Ch 13 Sec 1 "Industrial Revolution"
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The Agricultural Revolution led to increased farming efficiency through innovations like crop rotation and new farming machines, freeing up workers to seek jobs in cities during the Industrial Revolution. This transition involved mechanization through inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, and cotton gin that powered new factories and mass production of goods. Key figures who advanced industry included James Watt, John Kay, James Hargreaves, and Richard Arkwright through their pioneering machines and entrepreneurship.
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Industrial revolution
The document discusses key factors of the Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s in the United States, including the development of industries after the War of 1812, Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts which enabled mass production, and how agricultural inventions like the cotton gin and steel plow increased crop yields and the demand for cotton and farmland. This industrialization made products more affordable and cities grew as more jobs became available in factories, particularly in the North.
The industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-1700s. It describes a period where manufacturing processes became mechanized, powered by machines rather than manual labor. England was well-suited for the Industrial Revolution as it had a stable government, strong economy, access to raw materials like coal and iron, and colonies that could provide additional resources. The Agricultural Revolution increased crop yields through innovations like crop rotation, freeing up workers for the new factory jobs of the Industrial Revolution.
Introduction to-the-industrial-revolution-11621
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by agricultural innovations that increased the food supply and population. New inventions like the spinning jenny and water frame mechanized textile production, allowing it to move from homes to factories. Britain was well positioned to be the first to industrialize due to its natural resources like coal and iron, transportation infrastructure, stable government, and colonial trade networks. The Industrial Revolution transformed society through new machine-powered manufacturing, urbanization, and a new social hierarchy, though working conditions were difficult.
Industrial revo 9a 9c
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and societies from the 18th to 19th century. New technologies like the steam engine and innovations in textile production like the spinning jenny allowed manufacturing to move from small workshops to mass production in factories. This led people to migrate from rural areas to cities to work in the new industrial jobs, causing rapid urbanization and crowding in urban areas. Working conditions in factories were often difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and low wages, including for children. The new industrialized system focused on mass production and division of labor.
The Industrial Revolution Notes
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe with the transition from cottage industry to factory systems of production. Workers went from owning their own tools and working from home to working under capitalists in factories using machines. This required a surplus of capital, resources like coal and iron, a population of unemployed workers moving to cities, and new energy sources like steam power.
Agri rev
The Agricultural Revolution transformed farming from a labor-intensive practice with small land holdings and poor yields to a more efficient, productive system. It involved consolidating small farms into larger enclosed plots, improving equipment through machines, and adopting better techniques like crop rotation and selective breeding to increase output. These changes allowed far fewer farmers to produce much more food, supporting growing urban populations and freeing up workers for industry.
Industrial revolution
source acquire from book and videos .if any mistake from my side please correct me. Publish by SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY OF POLICE, SECURITY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE .Jodhpur,Rajasthan (India).
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in the United States in 1791 with Samuel Slater establishing the first cotton spinning factory. Eli Whitney then invented the cotton gin in 1793, which was 50 times more effective at separating cotton seeds from fibers than handpicking. This made cotton highly profitable and renewed demand for slave labor. By 1860 over 400 million pounds of southern cotton was poured into over 1,000 textile mills, mostly in New England. Other innovations like interchangeable parts and inventions like the telegraph and sewing machine transformed manufacturing.
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Industrial revolution
The document discusses key factors of the Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s in the United States, including the development of industries after the War of 1812, Eli Whitney's invention of interchangeable parts which enabled mass production, and how agricultural inventions like the cotton gin and steel plow increased crop yields and the demand for cotton and farmland. This industrialization made products more affordable and cities grew as more jobs became available in factories, particularly in the North.
The industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the mid-1700s. It describes a period where manufacturing processes became mechanized, powered by machines rather than manual labor. England was well-suited for the Industrial Revolution as it had a stable government, strong economy, access to raw materials like coal and iron, and colonies that could provide additional resources. The Agricultural Revolution increased crop yields through innovations like crop rotation, freeing up workers for the new factory jobs of the Industrial Revolution.
Introduction to-the-industrial-revolution-11621
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, driven by agricultural innovations that increased the food supply and population. New inventions like the spinning jenny and water frame mechanized textile production, allowing it to move from homes to factories. Britain was well positioned to be the first to industrialize due to its natural resources like coal and iron, transportation infrastructure, stable government, and colonial trade networks. The Industrial Revolution transformed society through new machine-powered manufacturing, urbanization, and a new social hierarchy, though working conditions were difficult.
