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Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1
The Language OfThe Language Of
MedicineMedicine
1010thth
editionedition
Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner
Chapter 2
Terms Pertaining to the
Body as a Whole
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3
Chapter Goals
• Define terms that apply to the structural
organization of the body.
• Identify the body cavities and recognize the
organs contained within those cavities.
• Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical
divisions of the abdomen.
• Locate and name the anatomical divisions of
the back.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4
Chapter Goals (cont’d)
• Become acquainted with terms that describe
positions, directions, and planes of the body.
• Identify the meanings for new word elements
and use them to understand medical terms.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5
Chapter 2
Lesson 2.1
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6
Structural Organization of the Body
• CELLS
• TISSUES
• ORGANS
• SYSTEMS
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7
Structural Organization of the Body
Cells—The
fundamental unit of
all living things
• Major parts of a cell
include:
– Chromosomes
– Nucleus
– Cell membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Mitochondria
– Endoplasmic reticulum
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8
Structural Organization of the Body
• CELL—The fundamental unit of all living things
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9
Study Section 1
• Anabolism
• Catabolism
• Cell membrane
• Chromosomes
• Cytoplasm
• DNA
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Genes
• Karyotype
• Metabolism
• Mitochondria
• Nucleus
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10
Structural Organization of the Body
• Cells are specialized to
carry out individual
functions.
• Identify the following in
the image
– Epithelial cell
– Fat cell
– Nerve cell
– Muscle cell
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11
Structural Organization of the Body
(cont’d)
Types of cells
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12
Structural Organization of the Body
(cont’d)
Tissues
• Different tissue types include:
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nerve tissue
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13
Structural Organization of the Body
(cont’d)
• Organs: Different types of tissue
combine to form an organ
• Systems: Groups of organs working
together to perform complex
functions
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14
Study Section 2
• Adipose tissue
• Cartilage
• Epithelial cells
• Histologist
• Larynx
• Pharynx
• Pituitary gland
• Thyroid gland
• Trachea
• Ureter
• Urethra
• Uterus
• Viscera
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15
Body Cavities and Organs
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Spinal
Brain
Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial
tubes, thymus gland, aorta
Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen,
pancreas, liver, gall bladder
Portions of the small and large intestines,
bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus
and vagina in female
Nerves of the spinal cord
CavityCavity Organ(s)Organ(s)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16
Body Cavities
• Label the body cavities in
the figure
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17
Body Cavities (cont’d)
• Body cavities are the
spaces within the body
that contain internal
organs (viscera).
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18
QUICK QUIZ:
1. Which body cavity contains the pleural
cavity and the mediastinum?
A. Cranial
B. Pelvic
C. Spinal
D. Thoracic
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19
QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d)
2. Which body cavity contains the
peritoneum?
A. Abdominal
B. Pelvic
C. Spinal
D. Thoracic
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20
Organs of the
Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21
Organs of the Abdominopelvic
and Thoracic Cavities (cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22
Study Section 3
• Abdominal cavity
• Cranial cavity
• Diaphragm
• Dorsal (posterior)
• Mediastinum
• Pelvic cavity
• Peritoneum
• Pleura
• Pleural cavity
• Spinal cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Ventral (anterior)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23
Abdominopelvic Regions and
Quadrants
Regions
Right hypochondriac region
Left hypochondriac region
Epigastric region
Right lumbar region
Left lumbar region
Umbilical region
Right inguinal region
Left inguinal region
Hypogastric region
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24
Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25
Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26
Abdominopelvic Regions and
Quadrants
• Quadrants
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
(cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29
Chapter 2
Lesson 2.2
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacral
• Coccygeal
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
(cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32
Anatomical Divisions of the Back
(cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33
Study Section 4
• Abdominopelvic
Regions:
Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Lumbar
Umbilical
Inguinal
Hypogastric
• Abdominopelvic
Quadrants:
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34
Study Section 4 (cont’d)
• Divisions of the Back:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
• Related Terms:
Vertebra
Vertebrae
Spinal column
Spinal cord
Disk (disc)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35
QUICK QUIZ:
3. Name the abdominopelvic region that is
located in the central region near the navel.
