The document summarizes key aspects of the integumentary system including the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It describes the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures. The epidermis contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells arranged in strata. The dermis has papillary and reticular layers. Accessory structures include hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, and nails. The integumentary system protects the body and regulates temperature, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, and immune function.
This document provides information on the anatomy and structure of the skin. It discusses the key layers and components of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, nails, fascia, and skin receptors. It also briefly describes some common skin conditions like boils, carbuncles, cysts, and paronchia. Skin grafts are also mentioned. The skin provides protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis for the body.
The document discusses faradic body treatment, also known as electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). EMS uses electrical pulses to stimulate muscle contraction, resulting in toning and tightening effects. A typical treatment lasts 30-40 minutes, 2-3 times per week for 4-6 weeks, followed by maintenance sessions every 2 weeks. The treatment works by directly stimulating motor nerves, causing muscle contraction without movement. Padding techniques like longitudinal, split, and duplicate are used to target different muscle groups.
The document discusses the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - as well as their sublayers and cellular composition. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium consisting of basal, spinous, granular, and horny layers. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The skin provides protection from external factors and regulates fluid balance.
The skin has two basic layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium and contains melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells. It has five layers - stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains collagen, elastic fibers, and cutaneous structures. It has two layers - a thin papillary dermis and a thick reticular dermis. The skin develops from the ectoderm and mesoderm germ layers during embryogenesis.
The skin is divided into three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains 4-5 layers of keratinocytes and other cell types. It acts as a barrier and regulates water balance. The dermis lies underneath and contains collagen, fibroblasts, and vasculature that provide structure and nourish the epidermis. It is divided into the papillary and reticular layers. The hypodermis is made of connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying structures. Skin appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails are also present. The skin has important protective, sensory, regulatory, and synthetic functions.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis acts as a barrier and is made up of keratinocytes and other specialized cells. The dermis contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels. The skin has several appendages including hair, nails, and glands that secrete sebum and sweat. Skin comes in different types depending on oil and moisture levels and sensitivity. The skin protects the body and has important sensory and immune functions.
The document discusses the structure and function of skin and fascia. It describes the layers of the skin - epidermis and dermis, and structures in the skin like hair, sweat glands, and nails. It also discusses the superficial fascia below the skin and deep fascia beneath it. The superficial fascia contains fat and the deep fascia invests muscles and other structures. The document ends with some clinical correlations and sample questions.
This document provides information on the anatomy and structure of the skin. It discusses the key layers and components of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, nails, fascia, and skin receptors. It also briefly describes some common skin conditions like boils, carbuncles, cysts, and paronchia. Skin grafts are also mentioned. The skin provides protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and vitamin D synthesis for the body.
The document discusses faradic body treatment, also known as electrical muscle stimulation (EMS). EMS uses electrical pulses to stimulate muscle contraction, resulting in toning and tightening effects. A typical treatment lasts 30-40 minutes, 2-3 times per week for 4-6 weeks, followed by maintenance sessions every 2 weeks. The treatment works by directly stimulating motor nerves, causing muscle contraction without movement. Padding techniques like longitudinal, split, and duplicate are used to target different muscle groups.
The document discusses the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - as well as their sublayers and cellular composition. The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium consisting of basal, spinous, granular, and horny layers. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The skin provides protection from external factors and regulates fluid balance.
The skin has two basic layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium and contains melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells. It has five layers - stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains collagen, elastic fibers, and cutaneous structures. It has two layers - a thin papillary dermis and a thick reticular dermis. The skin develops from the ectoderm and mesoderm germ layers during embryogenesis.
The skin is divided into three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis contains 4-5 layers of keratinocytes and other cell types. It acts as a barrier and regulates water balance. The dermis lies underneath and contains collagen, fibroblasts, and vasculature that provide structure and nourish the epidermis. It is divided into the papillary and reticular layers. The hypodermis is made of connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying structures. Skin appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails are also present. The skin has important protective, sensory, regulatory, and synthetic functions.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis acts as a barrier and is made up of keratinocytes and other specialized cells. The dermis contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels. The skin has several appendages including hair, nails, and glands that secrete sebum and sweat. Skin comes in different types depending on oil and moisture levels and sensitivity. The skin protects the body and has important sensory and immune functions.
