The social context and user of a language determines the register, or variety of language used. Registers depend on factors like formality and the social setting. Different registers are used for different occupations and situations, like legal language versus medical language. One aspect that affects register is the formality scale, ranging from frozen/formal language to casual/intimate styles. The relationship between participants also impacts formality, as different forms of address are used depending on the context. Language varies across lexical, grammatical, and phonological levels based on the social context and register.
This document summarizes Ruth Wodak's Discourse Historical Model approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses how CDA highlights the relationship between social power relations and discourse. It also notes that CDA is not a single theory but a diverse research program. The Discourse Historical Approach is problem-oriented and interdisciplinary. It integrates historical context and explores how discourse changes over time. According to this approach, language is social and interconnected with power dynamics, ideologies, interactions, and interpretations.
This document discusses issues and challenges in using discourse analysis to analyze news media content. It defines discourse analysis and outlines three key frameworks: Foucault's system of representation, van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach, and Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. It critiques these frameworks and suggests they neglect factors like the origins of competing discourses, external influences on media, and audience reception. The document advocates a comprehensive approach analyzing media texts, their production processes, and how meanings circulate and are reproduced through audiences.
The document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It explains that identity is multifaceted and expressed through factors like accent, vocabulary, and naming practices. How people address each other and what pronouns they use can indicate social relationships and group membership. Language use helps people both construct their own identities and categorize others as belonging to certain social groups or not. Identity involves complex interactions between individual, social, and political identities shaped by language.
This document discusses discourse structure and conversation analysis. It defines conversation as a less formal type of discourse involving small numbers of participants where turns are short. Conversation analysis examines patterns in natural conversation data and how participants negotiate turn-taking through linguistic and non-linguistic signals. Turn-taking involves adjacency pairs, insertion sequences where other topics are briefly discussed, and repairs to clarify meaning. The document presents discourse as a process that is constructed through participant interaction and turn-taking signals.
This document discusses linguistic and social inequality. It begins by introducing the concept of linguistic inequality and how people's language use varies based on their social status. It then describes two main types of linguistic inequality: 1) Subjective inequality, which relates to perceptions and prejudices about others' speech, and 2) Communicative inequality, which involves knowledge of appropriate language use. The document goes on to discuss linguistic prejudice in more detail, how it manifests in educational settings, and how speech can influence stereotypes and social judgments.
The social context and user of a language determines the register, or variety of language used. Registers depend on factors like formality and the social setting. Different registers are used for different occupations and situations, like legal language versus medical language. One aspect that affects register is the formality scale, ranging from frozen/formal language to casual/intimate styles. The relationship between participants also impacts formality, as different forms of address are used depending on the context. Language varies across lexical, grammatical, and phonological levels based on the social context and register.
This document summarizes Ruth Wodak's Discourse Historical Model approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses how CDA highlights the relationship between social power relations and discourse. It also notes that CDA is not a single theory but a diverse research program. The Discourse Historical Approach is problem-oriented and interdisciplinary. It integrates historical context and explores how discourse changes over time. According to this approach, language is social and interconnected with power dynamics, ideologies, interactions, and interpretations.
This document discusses issues and challenges in using discourse analysis to analyze news media content. It defines discourse analysis and outlines three key frameworks: Foucault's system of representation, van Dijk's socio-cognitive approach, and Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. It critiques these frameworks and suggests they neglect factors like the origins of competing discourses, external influences on media, and audience reception. The document advocates a comprehensive approach analyzing media texts, their production processes, and how meanings circulate and are reproduced through audiences.
The document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It explains that identity is multifaceted and expressed through factors like accent, vocabulary, and naming practices. How people address each other and what pronouns they use can indicate social relationships and group membership. Language use helps people both construct their own identities and categorize others as belonging to certain social groups or not. Identity involves complex interactions between individual, social, and political identities shaped by language.
This document discusses discourse structure and conversation analysis. It defines conversation as a less formal type of discourse involving small numbers of participants where turns are short. Conversation analysis examines patterns in natural conversation data and how participants negotiate turn-taking through linguistic and non-linguistic signals. Turn-taking involves adjacency pairs, insertion sequences where other topics are briefly discussed, and repairs to clarify meaning. The document presents discourse as a process that is constructed through participant interaction and turn-taking signals.
