Y e a r R i d e r s h i p ( i n m i l l i o n s ) P O R T A U T H O R I T Y T R A N S I T R I D E R S H I P
  • 43.
  • 44. Other Types of Graphs - Pie Graph Robbery (29, 12.1%) Rape (34, 14.2%) Assaults (164, 68.3%) Homicide (13, 5.4%) Pie Chart of the Number of Crimes Investigated by Law Enforcement Officers In U.S. National Parks During 1995