A. Inguinal
B. Umbilical
C. Lumbar
D. Hypochondriac
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36
QUICK QUIZ:
(cont’d)
4. Name the abdominopelvic region that is
located in the lower middle below the
umbilical region.
A. Inguinal
B. Epigastric
C. Lumbar
D. Hypogastric
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37
Positions, Directions, and Planes of
the Body
•Positional and Directional Terms
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Deep
Superficial
Proximal
Distal
 Inferior
 Superior
 Medial
 Lateral
 Supine
 Prone
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38
Positional and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39
Positional and Directional Terms
(cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40
Positions, Directions, and
Planes of the Body (cont’d)
• Planes of the Body
Frontal (coronal)
Sagittal (lateral)
Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41
Positional and Directional Terms
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42
Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 43
Study Section 5
• Anterior (ventral)
• Deep
• Distal
• Frontal (coronal) plane
• Inferior (caudal)
• Lateral
• Medial
• Posterior (dorsal)
• Prone
• Proximal
• Sagittal (lateral) plane
• Superficial
• Superior (cephalic)
• Supine
• Transverse (axial) plane
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 44
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes
abdomin/o __________
adip/o __________
anter/o __________
bol/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 45
Combining Forms, Suffixes, and
Prefixes
abdomin/o abdomen
adip/o fat
anter/o front
bol/o to cast (throw)
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 46
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
cervic/o __________
chondr/o __________
chrom/o __________
coccyg/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 47
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
cervic/o neck (of the body or uterus)
chondr/o cartilage
chrom/o color
coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone)
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 48
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
crani/o __________
cyt/o __________
dist/o __________
dors/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 49
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
crani/o skull
cyt/o cell
dist/o far, distant
dors/o back portion of the body
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 50
Combining Forms, Suffixes
and Prefixes (cont’d)
hist/o, histi/o __________
ili/o __________
inguin/o __________
kary/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 51
Combining Forms, Suffixes
and Prefixes (cont’d)
hist/o, histi/o tissue
ili/o ilium (of the pelvic bone)
inguin/o groin
kary/o nucleus
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 52
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
later/o __________
lumb/o __________
medi/o __________
nucle/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 53
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
later/o side
lumb/o lower back
medi/o middle
nucle/o nucleus
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 54
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
pelv/i __________
poster/o __________
proxim/o __________
sacr/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 55
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
pelv/i pelvis
poster/o back, behind
proxim/o nearest
sacr/o sacrum
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 56
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
sarc/o __________
spin/o __________
thel/o, theli/o __________
thorac/o __________
trache/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 57
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
sarc/o flesh
spin/o spine, backbone
thel/o, theli/o nipple
thorac/o chest
trache/o trachea, windpipe
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 58
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
umbilic/o __________
ventr/o __________
vertebr/o _____________
viscer/o __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 59
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
umbilic/o navel, umbilicus
ventr/o belly side of the body
vertebr/o vertebra(e), backbone(s)
viscer/o internal organs
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 60
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
ana- __________
cata- __________
epi- __________
hypo- __________
inter- __________
meta- __________
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 61
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
ana- up
cata- down
epi- above
hypo- below
inter- between
meta- change
Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 62
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
-eal __________
-iac __________
-ior __________
-ism __________
-ose __________
-plasm __________
-somes __________
-type __________
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 63
Combining Forms, Suffixes,
and Prefixes (cont’d)
-eal pertaining to
-iac pertaining to
-ior pertaining to
-ism process, condition
-ose pertaining to, full of
-plasm formation
-somes bodies
-type picture, classification
SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 64
QUICK QUIZ:
5. Which term means process of cutting the
skull?