This document discusses linguistic and social inequality. It begins by introducing the concept of linguistic inequality and how people's language use varies based on their social status. It then describes two main types of linguistic inequality: 1) Subjective inequality, which relates to perceptions and prejudices about others' speech, and 2) Communicative inequality, which involves knowledge of appropriate language use. The document goes on to discuss linguistic prejudice in more detail, how it manifests in educational settings, and how speech can influence stereotypes and social judgments.
Sociolinguistics and Language TeachingSheng Nuesca
Language teaching is connected with sociolinguistics in many ways. Different social factors affect language teaching and language learning.
Social factors such as situation, context, and social setting that has roles in language teaching. It describes the main factors which influence linguistic choices and explains how well contemporary teaching can take account of them.
This document discusses language variation and regional dialects. It begins by defining standard languages and noting examples like Standard American English. It describes how accents and dialects are used to analyze differences in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation between regions. Key concepts discussed include dialectology, using linguistic features to define dialect boundaries and continua. The document also covers related topics like bilingualism, diglossia, language planning, and the development of pidgins and creoles.
Teun Adrianus van Dijk is a Dutch scholar born in 1943 who has contributed significantly to the fields of text linguistics, discourse analysis, and critical discourse analysis. He founded six international journals focused on these topics. His work has focused on how racism is reproduced through the language of politicians, journalists, and scholars. His model of context, social cognition, and memory examines how the social context influences discourse through an interface of social cognition and memory that allows semantic representations to take on social meaning.
1. Standard English is the variety used in printed materials like newspapers and books, and is the variety typically taught as a second language.
2. All language users speak with an accent and dialect, with accent describing aspects of pronunciation and dialect describing grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation variations.
3. Isoglosses represent boundaries between linguistic features in dialects, and clusters of isoglosses define dialect boundaries across regions.
This document defines sociolinguistics and discusses various aspects of language variation. Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines how people vary their language use across different social contexts and how language conveys social meanings. The document also discusses standard and non-standard language varieties, language variation in terms of both users and uses, and other types of language variation including dialect, register, accent, bilingualism/multilingualism, lingua franca, pidgin/creole, and code switching/mixing.
Aims of DHA:
The DHA attempts to integrate a outsized quantity of
available knowledge about the historical sources and the
background of the social and political fields in which
discursive “events” are embedded.
Further, it analyzes the historical dimension of discursive
actions by exploring the ways in which particular genres
of discourse are subject to diachronic change.
DHA lays emphasis on the practice-related quality of the
discourse, the context dependence of discourse, and the
structures as well as constructive character of discourses.
DHA focuses on the systematic analysis of context and its
dialectical relationships to meaning-making process.
This approach entails trans-disciplinary and multitheoretical methods with other disciplines.
Like the other critical anlysts, the proponents of DHA
make practical claims of emancipation and criticize
discursively constituted power abuse, injustice, and social
discrimination and they make epistemic claims of
reduction.
DHA sustains that language is not powerful on its own, it
is a means to gain and maintain power by the powerful
people make use of it.
Aims of DHA
The first study for which the DHA was developed
analyzed the constitutions of anti-semantic stereotyped
images as they emerged in public discourses in the 1986
Austrian presidential campaign of former UN General
Kurt Waldheim, who for along time had kept secrets his
national-socialist past.
This type of analysis first time introduce by Wodak, who
argues that discourse has different practices in society.
Wodak pays attention to the multi-model macro as well
as micro phenomena to inter-textual and inter-discursive
relationships as well as social, historical, and political
factors relating to the verbal and non-verbal phenomena
of communication.
The Origin of DHA:
This approach is inter-disciplinary. He explains that interdisciplinary involves theory, methods, methodology research
practice, and practical application.
This approach is problem oriented, like the any other theoretical
and methodological approach, is relevant as long as it is able to
successfully study relevant social problems such as sexism, racism,
and other forms of inequality.
.
Phatic communion refers to small talk and social pleasantries that serve a social function but do not convey meaningful information. It was first described by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and refers to speech that creates social bonds through mere exchange of words. John Laver's research identified three types of phatic tokens: self-oriented tokens that are personal to the speaker, other-oriented tokens related to the listener, and neutral-oriented tokens about the context or situation. Phatic communication is useful for creating and maintaining social relationships, avoiding conflict, and keeping harmony in society by containing positive language and minimizing tensions.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society, explaining how social factors influence language use. Some key points made include:
- Sociolinguistics examines how social variables like context, participants, and function affect language use within a speech community.
