psychology nursing

1. PSYCHOLOGY

2. PSYCHOLOGY
 The term "psychology" derives from the
Greek terms
 "psyche," means “soul," and
 "logos," means “study of "
 Thus psychology -study of soul.

3. PSYCHOLOGY
 The word soul was used vaguely and rejected
 Later on, William James used the term ‘mind’, which replaced
‘soul’.
 As years went by, the meaning of psychology changed.
 Those who studied, what was called ‘mind’ found that they
could neither see it nor understand it.

4. PSYCHOLOGY
 The influence of physiology made some scientists like
Wilhelm Wundt (1892) of Germany define
psychology as the study of ‘consciousness’.
 was also discarded in the course of time.
 The current definition of psychology, as the
 “systematic study of human and animal behavior”
came to be accepted.(1913 John B. Watson, )

5. Evolution of meaning of psychology

6. PSYCHOLOGY
Meaning of behaviour
 Any manifestation(event or action) in life is “activity” and behaviour
is collective name of these activity.
Behaviour includes:
 Motor activities e.g. walking, swimming, dancing
 Cognitive activities e.g. thinking, reasoning.
 Affective activities e.g. feeling happy, sad , angry.
 So , the behavior refers to entire life activity and experience of all
the living organism

7.  Psychology is the study of the mind
and behavior.
 According to the American
Psychological Association. It is the
study of the mind, how it works, and
how it affects behavior.
 It aims at explaining the links between
the mind and behaviour.

8. PSYCHOLOGY
 Psychology is the investigation of human and
animal behaviour and of mental and
physiological processes associated with the
behaviour.
Jackson 1976

9. PSYCHOLOGY
 Psychologists study overt and covert behavior.
 The overt behaviors are observable behavior.
 The covert behaviors include private mental processes
that cannot be directly observed or measured.

10. PSYCHOLOGY
Examples of overt
behaviour:
 laughing,
 walking,
 eating,
 gestures,
 facial expression etc.
Examples of covert
behaviour:
 Perception,
 memory,
 reasoning,
 thinking,
 feelings etc.

11. OBJECTIVE OF PSYCHOLOGY
 To understand human behaviour.
 To describe the human behaviour.
 To find out answer to questions about the
nature of human behaviour.
 To explain, predict , modify and improve
the lives of people.

12. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Educational Psychology:
 Branch concerned with schools, teaching, educational issues and
students concerns.
 Investigates
 classroom dynamics(ways the people within a class talk and how they
act, show their feelings and opinions and behave as a group)
 teaching styles,
 Learning,
 develops educational tests,
 evaluates educational programs.

13. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Educational Psychology:
 Investigates all aspects of educational process
 curriculum design to techniques of instruction
 Devoted to the study of how people learn including
 individual difference in learning,
 gifted learners and
 learning disability.

14. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
2. Social Psychology:
 Social psychology deals with the group behavior and
interrelationships of people with other people
(how an individual is influenced by others and how an
individual influences others behavior).
 It studies various types of group phenomena such as
 public opinion,
 attitudes,
 beliefs
 behavior.

15. BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
2. Social Psychology:
 Emphasizes on all aspects of social behaviour such as
 how we think about and interact with others,
 For example, social psychologists study
 how we perceive others and
 how those perceptions affect our attitude and behaviour
towards them.

16. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
3.Developmental psychology:
 It explains the growth and
development.
 It explains human life through the
stages of conception to old age.
 Conducts research on infant, child,
adolescent, and adult development;

17. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
3.Developmental psychology:
 psychologists take an in-depth look at biological growth of
the body, cognitive expansion and emotional maturity.
 developmental psychologists assess and diagnose to
treat various issues, such as developmental delays in
children.
 Some of these delays are common, and a psychologist
could diagnose therapy to help the child catch up or
just observation to see how the child improves on his
or her own.

18. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
3.Developmental psychology:
 Developmental psychologists try to understand complex behaviors
by studying their beginnings and the orderly ways in which they
change with time.
 If we can trace the origin and developmental sequence of a certain
behaviour, we will have a better understanding of it.
 Child psychology, the study of children’s behaviour, consists of a
large part of developmental psychology

19. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
3.Developmental psychology:
 Developmental changes also occur in adolescence, adulthood, and old
age; and so the study of these changes is also a part of developmental
psychology.
 A great deal of research has been done on the development of thinking
in children.
 Progressive and systematic changes take place in their thinking during
the first few years of life.
 Developmental psychologists are often concerned with children who
have behaviour problems or psychological disorders and different
methods are used to treat them

20. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
4.Child psychology:
 Childhood extends from 2 to 12 years.
 This is a crucial period in the life.
 Future life depends upon development during childhood.
 Child psychology focuses on the mental, emotional, and social
development of children,

22. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
4.Child psychology:
 Studies child from the mother womb to the
adolescence stage.
 Studies the behaviour of children like motor,
emotional, social and language development in
children.
 Suggest on positive parenting practices.

23. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
5.Occupational psychology:
 Industrial-Organizational Psychology, also known as I/O
psychology, serves to study how human behavior impacts
industry and organizations.
 I/O psychologists
 evaluate a work situation and
 develop a plan for the performance
 work-life balance in that situation for the employees.

24. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
5.Occupational psychology:
 Investigates all aspects of behaviour in work setting
 selection and recruitment of employees,
 work motivation to leadership.
 Now a days, a number of companies are using modern versions of
tests for hiring and selection of employees.

25. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
5.Occupational psychology:
 Specialists in this field also apply psychology to problems related
to
 management and employee training,
 leadership and supervision,
 communication,
 motivation,
 group conflict within the organization.
 They organise on-the-job training programmes for improving
work environments and human relations in organisations and
work settings.

26. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
6. Clinical Psychology
 Diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances.
 Clinical psychologists directly provide healthcare to patients who
are suffering from mental illness.
 Clinical psychologists interact with patients through
 observations,
 interviews and
 tests
Then make a diagnosis and coming up with a plan to deal with the
symptoms.

27. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
6. Clinical Psychology
 Many psychologists in this field use psychological theory and
therapy for treating mental disorders in patients.
 Over multiple visits, psychologists delve into the emotions and
experiences of a patient to provide insight into the illness.
 Clinical psychologists carry out research to find out better ways of
 diagnosing,
 treating, and
 preventing psychological disorders.

28. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
6. Clinical Psychology
 They use standardized tests for identifying the causes of these
disorders.
 They use psychotherapy, for which they are trained, for the
treatment of mental disorders

29. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
6. Health Psychology
 Focuses on how biological, psychological, behaviour and social
factors influence health and illness.
 Health is affected by a variety of factor.
For e.g.
 hereditary affect overall physical well beings
 Various medical condition
 Health psychologist expect to help people live better through
healthier behavior.

30. BRANCHES (Cont’d)
6. Health Psychology
Focuses on educating people about their own health and well being
such as
 helping people maintain a healthy weight,
 avoid unhealthy behaviour and
 develop positive attitude that can fight with many mental illness
and disease like depression, anxiety
 Are trained to give support and make patient gain coping skills.

31. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND HER OWN SELF
 The knowledge of psychology will help the nurse to
get an
 insight into her own motives,
 desires,
 emotions,
 feelings,
 attitudes,
 Personality, characteristics and ambitions.

32. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND HER OWN SELF
 She will realize how her personality is highly
individualistic and complex, arrives at decisions in her
life and solves her own problems.
 This knowledge also helps her to understand her
strengths and weaknesses.

33. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND HER OWN SELF
By knowing these aspects,
 she can overcome her weaknesses, and
 develop abilities to carry on her responsibilities and
 perform her duties effectively and efficiently.
 This will let her direct her own life more productively
 enable her to control situations and
 attain self-discipline.

34. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND PATIENTS
 The nurses are professionals meant for providing care
to patients.
 The patient may be suffering from acute/chronic
disease; may be male/female, young/old and come to
the hospital with so many physical and psychological
problems.
 They may also have tensions, worries, pains and also
many doubts about their illness.

35. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND PATIENTS
 The knowledge of psychology will help the nurse to understand
the problems and needs of patients and attend to them.
 She can understand the attitudes, perceptions and personality
characteristics of patients in a better way.
 This will help the patient to attain quick relief and cure, which is
the basic motto of a nurse.


36. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO RECOGNIZE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
 Psychology is highly relevant in the field of mental health.
 Presently more and more people are suffering from mental
illness.
 While some patients may have minor problems, others suffer
with serious illness.

37. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO RECOGNIZE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
 The knowledge of psychology will help nurses to understand
abnormal behaviors and help the patient in management of mental
illnesses.
 The knowledge of psychology helps the nurses in recognizing
mental illnesses at hospitals and community health centers and
provide appropriate guidance to deal with stress, anxiety and
other life problems.

38. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND OTHER PEOPLE
 The nurse has to study, work and live with other nurses, doctors,
patients and their family members.
 Psychology helps nurses to understand other people better and
thus achieve greater success in interpersonal relationships.

39. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO UNDERSTAND OTHER PEOPLE
 She will learn why others differ from her in their
 likes and dislikes,
 in their interests and abilities or
 in their reactions to others.
 She will realize differences in behavior are due to
 differences in customs and beliefs or
 cultural patterns of the groups to which she belongs or
 to the way she has been brought up during her early years

40. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO PROVIDE QUALITY CARE TO PATIENTS
A nurse with good knowledge of human psychology can
understand:
 what fears or anxieties the patient faces,
 what he feels,
 what he would like to know and
 why he behaves the way he does.

41. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
TO PROVIDE QUALITY CARE TO PATIENTS
It will help the nurse to
 meet requirements of the patients and his relatives.
 A good understanding of these patients by the nurse
can be of best support to him.

42. SIGNIFICANCE OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NURSING
HELP PATIENTS ADJUST TO THE SITUATION
 Illness and physical handicaps often bring about the need for
major adjustments.
 Many diseases such as heart disease and cancer, etc. require
special coping skills and health care.
 A nurse trained in psychology can be an effective health educator
and help in these kind of adjustments