Physical touch ranges from functional to intimate depending on cultural norms. In the US, friendly and polite touching is usually acceptable but intimate contact requires consent. Paralanguage includes vocal tones and qualities like laughter which can have different meanings cross-culturally. Proxemics examines people's use of space which communicates approachability and is influenced by demographics and culture, with closer distances generally indicating easier communication. How cultures approach time and environments also varies as some prefer focusing on one task at a time while others can handle multiple activities simultaneously.

1. Chapter 12, part 3 Communicating Nonverbally Interculturally