- A speech community shares language systems and communication norms. Sociolinguistics studies language variation across different social contexts like situations, events, acts, and styles within a community.
- Social dimensions like social distance, status, and formality also influence language choice and use between participants.
- Bilingualism and code-switching between languages or varieties are examined,
Diglossia is a stable language situation where in addition to primary dialects of a language, there is a highly codified superposed variety that is learned formally and used for written/formal communication. This high (H) variety is distinct from the vernacular low (L) variety used in everyday conversation. The H variety has more prestige and is used for literature/education while the L variety is used between family/friends and is acquired naturally rather than taught. Diglossia can last over 1000 years as the varieties are protected by their association with education/writing and stable norms around pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.
Halliday's model of language and discousreHuddaFayyaz
Halliday's model of language and discourse considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communication. Unlike structural approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics analyzes social context first and then how language is influenced by and influences that context. A key concept is the "context of situation" which relates the social environment to the functional organization of language.
Full summary an_introduction_to_sociolinguisticsLutfan Adli
This document provides an overview of Chapter One from Janet Holmes' book "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". It discusses key topics that sociolinguists study such as how social factors influence language varieties and how sociolinguists define terms like variety. Sociolinguists are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts and how social factors like social distance, status, age and gender impact language varieties and convey social meanings.
The document discusses Basil Bernstein's theory of restricted and elaborated codes, which refers to differences in language use between social groups. It asks the reader to analyze characters from the TV show "Only Fools and Horses" based on whether they use a restricted code focused on reinforcing group identity through simple vocabulary and predictable conversation, or an elaborated code focused more on individuality with a wider vocabulary and less predictable ideas. The controversial part of Bernstein's theory is that it claims working classes tend to use the restricted code while middle classes use the elaborated code more.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
Linguistic inequality can take three forms: subjective inequality regarding beliefs and prejudices about languages, strictly linguistic inequality concerning differences in linguistic knowledge and skills, and communicative inequality involving differences in ability to communicate effectively. Subjective inequality involves prejudices and stereotypes associated with particular ways of speaking. Linguistic features may be linked to stereotypes about characteristics like intelligence. Prestige of languages or dialects is also influenced by subjective views. Linguists study these issues to better understand social attitudes and their effects.
This document discusses critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the relationship between discourse and power. CDA examines how social power is abused and reproduced through text and talk. The goals of CDA are to understand, expose, and resist social inequalities that are enacted through discourse. CDA takes a multidisciplinary approach and views discourse as inherently part of social structures and power relationships, rather than being value-neutral. It focuses on how discourse confirms, legitimizes, and challenges social relations of power and dominance.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines how social power and inequality are reproduced through language use. CDA views discourse as a form of social action and studies the relationship between discourse, power, dominance, and inequality. The ultimate goal of CDA is social and political change by critically analyzing how power relations are enacted and reinforced through everyday language and discourse. CDA aims to understand how discourse both shapes and is shaped by wider social structures and power relations.
Aspects of Critical discourse analysis by Ruth WodakHusnat Ahmed
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key terms like discourse, ideology, and power. It outlines the historical development of CDA from the 1970s onward. The document also examines the main research agenda of CDA, including its aims to investigate social inequality and power relations as expressed through language. Open questions are noted about operationalizing theories and the need for more explicit linguistic theories.
1. Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines how social factors like age, gender, status, and setting influence language use.
2. This document provides an introduction to key concepts in sociolinguistics including domains of language use, diglossia, code-switching, language maintenance vs shift, and linguistic variation related to gender and age.
3. Several examples are given to illustrate these concepts, such as how a bilingual Tongan speaker uses different languages in different social contexts, and how social class can influence pronunciation patterns in British English.
The document discusses how language varies based on social context and relationships between speakers. It covers topics like speech accommodation theory, how speakers converge or diverge based on their audience, and the influence of social class and culture on language. The concept of communicative competence is also introduced, which includes grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence that allow people to communicate effectively in different situations.
Sociolinguistics and Language TeachingSheng Nuesca
Language teaching is connected with sociolinguistics in many ways. Different social factors affect language teaching and language learning.
Social factors such as situation, context, and social setting that has roles in language teaching. It describes the main factors which influence linguistic choices and explains how well contemporary teaching can take account of them.
