Food security is defined as having access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. The FAO and WHO work to address food security globally. The FAO leads international efforts against hunger and India is a founding member. The WHO works on health issues and India joined in 1948. Definitions of food security have evolved over time to include availability, accessibility, affordability, and stability. The four pillars of food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability according to the FAO. India faces issues with over 200 million undernourished people and the government has implemented programs to address food security such as PDS, MDM, and employment guarantees.

1. Presented by- kartika Vijay Patil
MIT College of Food Technology

2. Food security
Food security is defined as the availability of food and
one's access to it.
Food security means
 Availability
 Accessibility
 Affordability of food
to all people all times

3. FAO and WHO
 The Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations is a specialized agency of
the United Nations that leads international
efforts to defeat hunger.
 In 1945 India became one of the founding members of FAO as a
low-income food-deficient country.
 World Health Organization (WHO) is the
United Nations’ specialized agency for Health.
It is an intergovernmental organization and
works in collaboration with its member states
usually through the Ministries of Health.
 India became a party to the WHO Constitution on 12 January 1948.

4. Definition of food security
 During the first summit in 1945, and WHO focused mainly in
increasing the volume of food available and keeping it stable and so
defined it as-
“Availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic
foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption
and to offset fluctuations in production and prices”
As the years passed by, the FAO and WHO saw that food security had
to be focused also on meeting the dietary needs of people coming
from every background may they be rich or poverty stricken and so
by 2001 they were able to define the concept properly as
“Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all
times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient,
safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and
food preferences for an active and healthy life”

5. Four pillars of food security
 The WHO stated that there are basically three pillars
of food security- food availability, food accessibility
and proper utilization
 During world food summit of 2009, the FAO
introduced the fourth pillar: stability of food,
availability, accessibility and proper utilization
 All four pillars are very important for food security

6. The three pillars of food security by WHO
FOOD AVAILIBILITY ACCESS TO FOOD FOOD UTILIZATION
Domestic production Purchasing power Food safety
Import capacity Income of population Hygiene and
manufacturing practices
Food stocks Transport and market
infrastructure
Diet quality and diversity
Food aid

7. The fourth pillar of food security by FAO
STABILITY OF SUPPLY AND ACCESS
Weather variability
Price fluctuation
Political factors
Economic factors

8. FAO priorities to fight against hunger Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition – contribute to
the eradication of hunger by facilitating policies and political commitments to
support food security and by making sure that up-to-date information about
hunger and nutrition challenges and solutions is available and accessible.
 Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and
sustainable – promote evidence-based policies and practices to support highly
productive agricultural sectors (crops, livestock, forestry and fisheries), while
ensuring that the natural resource base does not suffer in the process.
 Reduce rural poverty – help the rural poor gain access to the resources and
services they need – including rural employment and social protection – to
forge a path out of poverty.
 Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems – help to
build safe and efficient food systems that support smallholder agriculture and
reduce poverty and hunger in rural areas.
 Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises – help countries
to prepare for natural and human-caused disasters by reducing their risk and
enhancing the resilience of their food and agricultural systems.

9. Food Security Programmes In World
 TeleFood
 In 1997, FAO launched TeleFood, a campaign of concerts, sporting events and
other activities to harness the power of media, celebrities and concerned
citizens to help fight hunger. Since its start, the campaign has generated close
to US$28 million, €15 million in donations. Money raised through TeleFood
pays for small, sustainable projects that help small-scale farmers produce
more food for their families and communities.
 The projects provide tangible resources, such as fishing equipment, seeds and
agricultural implements.
 Right to Food Guidelines
 In 2004 the Right to Food Guidelines were adopted, offering guidance to
states on how to implement their obligations on the right to food.

10. Conti…
 Response to food crisis
 In December 2007, FAO launched its Initiative on Soaring
Food Prices to help small producers raise their output and
earn more.
 Codex Alimentarius
 FAO and the World Health Organization created the Codex
Alimentarius Commission in 1961 to develop food standards,
guidelines and texts such as codes of practice under the Joint
FAO/ WHO Food Standards Programme. The main aims of
the programme are protecting consumer health, ensuring
fair trade and promoting co-ordination of all food standards
work undertaken by intergovernmental and non-
governmental organizations.

11. Present Scenario of FoodSecurity in India
 India is home to more than 230 million undernourished people - 21%
population [FAO Report on The State of Food Insecurity in the World
2008’]
 About 1/2 of the population suffers from chronic under-nutrition
especially Children, Women & Elderly (lower income groups)
 The rise in food prices between 2005 and 2007 increased poverty by 3%
on an average. Extrapolating these results globally suggest that as a
result of the rise in food prices, total world poverty may have increased
by 73-105 million people [A recent study by World Bank -2008 in 8
countries]
 The rising prices have increased 41 million hungry in Asia and 24
million hungry in Sub-Saharan Africa
 Among the farmers, 84% are marginal and small farmers operating not
more than 2 hectares of land
 States facing problem of food insecurity-Uttar Pradesh (eastern and
south-eastern parts), Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra

12. Green Revolution
 Wheat, GreenRevolution’ in July 1968,1969.
 The highest rate of growth was achieved in Punjab
and Haryana, where foodgrain production jumped
from 7.23 million tonnes in 1964–65 to reach an alltime
high of 30.33 million tonnes in 1995–96.
 Production in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar,
Orissa and the northeastern states continued to
stagger.
 Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, on the other hand,
recorded significant increases in rice yield.

13. Policies and Programmes Taken For Food Security
 National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP)
 Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)
 Village Grain Banks Scheme
 Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
 Essential Commodities Act – 1955
 National Food Security Mission (NFSM) - 2007
 National Food Security Mission - Rice (NFSM-Rice)
 National Food Security Mission - Wheat (NFSM-Wheat)
 National Food Security Mission - Pulses (NFSM Pulses)
 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

14. Conti…
 Public Distribution System (PDS)
 Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDM)
 Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
 Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) etc.
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA)
As reported by the NSSO in the mid-1970s, important food
intervention programmes were introduced:
 Public Distribution System (PDS) for food grains
 Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) (introduced in
1975)
 Food-for-Work (FFW) (introduced in 1977–78).
 Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs)
 mid-day meals
 Employment programmes greatly contribute to food security by
increasing the income of the poor.

16. Government schemes
Government schemes
 PDS (initial Public Distribution System scheme)
 RPS (Revamped Public Distribution System)
 TPDS (Targeted Public Distribution System)
Special Schemes:
 AAY (Antyodaya Anna Yojana)
 APS (Annapurna Scheme)

18. Benefits from the PDS
 Stabilizes prices of food grains
 Makes food available at affordable prices
 By supplying food from surplus regions of the country
to the deficit ones, it helps in combating hunger and
famine
 Prices set with poor households in mind
 Provides income security to farmers in certain regions

19. Role of cooperatives in foodsecurity
 The cooperative societies set up shops to sell low priced goods to poor people.
 Tamil Nadu, around 94 per cent are being run by the cooperatives.
 In Delhi, Mother Dairy is making strides in provision of milk and vegetables
 Amul is another success story of cooperatives in milk and milk products from
Gujarat.
 In Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science ADS organises training
and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs.
 Grain Banks are now slowly taking shape in different parts of Maharashtra.
ADS efforts to set up Grain Banks, to facilitate replication through other NGOs
and to influence the Government’s policy on food security are thus paying
rich dividends.
 The ADS Grain Bank programme is acknowledged as a successful and
innovative food security intervention.

20. Thank you