The document outlines the 6 steps of the problem solving process in groups: 1) identify and define the problem, 2) analyze the problem, 3) determine criteria for judging solutions, 4) identify alternative solutions, 5) evaluate solutions and decide on one, and 6) implement the agreed-upon solution. It provides details on each step, such as how to write an effective problem definition, questions to guide problem analysis, how to set criteria, techniques for brainstorming alternatives, and considerations for evaluating solutions and making a decision.
Within this Presentation Will help you to improve the basic understanding about Decision Making Process as well as to help the Group for Making Decision.
Six thinking hats brainstorming technique trainingTravis Eck
Brainstorming technique used in process improvement, project management and problem sloving. Tap into this unique method to explore additional solutions missed by many brainstorming techniques.
Within this Presentation Will help you to improve the basic understanding about Decision Making Process as well as to help the Group for Making Decision.
Six thinking hats brainstorming technique trainingTravis Eck
Brainstorming technique used in process improvement, project management and problem sloving. Tap into this unique method to explore additional solutions missed by many brainstorming techniques.
Group behavior by Rahul Das- EIILM,KOLKATARahul Das
Group Behavior in Organization Behavior, including types of groups and their behavior, five stage model,group decision making, group think, group shift and group decision making technique
Conflict Resolution: Tools for Analyzing, Diagnosing, and Resolving Organizat...David Williamson
The material in this presentation is adapted from:
Furlong, G. T. (2005). The conflict resolution toolbox: Models & maps for analyzing, diagnosing, and resolving conflict. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada.
What is the difference between research methodology and research designPhD Assistance
What is the difference between research methodology and research design? - PhD Assistance -
http://www.phdassistance.com/services/phd-research-methodology/
Using a rational, logical decision making model will help solve most issues. The following model identifies seven steps in the decision making process.
This slideshow was created to accompany the tenth chapter of Communicate! by Kathleen S. Verderber, Rudolph F. Verderber and Deanna D. Sellnow. Publisher: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90171-6
Group behavior by Rahul Das- EIILM,KOLKATARahul Das
Group Behavior in Organization Behavior, including types of groups and their behavior, five stage model,group decision making, group think, group shift and group decision making technique
Conflict Resolution: Tools for Analyzing, Diagnosing, and Resolving Organizat...David Williamson
The material in this presentation is adapted from:
Furlong, G. T. (2005). The conflict resolution toolbox: Models & maps for analyzing, diagnosing, and resolving conflict. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada.
What is the difference between research methodology and research designPhD Assistance
What is the difference between research methodology and research design? - PhD Assistance -
http://www.phdassistance.com/services/phd-research-methodology/
Using a rational, logical decision making model will help solve most issues. The following model identifies seven steps in the decision making process.
This slideshow was created to accompany the tenth chapter of Communicate! by Kathleen S. Verderber, Rudolph F. Verderber and Deanna D. Sellnow. Publisher: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. ISBN-13: 978-0-495-90171-6
Whether you are purchasing malpractice insurance for your own practice or joining a group that provides your insurance, pay attention to the details of your policy. This presentation provides important questions to ask and gives practical advice for managing your policy.
[Working in Groups Presentation] Chapter 10 - Structured & Creative Problem S...Duc Lai Trung Minh
This presentation is an assignment of the subject "Working in Groups" for my team (I.S team) in FPT University (HCMC - Vietnam). The contents mainly come from the book "Working in Groups, 2010, PEARSON, ISBN: 978-0-205-65882-4".
Authors of this presentation:
- Duc Lai Trung Minh (LinkedIn: vn.linkedin.com/in/duclaitrungminh)
- Tan Pham Nhat
- Phuong Tran Long Nhat
- Binh Pham Quoc Thanh
Based from the book : "Logic Made Simple for Filipinos" by Florentino Timbreza here is the summary made into powerpoint of Lesson 12: The Categorical Syllogism.
It Includes:
Introduction to categorical syllogism
General Axioms of the Syllogism
Eight Syllogistic Rules
Figures and Moods of the Categorical Syllogism
Examples in these slides are our own, there were no examples derived from the book.