This document discusses language variation and regional dialects. It begins by defining standard languages and noting examples like Standard American English. It describes how accents and dialects are used to analyze differences in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation between regions. Key concepts discussed include dialectology, using linguistic features to define dialect boundaries and continua. The document also covers related topics like bilingualism, diglossia, language planning, and the development of pidgins and creoles.
Teun Adrianus van Dijk is a Dutch scholar born in 1943 who has contributed significantly to the fields of text linguistics, discourse analysis, and critical discourse analysis. He founded six international journals focused on these topics. His work has focused on how racism is reproduced through the language of politicians, journalists, and scholars. His model of context, social cognition, and memory examines how the social context influences discourse through an interface of social cognition and memory that allows semantic representations to take on social meaning.
1. Standard English is the variety used in printed materials like newspapers and books, and is the variety typically taught as a second language.
2. All language users speak with an accent and dialect, with accent describing aspects of pronunciation and dialect describing grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation variations.
3. Isoglosses represent boundaries between linguistic features in dialects, and clusters of isoglosses define dialect boundaries across regions.
This document defines sociolinguistics and discusses various aspects of language variation. Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines how people vary their language use across different social contexts and how language conveys social meanings. The document also discusses standard and non-standard language varieties, language variation in terms of both users and uses, and other types of language variation including dialect, register, accent, bilingualism/multilingualism, lingua franca, pidgin/creole, and code switching/mixing.
Aims of DHA:
The DHA attempts to integrate a outsized quantity of
available knowledge about the historical sources and the
background of the social and political fields in which
discursive “events” are embedded.
Further, it analyzes the historical dimension of discursive
actions by exploring the ways in which particular genres
of discourse are subject to diachronic change.
DHA lays emphasis on the practice-related quality of the
discourse, the context dependence of discourse, and the
structures as well as constructive character of discourses.
DHA focuses on the systematic analysis of context and its
dialectical relationships to meaning-making process.
This approach entails trans-disciplinary and multitheoretical methods with other disciplines.
Like the other critical anlysts, the proponents of DHA
make practical claims of emancipation and criticize
discursively constituted power abuse, injustice, and social
discrimination and they make epistemic claims of
reduction.
DHA sustains that language is not powerful on its own, it
is a means to gain and maintain power by the powerful
people make use of it.
Aims of DHA
The first study for which the DHA was developed
analyzed the constitutions of anti-semantic stereotyped
images as they emerged in public discourses in the 1986
Austrian presidential campaign of former UN General
Kurt Waldheim, who for along time had kept secrets his
national-socialist past.
This type of analysis first time introduce by Wodak, who
argues that discourse has different practices in society.
Wodak pays attention to the multi-model macro as well
as micro phenomena to inter-textual and inter-discursive
relationships as well as social, historical, and political
factors relating to the verbal and non-verbal phenomena
of communication.
The Origin of DHA:
This approach is inter-disciplinary. He explains that interdisciplinary involves theory, methods, methodology research
practice, and practical application.
This approach is problem oriented, like the any other theoretical
and methodological approach, is relevant as long as it is able to
successfully study relevant social problems such as sexism, racism,
and other forms of inequality.
.
Phatic communion refers to small talk and social pleasantries that serve a social function but do not convey meaningful information. It was first described by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and refers to speech that creates social bonds through mere exchange of words. John Laver's research identified three types of phatic tokens: self-oriented tokens that are personal to the speaker, other-oriented tokens related to the listener, and neutral-oriented tokens about the context or situation. Phatic communication is useful for creating and maintaining social relationships, avoiding conflict, and keeping harmony in society by containing positive language and minimizing tensions.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society, explaining how social factors influence language use. Some key points made include:
- Sociolinguistics examines how social variables like context, participants, and function affect language use within a speech community.
- A speech community shares language systems and communication norms. Sociolinguistics studies language variation across different social contexts like situations, events, acts, and styles within a community.
- Social dimensions like social distance, status, and formality also influence language choice and use between participants.
- Bilingualism and code-switching between languages or varieties are examined,
Diglossia is a stable language situation where in addition to primary dialects of a language, there is a highly codified superposed variety that is learned formally and used for written/formal communication. This high (H) variety is distinct from the vernacular low (L) variety used in everyday conversation. The H variety has more prestige and is used for literature/education while the L variety is used between family/friends and is acquired naturally rather than taught. Diglossia can last over 1000 years as the varieties are protected by their association with education/writing and stable norms around pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary.