The document discusses the structure and function of skin and fascia. It describes the layers of the skin - epidermis and dermis, and structures in the skin like hair, sweat glands, and nails. It also discusses the superficial fascia below the skin and deep fascia beneath it. The superficial fascia contains fat and the deep fascia invests muscles and other structures. The document ends with some clinical correlations and sample questions.
skin and fascia description for medical students from clinical anatomy by richard s. snell .you get everything you want follow me back and tell anything which is in your heart :) <3
slides by our kind hearted teacher MAM AMMARAH :)
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium. It has several sublayers including the basal, spinous, granular, and stratum corneum layers. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains collagen, elastin, and ground substance. It has two layers - a papillary and reticular layer. Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands are found in the dermis. The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis and contains fat.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the integumentary system. It describes that the integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures, including hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. It provides details on the structure and layers of the skin, functions such as temperature regulation and protection, and the roles of hair, nails, and glands.
1. The document discusses the physiology of skeletal muscle.
2. It describes the motor unit as the functional unit of skeletal muscle, composed of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
3. The structure and function of the neuromuscular junction is explained, where an action potential triggers the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron, causing muscle fiber depolarization and contraction.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - as well as various cell types found in the epidermis like keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. It also discusses skin appendages such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The summary concludes by noting the integumentary system acts as a protective barrier and regulates temperature and moisture.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of skin - epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. It details the cells and structures found in each layer, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Functions of the skin like protection, temperature regulation and sensation are covered. Skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are discussed. Stages of burns and skin changes throughout life are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the skin and its appendages. It notes that the skin is the largest organ and is composed of three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis provides protection and waterproofing and has several layers including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. The dermis lies underneath and contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin. The document also describes skin appendages like hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails, and their structure and functions.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
The skin completely covers the body and protects underlying structures. It has two main layers, the epidermis and dermis, with sensory nerve endings in the dermis that detect touch, temperature, pressure, and pain. Sensory receptors in the dermis are activated by stimuli and send nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain where sensations are perceived, making the skin an important sensory organ.
The skin has two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides a protective barrier. It has five layers including the stratum corneum. The dermis lies beneath and contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It consists of two layers - the papillary and reticular layers. Skin appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands develop at the epidermal-dermal junction. Hair has a root that goes deep in the dermis and a shaft that projects out. Sweat glands secrete sweat which helps cool the body and remove waste.
The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer made up of stratified squamous epithelium. It contains no blood vessels and is divided into five sublayers - stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels. It is divided into the papillary and reticular regions. The innermost layer, the hypodermis, is made up of loose connective tissue and stores fat.
This document provides an overview of epithelial tissues and their functions. It discusses the four main characteristics of epithelial tissues: cellularity, polarity, attachment, and avascularity. It also describes the four main types of epithelial cells - squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional - and how epithelial tissues are classified as simple or stratified. Additionally, it examines the three modes of epithelial secretion: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. In summary, the document provides a detailed introduction to the structure and functions of epithelial tissues.
The document summarizes the structure and layers of skin. It describes the three main layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. It provides details on the 5 layers of the epidermis including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. It also discusses structures like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis has multiple layers of keratinized cells that help protect the body. The dermis contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels that provide strength and nourishment to the skin. Accessory structures like hair, nails and glands also have important protective and sensory functions. The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens and regulates temperature, while also producing vitamin D and sensing touch.
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most terrestrial vertebrates with significant exposure to sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis.
1. Cell Junctions
Cell junctions are contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells.
The five most important types of cell junctions:
◦ Tight junctions,
◦ Adherens junctions,
◦ Desmosomes,
◦ Hemidesmosomes, and
◦ Gap junctions
2. Tight Junctions
Tight junctions consist of web like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together to seal off passageways between adjacent cells.
Cells of epithelial tissues that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder have many tight junctions to retard the passage of substances between cells and prevent the contents of these organs from leaking into the blood or surrounding tissues.
