Over three decades of research, it has been shown that agriculture can impact nutrition through effects on income, food prices, labor demand, and time allocation. Some successful examples of linking agriculture and nutrition include biofortified rice in the Philippines which increased iron stores, and biofortified sweet potatoes in Mozambique which increased vitamin A intake and status in children. However, there are still challenges to fully realizing the potential of using agriculture to improve nutrition, such as limited evidence of impact, a lack of capacity and incentives for cross-sector collaboration, and the complexities of long-term, inter-sectoral work.

1. Challenges and Successes in Linking Agriculture and Nutrition Marie Ruel, Director, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, IFPRI

3. Conceptual framework (80’s) Food availability Food access HH choices and use Individual utilization Nutritional Status (PEM) D E T E R M I N A N T S P O L I C I E S Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010

6. Determinants of Nutrition Adapted from UNICEF 1990 Breastfeeding Complementary feeding Vitamin A Zinc Hygiene INSTITUTIONS POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ECONOMIC STRUCTURE RESOURCES ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY, PEOPLE Food/nutrient intake Health Water/ Sanitation health services Interventions Immediate causes Underlying causes Basic causes - Agriculture - Poverty Reduction - Education - Health Systems Strengthening - Income generation - Women’s empowerment Maternal and child-care practices Access to food

9. A Few Examples of Success

11. Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010 Project Model (Mozambique )

12. Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010 Impact on Intake of OFSP (6-35 mo old)

13. Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010 Impact on Vitamin A intake (6-35 mo old)

14. Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010 Hellen Keller International Experience Source: Spielman & Pandya-Lorch, Millions Fed, IFPRI 2009

15. Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010 Hellen Keller International Experience Source: Spielman & Pandya-Lorch, Millions Fed, IFPRI 2009

16. What Have We Learned? Building an Integrated Agriculture and health Agenda, London, June 23, 2010

19. Health Nutrition Agriculture Income Employment Food security Dietary diversity AGRICULTURE BENEFITS AGRICULTURE RISKS Productivity Strength Endurance Cognition Risk taking Water-related diseases Food-borne diseases Zoonotic diseases Gender equity Livelihoods AGRICULTURE – NUTRITION - HEALTH HEALTH/NUTRITION BENEFITS

20. Impact Pathways