Halliday's model of language and discousreHuddaFayyaz
Halliday's model of language and discourse considers function and semantics as the basis of human language and communication. Unlike structural approaches, Systemic Functional Linguistics analyzes social context first and then how language is influenced by and influences that context. A key concept is the "context of situation" which relates the social environment to the functional organization of language.
Full summary an_introduction_to_sociolinguisticsLutfan Adli
This document provides an overview of Chapter One from Janet Holmes' book "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". It discusses key topics that sociolinguists study such as how social factors influence language varieties and how sociolinguists define terms like variety. Sociolinguists are interested in explaining why people speak differently in different social contexts and how social factors like social distance, status, age and gender impact language varieties and convey social meanings.
The document discusses Basil Bernstein's theory of restricted and elaborated codes, which refers to differences in language use between social groups. It asks the reader to analyze characters from the TV show "Only Fools and Horses" based on whether they use a restricted code focused on reinforcing group identity through simple vocabulary and predictable conversation, or an elaborated code focused more on individuality with a wider vocabulary and less predictable ideas. The controversial part of Bernstein's theory is that it claims working classes tend to use the restricted code while middle classes use the elaborated code more.
This document discusses the topic of sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of language use in society and how language interacts with and helps shape social structures. The document outlines three subcategories of sociolinguistic study: micro-sociolinguistics, macro-sociolinguistics, and three areas of sociolinguistic research - language variation, language contact, and linguistic relativity. It provides examples of research within these areas and discusses implications for language teaching.
Linguistic inequality can take three forms: subjective inequality regarding beliefs and prejudices about languages, strictly linguistic inequality concerning differences in linguistic knowledge and skills, and communicative inequality involving differences in ability to communicate effectively. Subjective inequality involves prejudices and stereotypes associated with particular ways of speaking. Linguistic features may be linked to stereotypes about characteristics like intelligence. Prestige of languages or dialects is also influenced by subjective views. Linguists study these issues to better understand social attitudes and their effects.
This document discusses critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the relationship between discourse and power. CDA examines how social power is abused and reproduced through text and talk. The goals of CDA are to understand, expose, and resist social inequalities that are enacted through discourse. CDA takes a multidisciplinary approach and views discourse as inherently part of social structures and power relationships, rather than being value-neutral. It focuses on how discourse confirms, legitimizes, and challenges social relations of power and dominance.
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) examines how social power and inequality are reproduced through language use. CDA views discourse as a form of social action and studies the relationship between discourse, power, dominance, and inequality. The ultimate goal of CDA is social and political change by critically analyzing how power relations are enacted and reinforced through everyday language and discourse. CDA aims to understand how discourse both shapes and is shaped by wider social structures and power relations.
Aspects of Critical discourse analysis by Ruth WodakHusnat Ahmed
This document provides an overview of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It discusses key terms like discourse, ideology, and power. It outlines the historical development of CDA from the 1970s onward. The document also examines the main research agenda of CDA, including its aims to investigate social inequality and power relations as expressed through language. Open questions are noted about operationalizing theories and the need for more explicit linguistic theories.
1. Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines how social factors like age, gender, status, and setting influence language use.
2. This document provides an introduction to key concepts in sociolinguistics including domains of language use, diglossia, code-switching, language maintenance vs shift, and linguistic variation related to gender and age.
3. Several examples are given to illustrate these concepts, such as how a bilingual Tongan speaker uses different languages in different social contexts, and how social class can influence pronunciation patterns in British English.
The document discusses how language varies based on social context and relationships between speakers. It covers topics like speech accommodation theory, how speakers converge or diverge based on their audience, and the influence of social class and culture on language. The concept of communicative competence is also introduced, which includes grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence that allow people to communicate effectively in different situations.
Sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and society. It studies how language influences and is influenced by factors like culture, identity, social status, and power dynamics. Sociolinguists investigate topics like language attitudes, the social meanings associated with linguistic variations, and how language use changes across different social contexts and interactions. The field has grown in importance as globalization increases interactions between diverse cultures and communities. Sociolinguistics provides insights into social and political issues by analyzing how language shapes and reflects dimensions of human behavior and social organization.