3. Adherens Junctions
Adherens junctions contain plaque, a dense layer of proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins join the cells.
Each cadherin proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane in inserts into the plaque from the opposite side of the plasma membrane, partially crosses the intercellular space (the space between the cells), and connects to cadherins of an adjacent cell.
4. Adherens Junctions (contd.)
In epithelial cells, adherens junctions often form extensive zones called adhesion belts because they encircle the cell similar to the way a belt encircles your waist.
Adherens junctions help epithelial surfaces resist separation during various contractile activities, as when food moves through the intestines.
5. Desmosomes
Like adherens junctions, desmosomes contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherins) that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another.
However, unlike adherens junctions, the plaque of desmosomes does not attach to microfilaments. Instead, a desmosome plaque attaches to elements of the cytoskeleton known as intermediate filaments that consist of the protein keratin.
The intermediate filaments extend from desmosomes on one side of the cell across the cytosol to desmosomes on the opposite side of the cell.
6. Desmosomes (contd.)
This structural arrangement contributes to the stability of the cells and tissue.
These spot-weld-like junctions are common among the cells that make up the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin) and among cardiac muscle cells in the heart.
Desmosomes prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contraction.
7. Hemidesmosomes
Hemidesmosomes resemble desmosomes but they do not link adjacent cells. The name arises from the fact that they look like half of a desmosome.
However, the transmembrane glycoproteins in hemidesmosomes are integrins rather than cadherins.
On the inside of the plasma membrane, integrins attach to intermediate filaments made of the protein keratin.
The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, and melanocytes that produce melanin pigment. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains collagen, elastic fibers, and sensory receptors. The deepest layer, the subcutaneous tissue, contains fat and connective tissue. Skin has appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The skin acts as a barrier and regulates body temperature, and contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and temperature.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium without blood vessels and contains five layers including the basal and stratum corneum layers. Below the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands. Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, and exocrine glands that secrete sebum from sebaceous glands or sweat from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. The integumentary system acts as a
The tongue is covered with papillae that contain thousands of taste buds. These taste buds have receptors that send signals to the brain about the five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Saliva dissolves food to allow the taste buds to detect flavors. The nose also helps identify flavors, as odor molecules travel to nasal receptors when food is chewed. This is why food tastes bland with a cold, as nasal passages are blocked from odor molecules.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer and contains no blood vessels. It has multiple layers that cells move through as they are replaced every 28 days. The dermis lies below and contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels that provide structure and nourishment. It has two layers - a papillary layer with nerve endings and a reticular layer with hair follicles and glands. The deepest layer, subcutaneous tissue, contains fat and connects the dermis to underlying structures. Together these layers contain millions of cells, yards of blood vessels and nerves, and various sensory receptors and appendages like hair and glands.
The document summarizes key aspects of the integumentary system including the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It describes the main layers of the skin - epidermis and dermis - and accessory structures. The epidermis contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells arranged in strata. The dermis has two layers - papillary and reticular. Accessory structures include hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, and nails. The integumentary system functions include protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and immune defense. Aging impacts the skin through thinning, reduced cell activity, and slower repair.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the integumentary system. It covers the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, and skin pigmentation. Key points include that the epidermis has 5 layers, melanin provides skin color and protects from UV rays, the dermis has two layers and contains blood vessels and nerves, and the hypodermis connects the dermis to underlying tissues. Hair follicles extend into the dermis and hair has three layers. Sebaceous and sweat glands secrete oils and sweat to cool and protect the skin.
skin and fascia description for medical students from clinical anatomy by richard s. snell .you get everything you want follow me back and tell anything which is in your heart :) <3
slides by our kind hearted teacher MAM AMMARAH :)
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium. It has several sublayers including the basal, spinous, granular, and stratum corneum layers. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains collagen, elastin, and ground substance. It has two layers - a papillary and reticular layer. Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands are found in the dermis. The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis and contains fat.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the integumentary system. It describes that the integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures, including hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. It provides details on the structure and layers of the skin, functions such as temperature regulation and protection, and the roles of hair, nails, and glands.
1. The document discusses the physiology of skeletal muscle.
2. It describes the motor unit as the functional unit of skeletal muscle, composed of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates.
