This slide explain historical evolution of the concept of food security, and future perspective

1. Copyright © 2020 JICA All Rights Reserved. Japan International Cooperation Agency
Global Trends on Nutrition
From the perspectives of agriculture

2. 1. EVOLUTION OF FOOD SECURITY
CONCEPT
2

3. Transition of “Food Security Concept”
- from volume to quality, and further expansion…
Year Keyword Scope of food security / nutrition
1974 Availability availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a
steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices
1983 Affordability …the ultimate objective of world food security should be to ensure that all people at all times
have both physical and economic access to the basic food they need.
1996 Quality …access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life
2015 Expansion of scope of
malnutrition
By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally
agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age…
2021 Food system
approach
A sustainable food system (SFS) is a food system that delivers food security and
nutrition for all in such a way that the economic, social and environmental bases to
generate food security and nutrition for future generations are not compromised.
3
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

4. From 50s up to 90s
1. During 1950s, many country were at the risk of serious hunger. One of the key issue
for development was “hunger reduction”
2. After green revolution in 1960s-1970s, world grain supply have been relatively
excess. International price decreased accordingly
3. Nevertheless, the world still see great number of population suffer from hunger and
we come to recognize hunger as a matter of disparity during late 1970s – 1980s.
4. By mid-80s, symptom of food security were investigated deeply and time dimension
were added (chronic and acute food insecurity)
5. Furthermore, food security debate come to emphasize quality aspect of diet in 90s
4
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

5. During 2007-2010 - Food crisis and following debate
1. In 2007/2008, however, world grain stock level reached lowest level in 30 years.
This was caused by
 oil price surge, bad weather in Australia and Europe, rapid demand growth of energy crop for bioethanol,
biodiesel,
2. This experience raised multiple issues to international agricultural community
including
 Carrying capacity of the world
 Sustainable use of bioenergy
 Responsible agricultural investment
 Monitoring / regulating speculation, trade embargo
 Resilience to the price fluctuation / natural calamity
5
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

6. Copyright © 2020 JICA All Rights Reserved. Japan International Cooperation Agency
What happened during last decade? (2007 - )

7. During 2008-2010 - Remarkable progress in nutrition agenda
1. It was well understood that nutrition and food security were non-divisible component.
However, it was not effectively harmonized in implementation
2. In 2008, LANCET released series of scientific papers to alarm limited support in Nutrition
and science based evidence on various nutrition intervention
3. The message received great attention from international community including G8 / G20.
Number of initiatives have been launched including Scaling Up Nutrition, established in
2010
4. SUN focused on “First 1000 days”, “13 prioritized nutrition intervention”, “multi-sector
approach including Agriculture, Health, Hygiene, and Education”
5. In 2013, Six Global Nutrition Target was adopted by WHO
7
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

8. Identified challenges in MDG  toward SDG
1. MDG1 review
 Target was nearly achieved
 Issue remains in regional discrepancy
 Further action required for hunger elimination
2. Arising Issues
 Support on groups left behind
 Vulnerable production assets
 Small scale family farming
 Nutrition improvement
3. SDGs
 Eliminate hunger
 All forms of malnutrition (acute malnutrition, chronic malnutrition, overnutrition)
 Support on family farming (no one left behind)
 Resilience enhancement (no one left behind)
 Biodiversity
8
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

9. 2010s-onward - systemic design for sustainability
• Through the course of international dialogue on global environmental issue
(i.e. SDG, climate change, biodiversity, etc.), it was identified that various
human activities, deeply connecting each other, giving positive and negative
impact to the environment
• Systemic approach was taken to clarify complex interrelationship among
various human activities and find out optimal balance among them
4/21/2024
9
Volume Equity Quality
Concept
expansion
Systemic
approach

10. About food system
4/21/2024
10
Sustainable food systems, conceptual framework, FAO Planetary Health Diet summary report, EAT-LANCET

11. SUSTAINABILITY IN FOOD SYSTEMS
• Why we need systemic approach
 because there are competition and
trade-offs among different policy
targets
• How can we manage this
 We have to optimize each targets to
make a good balance among different
policy targets
4/21/2024
11
Source: Sustainable food systems, conceptual framework, FAO

12. Competition and trade-off between three key issue: an example
4/21/2024
12
Nutrition
transition
Environment
Food
security
Land resource
Water resource
GHG emission
Biodiversity
Livestock farming
and
GHG/Biodiversity
Dietary transition
and economy
Growing population
Dietary transition
Climate change &
Biodiversity

13. 2. WHAT IS CURRENT DIETARY PATTERN
AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?
13

14. Three fundamental questions in food,
nutrition and environment
1. Are we eating healthy? →
2. Is our diet harming environment? →
3. Can earth satisfy growing food demand in a
sustainable manner?
→
14
No
Yes
Only if we could overcome set of challenges
Source: EAT-LANCET summary report

15. Dietary recommendation and current status
15

16. 16
Environmental target and
six future scenario

17. 3. POSSIBLE ACTIONS TO HARMONIZE
COMPETITION AND TRADE-OFFS
17

18. Three key approaches
to create synergetic impact
1. Dietary changes towards healthy diets
2. Technological and management-related changes
in food production (sustainable intensification)
3. Reductions in food loss and waste
18
Source: EAT-LANCET summary report

19. 4/21/2024
19
Thank you very much!
Any question / feedback?
Shunichi NAKADA
Nakada.Shunichi.2@jica.go.jp