This document discusses key concepts in sociolinguistics. It defines sociolinguistics as the study of how social factors influence language use and how language impacts society. Some fundamental concepts discussed include speech communities, prestige varieties of language, social networks, internal vs. external language, and how language differs based on social class and aspiration. It also covers concepts like covert prestige, sociolinguistic variables, and deviation from standard language varieties.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It discusses how sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and society, exploring how social factors influence language use and how language variations exist between social groups. Some key topics covered include the differences between micro and macrolinguistics, sociolinguistics versus the sociology of language, social factors that determine language choice like participants and setting, and social dimensions of language like solidarity scales. The conclusion emphasizes that sociolinguistics research how language is used in a community and how social relationships and contexts influence linguistic variation and choices in vocabulary, sounds, words and grammar.
Introduction What is sociolinguistics (1).pptxStudyGuide4
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. It examines how language varies based on social factors like the speaker's role, the listener, and the context or situation. Sociolinguists are interested in who speaks what language to whom and when. While linguistics focuses on the structure of language, sociolinguistics analyzes how language is used in social contexts and the functions it serves in society. It studies the relationship between language and social interactions.
The presentation talks about the relationship of language, culture and society. It will tell you about how culture affects the language and the societal norms. It will also deepen your understanding how to use proper language in a given setting to achieve a societal chuchu. I don't know what to write anymore because it so hassle that this platform is doing this download for what.
This document provides an overview of sociolinguistics, including its definition, history, key concepts, methodologies, and subfields of micro-sociolinguistics and macro-sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is defined as the study of how society and language interact and influence each other. It was first developed in the 19th century and pioneered by William Labov in the 1960s. Key concepts discussed include speech communities, prestige of varieties, social networks, and the differences between internal and external language. Methodologies include analyzing language variation across styles from formal to casual. Micro-sociolinguistics examines dialect and register variation while macro-sociolinguistics takes a broader comparative approach studying
Language is a social phenomenon that involves human communication using sounds and symbols. It is derived from the Latin word 'Lingua' and the French term 'Langue' meaning tongue. Language is considered a system that is constantly changing and evolving over time. There are several definitions of language provided, emphasizing it as a method of communicating ideas, emotions, and desires through a system of symbols. Language exists within a cultural context and is influenced by that culture. It is a carrier of meaning and a symbol-based system that helps transfer meaning between minds. Formulaic expressions in a language demonstrate how prior cultural contexts interact with current situational contexts to construct meaning.
This document discusses several topics related to language variation and sociolinguistics. It describes how language varies based on social conventions and communities of users. Language serves four functions in society: symbolizing, expressing, embodying, and negotiating cultural reality. Variation occurs through styles, politeness in interaction which is influenced by social distance and relationships, and through communities both real and imagined. Factors like compliments and requests also vary cross-culturally due to sociolinguistic transfer.
English language teaching- "Sociolinguistic"Rinkal Jani
I m Rinkal jani student of Department of English from MK Bhavnagar University, here i am sharing my presentation on English language teaching and my topic is “Sociolinguistics’ It is a part of my Academic activity.
ANTH 225-001
American University
Professor Nikki Lane
Source:
2009 Duranti, Alessandro. History, Ideas, Issues. Linguistic Anthropology: A Reader, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
The results of our group discussion on sociolinguistics. We take this material from several book references. We uploaded this presentation with the aim that we can learn together especially sociolinguistics. We hope that readers can understand the contents of the material. There are many mistakes please forgive us. Thank you.
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics by:
1) Defining sociolinguistics as the study of how social factors influence language use and the relationship between language and society.
2) Explaining that sociolinguists study topics like language variation between regions/social groups, language policy, and how individuals alter their language use in different social contexts.
3) Outlining the structure of the book, which begins with individual language use and style shifting before expanding out to examine language at the group and societal level, including the influence of factors like age, social class, gender, and language contact.
This document discusses code switching between different social classes. It aims to study the differences in language switching between upper and middle class girls in conversations. A questionnaire was used to collect data from upper class girls attending college and middle class girls attending primary school. The study found that middle class girls showed moderate confidence in speaking English but were not perfect, while the upper class girls did less switching between languages compared to the lower class.