3. The structure and function of the neuromuscular junction is explained, where an action potential triggers the release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron, causing muscle fiber depolarization and contraction.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the two main layers of the skin - the epidermis and dermis - as well as various cell types found in the epidermis like keratinocytes, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells. It also discusses skin appendages such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. The summary concludes by noting the integumentary system acts as a protective barrier and regulates temperature and moisture.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of skin - epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. It details the cells and structures found in each layer, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Functions of the skin like protection, temperature regulation and sensation are covered. Skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma are discussed. Stages of burns and skin changes throughout life are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the skin and its appendages. It notes that the skin is the largest organ and is composed of three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis provides protection and waterproofing and has several layers including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. The dermis lies underneath and contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. The deepest layer, the hypodermis, stores fat and anchors the skin. The document also describes skin appendages like hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails, and their structure and functions.
The power point is just to help learners to have basic understanding on the anatomy and physiology of the skin (integumentary system).
The two major classes of the skin has been briefly stated as well as the major layers of the skin.
The skin completely covers the body and protects underlying structures. It has two main layers, the epidermis and dermis, with sensory nerve endings in the dermis that detect touch, temperature, pressure, and pain. Sensory receptors in the dermis are activated by stimuli and send nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain where sensations are perceived, making the skin an important sensory organ.
The skin has two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and provides a protective barrier. It has five layers including the stratum corneum. The dermis lies beneath and contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It consists of two layers - the papillary and reticular layers. Skin appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands develop at the epidermal-dermal junction. Hair has a root that goes deep in the dermis and a shaft that projects out. Sweat glands secrete sweat which helps cool the body and remove waste.
The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer made up of stratified squamous epithelium. It contains no blood vessels and is divided into five sublayers - stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and blood vessels. It is divided into the papillary and reticular regions. The innermost layer, the hypodermis, is made up of loose connective tissue and stores fat.
This document provides an overview of epithelial tissues and their functions. It discusses the four main characteristics of epithelial tissues: cellularity, polarity, attachment, and avascularity. It also describes the four main types of epithelial cells - squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional - and how epithelial tissues are classified as simple or stratified. Additionally, it examines the three modes of epithelial secretion: merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. In summary, the document provides a detailed introduction to the structure and functions of epithelial tissues.
The document summarizes the structure and layers of skin. It describes the three main layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. It provides details on the 5 layers of the epidermis including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. It also discusses structures like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. The epidermis has multiple layers of keratinized cells that help protect the body. The dermis contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels that provide strength and nourishment to the skin. Accessory structures like hair, nails and glands also have important protective and sensory functions. The skin acts as a barrier against pathogens and regulates temperature, while also producing vitamin D and sensing touch.
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside. The system comprises the skin and its appendages (including hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it may serve to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, and regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In most terrestrial vertebrates with significant exposure to sunlight, the integumentary system also provides for vitamin D synthesis.
1. Cell Junctions
Cell junctions are contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells.
The five most important types of cell junctions:
◦ Tight junctions,
◦ Adherens junctions,
◦ Desmosomes,
◦ Hemidesmosomes, and
◦ Gap junctions
2. Tight Junctions
Tight junctions consist of web like strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes together to seal off passageways between adjacent cells.
Cells of epithelial tissues that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder have many tight junctions to retard the passage of substances between cells and prevent the contents of these organs from leaking into the blood or surrounding tissues.
3. Adherens Junctions
Adherens junctions contain plaque, a dense layer of proteins and to microfilaments of the cytoskeleton.
Transmembrane glycoproteins called cadherins join the cells.
Each cadherin proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches both to membrane in inserts into the plaque from the opposite side of the plasma membrane, partially crosses the intercellular space (the space between the cells), and connects to cadherins of an adjacent cell.
4. Adherens Junctions (contd.)
In epithelial cells, adherens junctions often form extensive zones called adhesion belts because they encircle the cell similar to the way a belt encircles your waist.
Adherens junctions help epithelial surfaces resist separation during various contractile activities, as when food moves through the intestines.
