The document discusses India's Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission, including its successful launch on July 22, 2019. It describes the mission objectives to improve understanding of the moon and conduct scientific experiments. Chandrayaan-2 consists of an orbiter, lander (Vikram), and rover (Pragyan) that will operate in lunar orbit and on the lunar surface. The mission aims to explore the south pole region of the Moon.

1. “CHANDRAYAAN-2”
(Proud moment for every Indian)
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2. CHANDRAYAAN-2
Pic Credit: ISRO
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3. • Chandrayaan-2, India’s 2nd moon mission (after
Chandrayaan-1, 2008) was successfully launched on 22nd
July at 2.43 pm by GSLV-MkIII-M1 (Geosynchronous Satellite
Launch Vehicle Mark III) from Second Launch Pad at Satish
Dhawan Space Center Sriharikota (Andhra
Pradesh).
• Main aim is to improve our understanding about the Moon
discoveries, latest inventions that will benefit India.
• It will also provide detailed information of moon’s
topography and atmosphere leading to a better
understanding of Moon.
Objective
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4. • With a total mission mass of 3.8 tonnes, the entire project is
set to cost Rs 978 crore.
• Rs 603 crore for the spacecraft and Rs 375 crore for the
GSLV Mk-III.
• Chandrayaan-2 consists of an orbiter, a lander (Vikram), and
a rover (Pragyan).
• Chandrayaan 2 will be India’s first interplanetary mission to
be steered by two women, project director M Vanitha and
mission director Ritu Karidhal.
Basic Information
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5. Pic Credit: ISRO
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6. Problems Faced…..
• On 15th July, The launch was called off due to technical
problems in the fuel conductor.
• The countdown for the launch of Chandrayaan-2, on board
the GSLV Mk-III rocket, was scheduled for 2.51 am.
• It was stopped 56 minutes and 24 seconds before lift-off at
1.55 am, following an announcement from the Mission
Control Centre
• The technical snag was noticed during the cryogenic fuel
was being loaded.

7. Operator - Indian Space Research Organization
Type of Mission - Lunar orbiter, Lander and Rover
Duration of Mission - Orbiter: 1 year
Lander: >15 Days
Rover: >15 Days
Launch Mass - Aprox. 3850 Kg
Mass of Payload - Orbiter: approx 2,379 Kg
Lander: approx. 1,471 Kg
Rover: approx. 27 Kg
Date of Launch - 22nd July 2019.
Rocket - GSLV Mk III
Launch Site - Satish Dhawan Space Centre Sriharikota
Mission Details…..
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8. • Chandrayaan-2 begin its journey to Moon on 22 July, 2019.
• The Lander-Orbiter pair will go into an initial elliptical
(180 X 24000 km altitude) Earth orbit, followed by a trans-
lunar injection.
• Both will go into an initial elliptical lunar orbit.
• After orbit insertion, the Lander and the Orbiter separate.
• The Orbiter evolves into a 100 km circular polar orbit and the
Lander breaks from orbit and lands on the surface in the high
latitude areas near the South Pole.
Mission Details…..

9. • The Orbiter portion of the mission is planned to last 1 year.
• The rover will be deployed using a ramp shortly after the
landing and is planned for 14-15 days that is one period of
lunar daylight.
• The rover and the lander of the mission will have a life of one
lunar day, which is equal to 14 earth days, though the orbiter
has a life of one year.
Mission Details…..
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10. • The landing window is likely to be between September 6
and 7 because that is the beginning of a lunar day and
scientific experiments will be conducted during this
period.
• It will be a long journey to the moon for the Chandrayaan-2
spacecraft carrying a lander called Vikram and a rover
known as Pragyan.
• The journey is quite a long one as the distance between the
Earth and the moon is about 3.844 lakh km.
Mission Details…..
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11. GSLV Mk-III Rocket
Known as Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III
Pic Credit: ISRO