Effective Team Decision-Making Process Teams are particularl.docxtoltonkendal
Effective Team Decision-Making Process
Teams are particularly effective in problem solving as they are comprised of people with
complementary skills. These complementary skills allow team members to examine issues from
various angles, as well as see the implications of their decisions from a variety of perspectives.
In this section we will look at a process that can help teams solve problems and make ‘good’
decisions.
In essence, teams make decisions using problem solving techniques. Thus, the process largely
rests on the selection of a course of action following the evaluation of two or more alternatives.
To effectively navigate this path, the following step-by-step approach1 can be used.
1. Recognize the problem. Teams must see and recognize that a problem exists and that a
decision needs to be made to move forward. While on its face this step appears elementary,
many teams do not always recognize that there is an issue that needs to be addressed due to
issues such as group think.
2. Define the problem. In this stage, teams must map out the issue at hand. During this step,
teams should:
o State how, when, and where members became aware of the problem
o Explore different ways of viewing the problem – different ways of viewing the
problem can lead to an improved understanding of the ‘core’ problem
o Challenge any assumptions that are made about the problem to ensure that the team
fully sees the ‘real’ issue at hand.
3. Gather information. Once the problem has been defined, teams need to gather information
relevant to the problem. Why do teams need to perform this step? Two reasons: (1) to verify
that the problem was defined correctly in step 2; and (2) to develop alternative solutions to
the problem at hand.
4. Develop Alternative
Solution
s. While it can be easy for teams to ‘jump on’ and accept the
first solution, teams that are effective in problem solving take the time to explore several
potential solutions to the problem. Some ways to generate alternatives include:
a. Brainstorming. During this process teams are encouraged to come up with as
many ways as possible to solve the problem at hand. While brainstorming can
help generate creative solutions to problems, a few guidelines are needed to help
it work most effectively.
no criticism of any ideas during the brainstorming phase;
all ideas, no matter how silly, get recorded;
get past the sillies - sometimes very creative, and viable, solutions come after
people have made what appear to be ‘silly’ suggestions.
b. Ask Questions. Network with colleagues internal and external to the
organization to get their ideas and suggestions.
c. Explore. Read journals/books, go to networking functions, and attend
conferences etc. that cover similar issues. Also be prepared to go outside of the
healthcare domain. Other industries may have faced similar issues and their
solutions can provide insights for y.
Team problem solving is studied using three different approaches .docxerlindaw
Team problem solving is studied using three different approaches: the methods that teams use to solve their problems, the types of behavior that contribute to effective problem solving, and the techniques used by teams to improve team problem solving. Team problem-solving approaches are based on a rational model of the process that includes six stages: problem definition, evaluation of the problem, generating alternatives, selecting a solution, implementation, and evaluation of the results. In practice, however, this rational approach is rarely followed, and teams often find themselves developing solutions before they understand the problems.
At each stage of the problem-solving process, teams can use a number of techniques to improve their problem-solving abilities. Using these techniques helps teams become more effective as problem solvers.Learning Objectives
1. How do teams typically solve problems?
2. What factors help improve a team’s ability to solve problems?
3. What factors disrupt a team’s ability to solve problems?
4. What are the main steps in the rational approach to problem solving?
5. How do the characteristics of the problem, team, and environment affect the way a team analyzes a problem?
6. What is the value of using a structured approach to generating and evaluating alternatives?
7. What factors affect the implementation of a solution?
8. Why should problem-solving teams use structured techniques to analyze and solve problems?
9. What are some of the techniques that teams can use to help in their problem-solving efforts?11.1 Approaches to Problem Solving
A problem is a dilemma with no apparent solution, an undesirable situation without a way out, a question that cannot currently be answered, the difference between the current situation and a desired state, or a situation team members must manage effectively (Pokras, 1995). The problem can come from the environment or arise from the team. Problems often first surface for a team as symptoms that cause undesirable effects.