5. Desmosomes
Like adherens junctions, desmosomes contain plaque and have transmembrane glycoproteins (cadherins) that extend into the intercellular space between adjacent cell membranes and attach cells to one another.
However, unlike adherens junctions, the plaque of desmosomes does not attach to microfilaments. Instead, a desmosome plaque attaches to elements of the cytoskeleton known as intermediate filaments that consist of the protein keratin.
The intermediate filaments extend from desmosomes on one side of the cell across the cytosol to desmosomes on the opposite side of the cell.
6. Desmosomes (contd.)
This structural arrangement contributes to the stability of the cells and tissue.
These spot-weld-like junctions are common among the cells that make up the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin) and among cardiac muscle cells in the heart.
Desmosomes prevent epidermal cells from separating under tension and cardiac muscle cells from pulling apart during contraction.
7. Hemidesmosomes
Hemidesmosomes resemble desmosomes but they do not link adjacent cells. The name arises from the fact that they look like half of a desmosome.
However, the transmembrane glycoproteins in hemidesmosomes are integrins rather than cadherins.
On the inside of the plasma membrane, integrins attach to intermediate filaments made of the protein keratin.
The skin has three layers - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, and melanocytes that produce melanin pigment. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains collagen, elastic fibers, and sensory receptors. The deepest layer, the subcutaneous tissue, contains fat and connective tissue. Skin has appendages like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails. The skin acts as a barrier and regulates body temperature, and contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, and temperature.
The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium without blood vessels and contains five layers including the basal and stratum corneum layers. Below the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands. Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, and exocrine glands that secrete sebum from sebaceous glands or sweat from eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. The integumentary system acts as a
The tongue is covered with papillae that contain thousands of taste buds. These taste buds have receptors that send signals to the brain about the five basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami. Saliva dissolves food to allow the taste buds to detect flavors. The nose also helps identify flavors, as odor molecules travel to nasal receptors when food is chewed. This is why food tastes bland with a cold, as nasal passages are blocked from odor molecules.
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer and contains no blood vessels. It has multiple layers that cells move through as they are replaced every 28 days. The dermis lies below and contains collagen, elastin and blood vessels that provide structure and nourishment. It has two layers - a papillary layer with nerve endings and a reticular layer with hair follicles and glands. The deepest layer, subcutaneous tissue, contains fat and connects the dermis to underlying structures. Together these layers contain millions of cells, yards of blood vessels and nerves, and various sensory receptors and appendages like hair and glands.
The document summarizes key aspects of the integumentary system including the skin, hair, nails, and glands. It describes the main layers of the skin - epidermis and dermis - and accessory structures. The epidermis contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells arranged in strata. The dermis has two layers - papillary and reticular. Accessory structures include hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, and nails. The integumentary system functions include protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and immune defense. Aging impacts the skin through thinning, reduced cell activity, and slower repair.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the integumentary system. It covers the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, and skin pigmentation. Key points include that the epidermis has 5 layers, melanin provides skin color and protects from UV rays, the dermis has two layers and contains blood vessels and nerves, and the hypodermis connects the dermis to underlying tissues. Hair follicles extend into the dermis and hair has three layers. Sebaceous and sweat glands secrete oils and sweat to cool and protect the skin.
The document summarizes key aspects of the integumentary system. It describes the main components as the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and accessory structures like hair, nails, and glands. It provides details on the layers of the epidermis and dermis. It also discusses functions of the integumentary system like protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and excretion. Additionally, it covers topics like skin color, effects of sunlight, and hair and hair follicles.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of the skin - the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis contains stratified squamous epithelium and provides protection. Hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands are accessory structures in the skin. The integumentary system functions include protection, temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, and secretion. Sunlight can beneficially produce vitamin D but also increases skin cancer risk if excessive.
The document summarizes the key components and functions of the integumentary system. It describes the three main layers of the skin - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis - and provides details on their structure and roles. The epidermis contains stratified squamous epithelium and provides protection, while the dermis is made of connective tissue and contains structures like hair follicles and sweat glands. The hypodermis is a layer of loose connective tissue that stabilizes the skin and stores fat. The document also discusses functions like temperature regulation, vitamin D synthesis, and sensory reception.