12. • GSLV Mk-III [Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-
III] launch vehicle, which is the most powerful launcher we
have used till date.
• GSLV Mk-III, chosen to launch Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft, is a
three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO.
• The vehicle has two solid strap-ons, a core liquid booster and
a cryogenic upper stage.
GSLV Mk-III Rocket
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13. GSLV Mk-III Specifications
Height: 43.43m
Vehicle Diameter: 4.0m
Heat Shield (Payload Fairing) Diameter: 5.0m
Number of Stages: 3
Lift off Mass: 640 tonnes.
GSLV Mk-III Rocket
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14. Rover
Pic Credit: ISRO

15. Rover
• Rover also known as Pragyan will have two instruments on
board.
• On the surface of the Moon the instrument will test the
mineral and chemical compositions and also about soil and
rocks formation.
• Data on and around the South Pole will be collected and sent.
• That is it will send information from the moon to Vikram
Lander.
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16. • Lander will send data to Orbiter.
• Then the Orbiter will send it to the ISRO centre. This whole
process will take about 15 minutes.
• So, it can be said that information sent from Pragyan Robot
will take about 15 minutes to reach the ISRO centre in India.
• Dimensions: 0.9 × 0.75 × 0.85 m
• Power: 50 W
• Travel speed: 1 cm/sec.
Rover
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17. • One of the instruments on Pragyan is a Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS).
• Coming from the Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems
(LEOS) in Bengaluru, LIBS' main objective is to identify the
elements that are present near the landing site.
• To do this, laser pulses are fired at various locations and the
radiation from the decayed plasma is analyzed.
Rover
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18. Lander
Pic Credit: ISRO

19. • Lander also known as Vikram.
• ISRO has named Lander after the founder of ISRO and the father
of Indian Space Program Vikram Sarabhai.
• The five-legged lander will have three instruments onboard.
• They are the Radio Anatomy of Moon-Bound Hypersensitive
Ionosphere and an Atmosphere Probe (Rambha) that will
measure the density of the lunar sub surface and changes around
it.
Lander

20. • It’s named ‘Vikram’ to honour the late Dr Vikram Sarabhai, who
was the former chairman of ISRO and is widely regarded as the
‘Father of the Indian Space Programme’.
• It has been developed to operate for 14 days or one Lunar day.
• During this time period, the Vikram Lander will be constantly
communicating with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) in
Byalalu near Bengaluru.
Lander
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21. • The same network will be used by the Orbiter and Rover
for communications.
• The lander weighs 1,471 kg including the Pragyan Rover
(27 kg) inside and it’s capable of generating about 650 W
of electricity.
• Further, the Chandra Surface Thermophysical Experiment
(ChaSTE) will be used to measure the thermal temperature
around the South Pole of the moon.
Lander
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22. • And thirdly, is the instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity
(ILSA) which will measure the seismicity or quake or
tremor-potential of the region.
• It will use scientifically for 15 days. Its initial design was
made by ISRO's Space Application Centre Ahmedabad.
• Later, it was developed by the URSC (U R Rao Satellite
Centre) of Bengaluru.
• ISRO has made an indigenous Lander on Russia's refusal.
Lander

23. • Dimensions: 2.54 × 2 × 1.2m
• Gross lift-off mass: 1,471 kg (3,243 lb)
• Propellant mass: 845 kg (1,863 lb)
• Dry mass: 626 kg (1,380 lb)
• Power generation capability: 650 W
Lander
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24. Pic Credit: ISRO
Orbiter

25. • Orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 will be installed at 100 km above the
moon and consists of eight instruments.
• Specifications of these instruments are not provided that will
be loaded on to the rocket.
• But there will be an Imaging Infra-red Spectometer (IIRS) which
will try to identify minerals and indicators of hydroxyl and
water molecules.
• It will operate on solar power.
Orbiter
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26. • It will be circling the information from Lander and Rover to
the ISRO Centre.
• It will also bring the command sent from ISRO to the lander
and the rover.
• It was generated by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and
handed it to ISRO in 2015.
Orbiter
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27. • Dimensions: 3.2 × 5.8 × 2.2 m
• Gross lift-off mass: 2,379 kg (5,245 lb)
• Propellant mass: 1,697 kg (3,741 lb)
• Dry mass: 682 kg (1,504 lb)
• Mission life: 1 year in lunar orbit
• Power generation capacity: 1000 W
Orbiter

28. Pic Credit: ISRO

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