In a work environment, a problem for many teams is simply how to complete their tasks or assignments. A team’s assignment contains two primary problems: (1) determining the nature of the assignments and how to complete them, and (2) managing problems and obstacles encountered when performing them. These obstacles may be technical issues, conflicting viewpoints, or interpersonal conflicts.
The perfect way to solve a problem is to define it and then decide how to solve it. This may seem obvious, but the biggest problem teams have is generating solutions without first understanding the problem. Defining and evaluating the problem is the most difficult step for teams to perform.
The first step in problem solving is to discuss and document individual views until everyone agrees on the nature of the problem (Pokras, 1995). Teams are often given ill-defined problems and undeveloped criteria for evaluating them. Teams need to challenge the definitions of the problems,.
Problem Solving abilities impacts
Personal success in life,
Success as a team, and
The success of your business.
Effective problem solving offers an opportunity to move forward, rather than mitigate a setback.
Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of team as they relate to problem solving create a competitive advantage for organization.
Tools and techniques for making collaborative decisions in complex environments. The approach outlined herein uses individual weighted decision matrices, which are compiled into a final numerical score of fitness. The presentation links to freely available templates for use and the supporting detailed method.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
3. PRESENTER: M.DUNG
Step 1: Identify and Define the
Problem
The drop in membership
The group’s budget crisis
Cutting the budget Funding the budget
The root problem
4. Identify and Define the Problem
Once your group agrees about the nature
of the root problem you will want to draft a
problem definition, which is a formal written
statement describing the problem.
An effective problem definition:
is stated as a question of fact, value, or
policy.
contains only one central idea.
uses specific, precise, and concrete
language.
5. Identify and Define the Problem
Questions of fact ask the group to
determine what is true or to what extent
something is true.
“What percentage of our projected expenses
can be covered with our existing revenue?”
6. Identify and Define the Problem
Questions of value ask the group to
determine or judge whether something is
right, moral, good, or just.
Questions of value often contain words
such as good, reliable, effective, or
worthy.
“What is the most effective way to recruit
new members?”
7. Identify and Define the Problem
Questions of policy concern what course
of action should be taken or what rules
should be adopted to solve a problem.
“Should we sponsor an annual fund-raising
event with the local Public Relations Society
of America (PRSA) chapter in order to help
fund our budget?”
8. Identify and Define the Problem
After some discussion, the group decided
that the problem they needed to solve was
a policy question that could be best stated:
“How can we increase our revenues in
order to meet our budget in the current
economic conditions?”
10. = finding out ASAP about the
problem
• materials available @ library/ Internet
• interview experts, former members (why
they dropped out + what might entice
them to rejoin), non- members (what
would entice them to join).
• conduct surveys
11. Questions to guide problem analysis
• What are the symptoms of this problem?
• What are the causes of this problem?
• Can this problem be subdivided into several smaller
problems that each may have individual solutions?
• What have others who have faced this problem done?
• How successful have they been with the solutions they
attempted?
• How is our situation similar and different from theirs?
• Does this problem consist of several smaller
problems? If so, what are their symptoms, causes,
previously tried solutions, and so forth?
• What would be the consequences of doing nothing?
• What would be the consequences of trying something
and having it fail?
12. important
During the information gathering and analysis step,
it is important to consciously encourage
members to share information they have found
that is new or contradicts the sentiments or
preferences expressed in the group. It is difficult
for most of us to give up our pet theories or
preferred worldviews.
A group that is willing to consider new and
unexpected information will more deeply analyze
the problem and, therefore, will likely come to a
more effective solution.
14. Criteria
standards or measures used for judging the merits of
proposed solutions
how the group will evaluate the virtues of each
alternative solutions
15. Criteria
Why?
• When developing criteria before thinking about specific solutions
more likely to come to a decision that all members can accept
• Without clear criteria, group members may argue for their preferred
solution without considering whether it will can solve the problem
and whether it is practicable
Group members must bear in mind sth in common before
stating their options
16. Suggested questions to set criteria
• What are the quantitative and qualitative measures of success that
a solution must be able to demonstrate?
• Are there resource constraints that a good solution must meet
(costs, time, manpower)?