A. Thoracotomy
B. Craniotomy
C. Diskectomy
D. Arthroscopy
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 65
Pronunciation
Guide Review
• ā as in āpe
• ē as in ēven
• ī as in īce
• ō as in ōpen
• ū as in ūnit
• ă as in ăpple
• ĕ as in ĕvery
• ĭ as in ĭnterest
• ŏ as in pŏt
• ŭ as in ŭnder
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 66
Pronunciation
Examples:
adipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs
caudal KĂW- dăl
distal DĬS-tăl
trachea TRĀ-kē-ă

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Chapter002 150831173907-lva1-app6892

  • 1. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 The Language OfThe Language Of MedicineMedicine 1010thth editionedition Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner
  • 2. Chapter 2 Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2
  • 3. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Chapter Goals • Define terms that apply to the structural organization of the body. • Identify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those cavities. • Locate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen. • Locate and name the anatomical divisions of the back.
  • 4. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Chapter Goals (cont’d) • Become acquainted with terms that describe positions, directions, and planes of the body. • Identify the meanings for new word elements and use them to understand medical terms.
  • 5. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Chapter 2 Lesson 2.1
  • 6. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Structural Organization of the Body • CELLS • TISSUES • ORGANS • SYSTEMS
  • 7. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Structural Organization of the Body Cells—The fundamental unit of all living things • Major parts of a cell include: – Chromosomes – Nucleus – Cell membrane – Cytoplasm – Mitochondria – Endoplasmic reticulum
  • 8. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Structural Organization of the Body • CELL—The fundamental unit of all living things
  • 9. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Study Section 1 • Anabolism • Catabolism • Cell membrane • Chromosomes • Cytoplasm • DNA • Endoplasmic reticulum • Genes • Karyotype • Metabolism • Mitochondria • Nucleus
  • 10. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Structural Organization of the Body • Cells are specialized to carry out individual functions. • Identify the following in the image – Epithelial cell – Fat cell – Nerve cell – Muscle cell
  • 11. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Structural Organization of the Body (cont’d) Types of cells
  • 12. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Structural Organization of the Body (cont’d) Tissues • Different tissue types include: Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue
  • 13. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Structural Organization of the Body (cont’d) • Organs: Different types of tissue combine to form an organ • Systems: Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
  • 14. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Study Section 2 • Adipose tissue • Cartilage • Epithelial cells • Histologist • Larynx • Pharynx • Pituitary gland • Thyroid gland • Trachea • Ureter • Urethra • Uterus • Viscera
  • 15. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Body Cavities and Organs Cranial Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Spinal Brain Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina in female Nerves of the spinal cord CavityCavity Organ(s)Organ(s)
  • 16. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Body Cavities • Label the body cavities in the figure
  • 17. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 Body Cavities (cont’d) • Body cavities are the spaces within the body that contain internal organs (viscera).
  • 18. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum? A. Cranial B. Pelvic C. Spinal D. Thoracic
  • 19. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 2. Which body cavity contains the peritoneum? A. Abdominal B. Pelvic C. Spinal D. Thoracic
  • 20. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20 Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities
  • 21. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities (cont’d)
  • 22. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 Study Section 3 • Abdominal cavity • Cranial cavity • Diaphragm • Dorsal (posterior) • Mediastinum • Pelvic cavity • Peritoneum • Pleura • Pleural cavity • Spinal cavity • Thoracic cavity • Ventral (anterior)
  • 23. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants Regions Right hypochondriac region Left hypochondriac region Epigastric region Right lumbar region Left lumbar region Umbilical region Right inguinal region Left inguinal region Hypogastric region
  • 24. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24 Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)
  • 25. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 25 Abdominopelvic Regions (cont’d)
  • 26. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants • Quadrants Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
  • 27. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 27 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
  • 28. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 28 Abdominopelvic Quadrants (cont’d)
  • 29. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 Chapter 2 Lesson 2.2
  • 30. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 30 Anatomical Divisions of the Back • Cervical • Thoracic • Lumbar • Sacral • Coccygeal
  • 31. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31 Anatomical Divisions of the Back (cont’d)
  • 32. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 32 Anatomical Divisions of the Back (cont’d)
  • 33. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 33 Study Section 4 • Abdominopelvic Regions: Hypochondriac Epigastric Lumbar Umbilical Inguinal Hypogastric • Abdominopelvic Quadrants: RUQ LUQ RLQ LLQ