The document provides an overview of the integumentary system, including the structure and functions of the skin and its derivatives. It defines key terms and discusses the layers of the epidermis and dermis. Accessory organs like sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails are described. The functions of skin include protection, regulation of body temperature, sensation, excretion, absorption, immunity, and synthesis of vitamin D. Skin color and various markings are also covered.
The document provides information about the skin and its layers. It discusses the three main layers of the skin - the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It describes the layers of the epidermis in detail, including the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum. It also discusses melanin production, skin color, skin functions, and skin appendages such as sweat glands, oil glands and hair.
Integumentary system
-The organs of the integumentary system include the skin and its accessory structures including hair, nails, and glands, as well as blood vessels, muscles and nerves.
-Dermatology is the medical specialty for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the integumentary system.
Structure Of The Skin
The skin (cutaneous membrane) covers the body and is the largest organ of the body by surface area and weight.
Its area is about 2 square meters (22 square feet) and weighs 4.5-5kg (10-11 lb), about 7% of body weight.
It is 0.5 – 4 mm thick, thinnest on the eyelids, thickest on the heels, the average thickness is 1 – 2 mm.
It consists of two major layers:
Outer, thinner layer called the epidermis, consists of epithelial tissue. Inner, thicker layer called the dermis.
Beneath the dermis is a subcutaneous layer (also called hypodermis) which attaches the skin to the underlying tissues and organs.
1. EPIDERMIS
-Covers, protects and waterproofs.
Contains five main layers:
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
The epidermis has a number of important characteristics:
The epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
-It contains four major types of cells:
Keratinocytes (90% of the cells): It produce keratin which is a tough fibrous protein that provides protection.
-Melanocytes: which produce the pigment melanin that protects against damage by ultraviolet radiation.
-Langerhans cells: involved in immune responses, arise from red bone marrow.
-Merkel cells: which function in the sensation of touch along with the adjacent tactile discs.
2. DERMIS
-It is a deeper layer of skin, composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers.
-It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands.
-The epidermis is avascular and cells of this layer get their oxygen and nutrients from capillaries in the dermis.
-The dermis can be divided into papillary layer and reticular layer.
Hypodermis :
- The hypodermis (also called the subcutaneous layer) is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles.
--Two types of glands are present in the skin over most of the body
These are sweat glands and sebaceous glands.
--Function Of Skin
Protection:
Sensation:
Heat regulation:
Storage and synthesis:
Synthesis of vitamin D:
Excretion and homeostasis:
Secretion:
Absorption:
Water resistance:
Colour :
Healing of wounds:
Aids in the diagnosis:
The skin is the largest organ of the body that protects us from damage and regulates body temperature. It is made up of three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer and contains keratinocytes that produce keratin, while the dermis lies underneath and contains structures like hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
The document provides information on the integumentary system, skeletal system, and joints. It includes sections on the structure and functions of skin, as well as the structure of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and types of bones. Key points covered are the layers of the skin (epidermis and dermis), structures in the skin (sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands), functions of skin (protection, temperature regulation, sensation), and divisions of the skeletal system into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
The document discusses the integumentary system, specifically focusing on the skin and its structures and functions. It describes the skin as comprising two main layers - the outer epidermis and inner dermis. The epidermis contains keratin and has no direct blood supply, while the dermis contains blood vessels, fibers, and nerve endings. The document also discusses sweat glands that release sweat to regulate temperature, sebaceous glands that produce sebum, hair follicles, melanocytes that produce pigment, and keratinocytes that form the outer protective layer and produce keratin. Vitamin D is also synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight.
The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures. The skin is the largest organ of the body and has several layers, including the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium with keratinocytes that produce keratin. The dermis contains collagen, fibers and structures like hair follicles. Accessory structures include hair, nails, and glands. Hair provides protection while glands like sebaceous glands secrete oils to moisturize the skin. The integumentary system acts as a barrier and helps regulate body temperature.