• What risks are unacceptable?
• Is ease of implementation a consideration?
17. When potential criteria have been listed…
The entire group must agree upon certain criteria and
regard them seriously to judge solutions
18. Example
A group face the problem of budget for stationary, which
costs them up to $450 every year.
After discussion, they’ve agreed on the following criteria:
1. The budget must be cut down to less than $300/year
2. The essential materials’ quality, eg. paper and pen, must be
the same
20. An alternative is the generation of new
ideas
Problem Solutions
A B C D
21. Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a method used in groups in
order to support creative problem-solving, the
generation of new ideas and greater
acceptance of proposed solutions
22. Capacity of human brain
to make associations
Brainstorming
For example:
When a person sees or hears the word “fun”,
the brain automatically searches for words
associations and produces suggestions such as :
cinema, theatre, concert, or terms such as :
humor, friends, relaxation, free time, sun
sea,…
23. Rules of
brainstorming
• No criticism or judgment
• Express completely and freely
• Quantity matters
• All ideas must be put down
24. Benefits
• Solutions can be found rapidly and
economically
• Results and ways of problem-solving that are
new and unexpected
• A wider picture of the problem or issue can
be obtained
• The team shares responsibility for the
problem
29. Evaluate Solutions
• Concentrate on evaluating the remaining
solutions, talking about how well each
meets specific criteria and comparing the
positive features of each.
This discussion may result in only one
solution that meets all the criteria, but
often there will be more than one viable
solution.
30. Decision Making
is the process of choosing among alternatives.
• Five methods are commonly used to reach a
group decision. Methods that require greater
agreement among members are more time
consuming.
31. 1. The expert opinion method
• Once the group has eliminated those alternatives
that do not meet the criteria, the group asks the
member who has the most expertise to make the
final choice.
Example: Group leader, the most prestigious
member,…
• Obviously, this method is quick and useful if
one member is much more knowledgeable about
the issues or has a greater stake in the
implementation of the decision.
32. 2. The average group opinion
method
• Each group member ranks each of the
alternatives that meet all the criteria. Their
rankings are then averaged.
• The alternative receiving the highest average
becomes the choice.
• This method is useful for routine decisions or
when a decision needs to be made quickly.
• It can also be used as an intermediate straw poll
so the group can eliminate low-scoring
alternatives before moving to a different process
for making the final decision.
33. 3. The majority rule method
• The group votes on each alternative, and the one
that receives a majority of votes (50 percent + 1)
is selected.
• Although this method is considered democratic,
it can create problems. If the majority voting for
an alternative is slight, then nearly as many
members oppose the choice as support it. If
these minority members strongly object to the
choice, they may sabotage implementation of the
solution either actively or passively.
34. 4. The unanimous decision
method
• The group must continue deliberation
until every member of the group believes
that the same solution is the best.
• When a group reaches unanimity,
however, each member is likely to be
committed to selling the decision to others
and helping to implement it.
35. 5. The consensus method
(an alternative to the unanimous decision method)
• The group continues deliberation until all
members of the group find an acceptable
solution, one they can support and are
committed to helping implement.
• Some group members may believe there is a
better solution than the one chosen, but all feel
they can live with the chosen solution.
36. 5. The consensus method
• Arriving at consensus, though easier than
reaching unanimity, is still difficult.
• Although the majority rule method is
widely used, the consensus method is a
wise investment if the group needs
everyone’s support to implement the
decision successfully.
37. Sometimes a group will choose only one
solution. But frequently a group will
decide on a multi-pronged approach that
combines two or three of the acceptable
solutions.
39. Step six: implement the
agree-upon solution
• The group has the responsibility to
implement the agree-upon solution or, if
the group is presenting the solution for
others for implementation making
recommendation for how the solution
should be implemented. The group[ has
already considered implementation in
terms of selecting a solution, but now
must fill in the details.
40. Some key questions
• What tasks are required by the
solutions?
• Who will carry out these tasks?
• What is a reasonable time frame for
implementation generally and for each of
the tasks specifically?