  • 34. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 34 Study Section 4 (cont’d) • Divisions of the Back: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal • Related Terms: Vertebra Vertebrae Spinal column Spinal cord Disk (disc)
  • 35. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35 QUICK QUIZ: 3. Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the central region near the navel. A. Inguinal B. Umbilical C. Lumbar D. Hypochondriac
  • 36. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36 QUICK QUIZ: (cont’d) 4. Name the abdominopelvic region that is located in the lower middle below the umbilical region. A. Inguinal B. Epigastric C. Lumbar D. Hypogastric
  • 37. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 37 Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body •Positional and Directional Terms Anterior (ventral) Posterior (dorsal) Deep Superficial Proximal Distal  Inferior  Superior  Medial  Lateral  Supine  Prone
  • 38. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 38 Positional and Directional Terms
  • 39. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 39 Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d)
  • 40. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40 Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body (cont’d) • Planes of the Body Frontal (coronal) Sagittal (lateral) Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)
  • 41. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41 Positional and Directional Terms
  • 42. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42 Positional and Directional Terms (cont’d)
  • 43. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 43 Study Section 5 • Anterior (ventral) • Deep • Distal • Frontal (coronal) plane • Inferior (caudal) • Lateral • Medial • Posterior (dorsal) • Prone • Proximal • Sagittal (lateral) plane • Superficial • Superior (cephalic) • Supine • Transverse (axial) plane
  • 44. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 44 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes abdomin/o __________ adip/o __________ anter/o __________ bol/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 45. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 45 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes abdomin/o abdomen adip/o fat anter/o front bol/o to cast (throw) Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 46. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 46 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) cervic/o __________ chondr/o __________ chrom/o __________ coccyg/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 47. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 47 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) cervic/o neck (of the body or uterus) chondr/o cartilage chrom/o color coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone) Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 48. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 48 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) crani/o __________ cyt/o __________ dist/o __________ dors/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 49. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 49 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) crani/o skull cyt/o cell dist/o far, distant dors/o back portion of the body Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 50. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 50 Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes (cont’d) hist/o, histi/o __________ ili/o __________ inguin/o __________ kary/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 51. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 51 Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes (cont’d) hist/o, histi/o tissue ili/o ilium (of the pelvic bone) inguin/o groin kary/o nucleus Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 52. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 52 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) later/o __________ lumb/o __________ medi/o __________ nucle/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 53. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 53 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) later/o side lumb/o lower back medi/o middle nucle/o nucleus Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 54. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 54 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) pelv/i __________ poster/o __________ proxim/o __________ sacr/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 55. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 55 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) pelv/i pelvis poster/o back, behind proxim/o nearest sacr/o sacrum Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 56. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 56 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) sarc/o __________ spin/o __________ thel/o, theli/o __________ thorac/o __________ trache/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 57. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 57 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) sarc/o flesh spin/o spine, backbone thel/o, theli/o nipple thorac/o chest trache/o trachea, windpipe Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 58. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 58 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) umbilic/o __________ ventr/o __________ vertebr/o _____________ viscer/o __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 59. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 59 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) umbilic/o navel, umbilicus ventr/o belly side of the body vertebr/o vertebra(e), backbone(s) viscer/o internal organs Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 60. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 60 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) ana- __________ cata- __________ epi- __________ hypo- __________ inter- __________ meta- __________ Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 61. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 61 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) ana- up cata- down epi- above hypo- below inter- between meta- change Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning
  • 62. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 62 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) -eal __________ -iac __________ -ior __________ -ism __________ -ose __________ -plasm __________ -somes __________ -type __________ SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
  • 63. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 63 Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes (cont’d) -eal pertaining to -iac pertaining to -ior pertaining to -ism process, condition -ose pertaining to, full of -plasm formation -somes bodies -type picture, classification SuffixSuffix MeaningMeaning
  • 64. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 64 QUICK QUIZ: 5. Which term means process of cutting the skull? A. Thoracotomy B. Craniotomy C. Diskectomy D. Arthroscopy
  • 65. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 65 Pronunciation Guide Review • ā as in āpe • ē as in ēven • ī as in īce • ō as in ōpen • ū as in ūnit • ă as in ăpple • ĕ as in ĕvery • ĭ as in ĭnterest • ŏ as in pŏt • ŭ as in ŭnder
  • 66. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 66 Pronunciation Examples: adipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs caudal KĂW- dăl distal DĬS-tăl trachea TRĀ-kē-ă

Editor's Notes

  1. What is karyotyping and when is it used? (Chromosomes are analyzed to determine if they are normal in number and structure. Obstetricians often recommend an amniocentesis for a pregnant woman.) Have students identify parts of the cell. Answers appear on the following slide. What is cytoplasm? (It includes all material outside the nucleus.) What are mitochondria? (Small, sausage-shaped bodies that produce energy by burning food)
  2. What is karyotyping and when is it used? (Chromosomes are analyzed to determine if they are normal in number and structure. Obstetricians often recommend an amniocentesis for a pregnant woman.) What is cytoplasm? (It includes all material outside the nucleus.) What are mitochondria? (Small, sausage-shaped bodies that produce energy by burning food)
  3. What is the term for a scientist who specializes in the study of tissue? (Histologist) Which tissue conducts impulses all over the body? (Nerve) Examples of what type of tissue include fat and cartilage? (Connective) What tissue forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin? (Epithelial)
  4. What defines a system? (Group of organs working together to perform complex functions) Name the system in which these organs are found: Thyroid gland and pituitary gland (endocrine) Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder urethra (urinary or excretory) Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands (skin and sense organs)
  5. Name the cavity in which these organs are found: Nerves of the spinal cord (spinal) Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver (abdominal) Brain (cranial) Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes (thoracic) Portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra (pelvic)
  6. Which cavities are dorsal and which are ventral? (Cranial and spinal are dorsal; thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic are ventral.)
  7. The correct answer is D: the thoracic cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum.
  8. The correct answer is A: the abdominal cavity contains the peritoneum.
  9. Have students verbally label the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity.
  10. Discuss the organs in each quadrant.
  11. Have students identify the quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity.
  12. Where is the appendix located? In which quadrant does the liver lie?
  13. What is cervical? (The neck region) What is thoracic? (The chest region) What is lumbar? (Waist or flank region) What is sacral? (Five bones are fused to form the sacrum.) What is coccygeal? (The tailbone is composed of four fused pieces.)
  14. Fill in the blanks. (1. Cervical; 2. Thoracic; 3. Lumbar; 4. Sacral; 5. Coccygeal or tailbone) What is a disk? (A small pad of cartilage between the vertebrae)
  15. What is a disk? (A small pad of cartilage between the vertebrae)
  16. The correct answer is B: umbilical.
  17. The correct answer is D: hypogastric.
  18. Match the definition to one of these terms: The front side of the body (anterior) The back side of the body (posterior) Away from the surface (deep) On the surface (superficial) Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure (proximal) Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure (distal) Below another structure (inferior) above another structure (superior)
  19. How could the following conditions be identified? A bruise on the forehead (anterior; superficial) A cramp in the left ovary (lateral; deep) A callus on the ball of the foot (inferior)
  20. How could the following conditions be identified? A bruise on the forehead (anterior; superficial) A cramp in the left ovary (lateral; deep) A callus on the ball of the foot (inferior)
  21. A plane running across the body parallel to the ground (transverse) A vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions (frontal) A lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body into right and left sides (sagittal)
  22. How could the following conditions be identified? A bruise on the forehead (anterior; superficial) A cramp in the left ovary (lateral; deep) A callus on the ball of the foot (inferior)
  23. How could the following conditions be identified? A bruise on the forehead (anterior; superficial) A cramp in the left ovary (lateral; deep) A callus on the ball of the foot (inferior)
  24. The correct answer is B: craniotomy.
  25. Long “a” vs. short “a”: cranial vs. abdominal Ask students to provide additional examples from the terms and combining forms that have been discussed in this chapter.
  26. Write additional terms on the board and have students pronounce them.