Normal histology of skin with pathological skin conditions.pptxDr.Sunil mitran
The skin has three main layers - the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. It is divided into five layers from superficial to deep: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. The dermis lies below the epidermis and contains fibroblasts, mast cells, and adipocytes. It is divided into the papillary and reticular dermis. Skin appendages include hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands. The skin is the largest organ and has two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of keratinized epithelial tissue and contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells. The dermis is made of connective tissue. Hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands are accessory structures that develop from the epidermis and serve protective and temperature regulating functions. The integumentary system maintains body temperature, protects the internal organs, and detects sensations.
The document discusses the structure and function of human skin. It is divided into two main parts:
1. The epidermis is the outermost layer composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue in 5 layers - stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. Keratinocytes make up most of the epidermis and produce keratin for protection.
2. The dermis lies below the epidermis and is composed of connective tissue including blood vessels, hair follicles, and glands. It contains two layers - the papillary dermis and reticular dermis which provide structure, elasticity and connective
This document discusses suffixes and terminology used in medicine. It begins by listing common combining forms used to build medical terms and their meanings. It then defines several noun, adjective, and shorter suffixes and provides their meanings. Examples are given of medical terms built using combining forms and suffixes. The document also examines specific medical concepts in more depth, such as hernias, blood cells, acromegaly, splenomegaly, and laparoscopy.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It also describes the body cavities and identifies the major organs contained within each cavity, as well as anatomical divisions of the abdomen and back.
This document is from a textbook on medical terminology. It discusses the basic structure of medical words and how they are built from prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms. Some key points:
- Medical terms are made up of elements including roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combining vowels. Understanding these elements is important for analyzing terms.
- Common prefixes include hypo-, epi-, and cis-. Common suffixes include -itis, -algia, and -ectomy.
- Dozens of combining forms are provided, such as gastro- meaning stomach, cardi- meaning heart, and aden- meaning gland.
- Rules are provided for analyzing terms, such as reading from the suffix backward and dropping combining vowels before suffixes starting with vowels
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 25 on Cancer from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by a team that includes Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 24 on Immunology from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
Nerve cells, also known as neurons, are highly specialized cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. This chapter discusses the structure and function of neurons, how they communicate with each other via synapses, and how signals are propagated along neurons through changes in their membrane potentials. Neurons play a vital role in the nervous system by allowing organisms to process information and coordinate their responses.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 22 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "The Molecular Cell Biology of Development" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 21 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 20 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 19 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Integrating Cells into Tissues" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses microtubules and intermediate filaments, which are types of cytoskeletal filaments that help organize and move cellular components. Microtubules are involved in processes like cell division and intracellular transport, while intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and help integrate the nucleus with the cytoplasm. Together, these filaments play important structural and functional roles in eukaryotic cells.
This chapter discusses microfilaments, which are one of the three main types of cytoskeletal filaments found in eukaryotic cells. Microfilaments are composed of actin filaments and play important roles in cell motility, structure, and intracellular transport. They allow cells to change shape and to move by contracting or extending parts of the cell surface.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 16 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Signaling Pathways that Control Gene Activity" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 15 of the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira. It provides the chapter title "Cell Signaling I: Signal Transduction and Short-Term Cellular Responses" and notes the copyright is held by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright page for Chapter 14 from the 6th edition textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis" and is authored by a group of scientists including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses how proteins are transported into membranes and organelles within cells. Proteins destined for membranes or organelles have targeting signals that are recognized by transport systems. The transport systems then direct the proteins to their proper destinations, such as inserting membrane proteins into membranes or delivering soluble proteins into organelles.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 12 from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Cellular Energetics" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
This chapter discusses the transmembrane transport of ions and small molecules across cell membranes. It covers topics such as passive transport through membrane channels and pumps, as well as active transport using ATP. The chapter is from the 6th edition of the textbook Molecular Cell Biology and is copyrighted by W. H. Freeman and Company in 2008.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 10, titled "Biomembrane Structure", from the sixth edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter was written by a team of authors including Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh and Matsudaira.
This document is the copyright information for Chapter 9 from the 6th edition of the textbook "Molecular Cell Biology" published in 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company. The chapter is titled "Visualizing, Fractionating, and Culturing Cells" and is authored by Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Bretscher, Ploegh, and Matsudaira.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.