Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Nutrition security
1. Addressing Food and
Nutrition security in
Developing world.
BY
L. Muralikrishnan,
Scientist, Division of Agricultural Extension
ICAR-IARI, New Delhi-12
2. Introduction
Addressing Food and Nutrition security in developing world depends on the elements of
Livelihood security, the vulnerability and coping strategies.
What is food security?
Food security “exists when all people at all times have both physical and economic access to
sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy
life.”
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2013).
3. Important elements in Food Security
assessments
Livelihood depends on people capabilities, their assets, their income and the
activities they require in order to make a living. Hence, Food security is the
outcome of a livelihood.
The household’s vulnerability is determined by the peoples ability to cope up
the risks and shocks, such as drought, flooding, etc. In order to minimize the
impact of such shocks and maintain adequate food access, households and
communities requires coping strategies.
Coping strategies are activities people use as a means of getting through
difficult times, brought on by events affecting their livelihood and way of
living.
4. Three pillars of food security
Availability of food
Food production, food imports, etc (depends on
Regional/ Local level)
Access to food
household food production and reserves, family
income, solidarity mechanisms, barter, etc
(Depends on Household level)
Utilization of food
Health situation (diarrhoea, malaria, AIDS), food
storage and cooking practices, fuel, age related
needs, etc (Depend on Individual)
4
5. Importance of Food Security Assessment
It provides the current nutrition situation
It predict the worsening of particular nutrition situation
It also suggest the solution to improve of nutrition situation
EX: Successful effort under the Progress of MDG 1 (2000-2015).
In1990/92 - one billion people (23.2 %) under undernourished category and it was reduced on
2010/12 - 870 million (12.5 %) in the world
It shows that, MDGs plays important catalyst to address root causes of food security issues.
6. Extreme Risk –red
High risk – orange
Medium risk – yellow
Low risk – green
No Data – gray http://maplecroft.com/about/news/food_security.html
Current Food Security Risk Index in the world
7. Nutrition Security
Nutrition security means access by all people at all times to the adequate
utilization and absorption of nutrients in food, in order to be able to live a healthy
and active life.
At present,
1 billion insufficient kcals and nutrients (hunger)
2billion sufficient kcals, but insufficient nutrients (hidden hunger)
3billion sufficient kcals and nutrients (healthy)
1.4billion excess kcals (some with insufficient nutrients)
(overweight/obesity)
8. Hunger
The uneasy or painful sensation caused by a lack of food.
Involuntary hunger that results from not being able to afford enough food
The recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food
It produce malnutrition over time.
9. Malnutrition Worldwide
World
Number and percentage of undernourished persons
2010-2012 868 million (12%)
2007-2009 867 million (13%)
2004-2006 898 million (14%)
1991-2001 919 million (15%)
1990-1992 1000 million (19%)
The FAO defines undernourishment
as the state of consistently
consuming less energy, in the form of
protein and calories, to maintain a
weight appropriate for height, and
for mild activity.
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (2013). Hunger Portal: FAQ. Date retrieved: June 11, 2013.
Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
10. “Malnutrition” -
Globally, one in three people are malnourished
This global crisis is happening now!
Higher morbidity
Higher mortality
Lower cognitive ability
Lower work productivity
Impaired growth
Impaired reproduction
Consequences of micronutrient malnutrition
10
Nutritional benefits of Iron rich Pearl millet - Dr. Tara Satyavathi in CAFT- “Extension strategies for nutrition sensitive agriculture to address SDG”- Ag. Extn, IARI, N.
11. Malnutrition
- Children do not grow properly
- Adults are too thin
- People are deficient in vitamins & minerals
- Adults are overweight or obese
Caused by
- Interaction of poor diets & unhealthy
12. Vitamin/Mineral deficiencies
Vitamin A
Approximately 250000 – 500000 children that are Vitamin A deficient develop
blindness each year
Iron
Affects approximately 30% of people in the world
Zinc
As of 2009, it was estimated that approximately 2 billion people were deficient in
zinc
13. Major issues related to nutrition insecurity
(World Health Assembly 2012)
• Stunting
• Anemia
• Low birth
weight
• Childhood
obesity
• Breastfeeding
• Wasting
14. So, What is the problem?
Understand the context
Linkages Ag-Nutrition-Health
Limited resources
Limited communication
Nutrition is not part of national agendas
Data on micronutrient status are absent (beyond hemoglobin) and collection is expensive
15. Pathway to ending hunger
Sustainable agricultural growth
Right to food and nutrition sensitive policies
More equitable food systems
Social protection
National political commitment
Public and private investment
Transparent and inclusive governance
16. 1. Commitment
Strengthen national targets on nutrition
Make a Nutrition for Growth commitment at Rio 2016
Join SUN!
2. Coverage
Increase coverage of nutrition programmes & measure coverage!
3. Coherence
Build alliances between nutrition & other communities
4. Cash
Find more funding for nutrition action
5. Counting
Identify the data gaps that hinder action—and fill them
17. International solidarity
Committee World Food Security
High Level Task Force on Global Food Security
Zero Hunger Challenge
100 % access to adequate food
zero stunted children less than 2 years old
all food systems sustainable
100 % increase in smallholder productivity and income
zero loss and waste of food
Innovative financing in food and nutrition security related programmes
Addressing food and nutrition security through Sustainable Development Goals post
2015 process
18. Challenges
Increasing global population
Climate change
Potable water shortage
Loss of arable land, urbanization
Increasing food wastage
Food related issues
Malnutrition
Obesity
19. Challenges
An increasing global population, in combination with climate change,
poses a threat to food security as arable land becomes more scarce
Global population: 4.4 billion 6.1 billion from 1980-2000
Projected 9 billion 2050
Food production: 50% increase from 1980-2000
Degradation of arable land:
75% in Central America
One-fifth in Africa
11% in Asia
Sample, I. (2007, August 31). Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land.
The Guardian. Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/aug/31/climatechange.food
20. Agri- nutria linkage based Integrated approach of blending the best of
both traditional and modern practices supports the food and nutrition
security issues.
Providing food and Nutrition education to all stake holders support to
enhance the food and nutrition security indicators
Focus on sensitizing women for nutrition sensitive agriculture
Fund allocation plays very important role.
Conclusion