Sociolinguistics studies the relationship between language and society. It examines how social structures influence language use and how language variations are used to convey social meanings. Sociolinguists collect data on linguistic variations and their social contexts through methods like observation, elicitation, interviews, and statistical analysis of large speech samples. Their goal is to understand the systematic social patterns underlying linguistic variation and language use.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociolinguistics. It discusses how sociolinguistics examines language variation according to social factors like age, gender, education level, occupation, and social class. Some key findings are:
1) Social dialects vary regionally and according to social class. Working class speakers tend to use features that differ from middle class speakers, marking social status.
2) Social markers like pronunciation patterns (e.g. dropping /r/ sounds) can signify membership in social groups. Features associated with less education often indicate lower class.
3) Basil Bernstein identified "elaborated codes" used by middle/upper classes that emphasize individual expression, and "restricted codes
What is Sociolinguistics? Explain Its Scope and Origin. BS. English (4th Seme...AleeenaFarooq
Sociolinguistics is the study of how language and society interact and influence each other. It examines how factors like ethnicity, religion, gender, age, and education impact language variations between groups. Sociolinguistics originated in the late 1960s from fields like dialectology, historical linguistics, and language contact, incorporating influences from sociology and psychology. Key figures like Labov, Hymes, and Cameron contributed to establishing sociolinguistics as an independent subject concerned with both the social and structural aspects of language use. Sociolinguistics can be divided into micro- and macro-levels, with micro focusing on individual language variations and macro analyzing language patterns at the societal level.
This document provides tips for teaching culture and language. It discusses the relationship between culture, language and thought. Some key points made are that language expresses, embodies and symbolizes cultural reality. It also discusses identifying different speech communities, the influence of gender on language, differences between spoken and written language, understanding meaning in context, identifying speech acts, understanding the concept of "face", and recognizing communication styles and registers. The document provides research and suggestions for what teachers can do to help students understand these concepts.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
2. BRAINSTORMING
1. What is the definition language and context ? According to
you!
2. What is language in social context?
3. How many context, style and class?
3. DEFINITION
• Language
- The method of human ommunication, either spoken or written,
consisting of the use of words in structured and conventional way.
- The system of communication used by a particular community or
country.
• Context
- The parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can
throw light on its meaning
- The interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs
4. LANGUAGE IN SOCIAL CONTEXT
Introduction
A discussion of language in social context is focussed on a
language acquisition and language learning, significance of language
in a community, and relation of language and society. The language
acquisition is differentiated from the language learning. The former is
unconsciously conducted by a language user, whereas the latter is
consciously conducted by a language user. The significance of
language in a community is viewed from the viewpoint of its
importance in a community.
5. AGE OF ADDRESSE
People generally talk differently to children and
to adult – though some adjusts their speech style or
accomodate more than others. Many speakers also use
a different style in addressing elderly people, often
with features similar to those which characterise their
speech to children – a simpler range of vocabulary
and less complex grammar.
6. Social background of addressee
This is strong support for the view that the addressee or
audience is a very important influence on a speaker’s style. The
most convincing evidence of all comes from the behaviour of the
same newsreader on different stations. Where the stations share
studios, a person may read the same news on the two different
stations during the same day. In this situation newsreaders produce
consistently different styles for each audience. The news is the same
and the context is identical expect for one factor- the addressees.
7. Addressee as an influence on style
The better you know someone, the more casual and relaxed
the speech style you will use to them. People use considerably
more standard forms to those they don’t know well, and more
vernacular forms to their friends. The speaker’s relationship to
the addressee is crucial in determining the appropriate style of
speaking.
Example :
• Excuse me. Could I have a look at your photos too, Mrs.Hall?
• C’mon Tony, gizzalook, gizzalook
8. Context, style and class
• Formal context and social roles
Although a powerful influence on choice of style,
characteristic of addressee are not the only relevant factors.
• Example : a law court is a formal setting where the social roles
of participants override their personal relationship in
determaining the appropriate linguistics forms.
• People’s role in these formal context determine the appropriate
speech forms.
9. The interaction of socialclass and style
If a linguistics feature is found to accor frequently
in the speech of people from lower social group, it will be
in casual speech. In other words, the same linguistics
feature often distinguishes between speakers socially(inter-
speaker-variation), while within the speech of one person it
distinguish different styles(intra-speaker-variation).
10. REGISTER
• Register which is a particular variety that used for a
particular purpose. Register is not natural, but rather are
based on usage.
• Register is a depiction of variety of different language
according to the fomal and unformal situation,
profession and meaning of language.