1. SCALING UP AGRICULTURAL INNOVATIONS
TO ADDRESS HUNGER AND MALNUTRITION
Howarth Bouis, Founding Director, HarvestPlus | November 29, 2018

2. Percent Changes in Cereal and Pulse Production
and in Population Between 1965 and 1999
0
50
100
150
200
250
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Developing
India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Developing
World
Developing
Cereals Pulses Population

3. Figure 2. Price Indices By Food Group for India,
1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Cereals
Maximum During Time Period
Minimum During Time Period
Source:
Personal
Communication,
JV Meenakshi,
Delhi
School of
Economics
Three-Year Averages
PriceIndices

4. Figure 3. Price Indices By Food Group for India,
1970-2016, Deflated by Non-Food Price Index
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Pulses
Vegetables
Fruits
Eggs,Meat &
Fish
Maximum During Time Period
Minimum During Time Period
Source:
Personal
Communication,
JV Meenakshi,
Delhi
School of
Economics
Three-Year Averages
PriceIndices

5. Ethiopian Context: Prices of Nutritious Foods
Source: Bachewe, Hirvonen, Minten & Yimer (2017)
% change in inflation-adjusted prices, 2007-2016, by food group

6. A Primary Role of Agriculture Is To Provide
Nutrients for Healthy Populations
Supplementation
And Fortification
Unreached Populations
Present
Unreached Populations
Nutrient
Gap
Supplementation
And Fortification
Supply of
Nutrients
From
Agriculture
Future

7. Approaches to Improving Dietary Quality
Behavior
Food
Type
“Indirect” Approaches Which
Rely on Present Behaviors:
•Profit Incentive
•Desire for Dietary Diversity
“Direct” Approaches Which
Seek to Change Behavior:
Nutrition Education An
Essential Component
Staple Foods
(e.g. cereals,
roots & tubers)
• Biofortification:
Iron and Zinc
• Trace Minerals in Fertilizers
• Biofortification:
Provitamin A
Non-Staple Foods
(e.g. Vegetables,
Fruits, Pulses,
Animal Products)
• Increased Income
• Lower Prices
o Yield Increases through
Agricultural Research
o Operation Flood India
• Introducing Novel Crops
o Cowpea in India
• Nutrition-Sensitive
Agricultural Projects:
o Homestead Gardens