Industrial revo 9a 9c
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and societies from the 18th to 19th century. New technologies like the steam engine and innovations in textile production like the spinning jenny allowed manufacturing to move from small workshops to mass production in factories. This led people to migrate from rural areas to cities to work in the new industrial jobs, causing rapid urbanization and crowding in urban areas. Working conditions in factories were often difficult, with long hours, unsafe machinery, and low wages, including for children. The new industrialized system focused on mass production and division of labor.
The Industrial Revolution Notes
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe with the transition from cottage industry to factory systems of production. Workers went from owning their own tools and working from home to working under capitalists in factories using machines. This required a surplus of capital, resources like coal and iron, a population of unemployed workers moving to cities, and new energy sources like steam power.
Agri rev
The Agricultural Revolution transformed farming from a labor-intensive practice with small land holdings and poor yields to a more efficient, productive system. It involved consolidating small farms into larger enclosed plots, improving equipment through machines, and adopting better techniques like crop rotation and selective breeding to increase output. These changes allowed far fewer farmers to produce much more food, supporting growing urban populations and freeing up workers for industry.
Industrial revolution
source acquire from book and videos .if any mistake from my side please correct me. Publish by SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY OF POLICE, SECURITY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE .Jodhpur,Rajasthan (India).
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in the United States in 1791 with Samuel Slater establishing the first cotton spinning factory. Eli Whitney then invented the cotton gin in 1793, which was 50 times more effective at separating cotton seeds from fibers than handpicking. This made cotton highly profitable and renewed demand for slave labor. By 1860 over 400 million pounds of southern cotton was poured into over 1,000 textile mills, mostly in New England. Other innovations like interchangeable parts and inventions like the telegraph and sewing machine transformed manufacturing.
19.2 britain leads the way
Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution due to several key factors:
1) It had natural resources like coal and iron as well as ports and navigable rivers for transportation.
2) Inventions like the spinning jenny and cotton gin increased production efficiency.
3) A growing population created demand for goods that new factories and technologies could meet.
4) Entrepreneurs had access to capital to invest in new businesses and transportation infrastructure like canals and railroads.
19.1 dawn of the industrial age
The Industrial Revolution was brought about by several key events:
1) An agricultural revolution in Europe led to improved farming techniques and greater food production, causing a population explosion.
2) New technologies like Darby's coal-powered iron smelting and Watt's steam engine provided new energy sources and materials.
3) The agricultural changes displaced many farm workers, providing labor for new factories in growing cities.
19.3
The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization as many moved from farms to cities for work. This created overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions for many workers. While some prospered, most workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and pollution. Women faced a double burden of work and domestic duties. Child labor was also common, with children working in factories and mines. Unions faced opposition. Overall, the social effects of the Industrial Revolution were mixed, bringing both opportunities and hardships.
Industrial revolution
The document summarizes how the Agricultural Revolution led to the Industrial Revolution beginning in Great Britain due to factors like its large population, natural resources, time of peace, banking system, and location for trade, and how this revolutionized industries like textiles, transportation, and manufacturing through inventions and new technologies like the spinning jenny, power loom, cotton gin, and assembly line, transforming economies and societies from largely agrarian to urbanized and industrialized.
Industrialization and nationalism
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and shifted the economy from agriculture to manufacturing. New inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam engine automated textile production and allowed factories to operate. This led many to move from rural areas to cities to find work in the new mills and factories, though conditions were often unsafe and workers faced long hours and low pay. The Industrial Revolution then spread to other countries in Europe and later to the United States.
US History Ch 13.1
The document summarizes the Industrial Revolution and its impact on manufacturing in the United States. It discusses key breakthroughs like the spinning jenny and water frame that increased textile production. Samuel Slater helped establish the first successful textile mill in Rhode Island by bringing British secrets to America. The development of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney helped enable mass production. While manufacturing grew slowly at first due to a lack of labor and capital, the War of 1812 boosted American manufacturing as ports were blockaded and consumers purchased more domestic goods.
Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution spread from England to America in the late 1700s and early 1800s, bringing advancements in manufacturing through inventions like the steam engine, cotton gin, steamboat, mechanical reaper, telegraph, steel plow, vulcanization process, sewing machine, and rotary press. These innovations were crucial to America's growth as a powerful nation and led to social changes through their technological impact on society.
Industrial revolution
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and lasted over 100 years. It transformed manufacturing by introducing machines to mass produce goods in factories powered by steam engines rather than human labor. Britain was well-suited for the industrial revolution due to its natural resources like coal and iron as well as new technologies. While industrialization increased production and standards of living, it also led to environmental pollution and poor working conditions in overcrowded cities. The economic structure changed as more people moved to urban areas for factory jobs, wealth accumulated for industrialists, and a middle class emerged.
The Industrial Revolution
The document discusses the Agricultural Revolution and Industrialization in Britain. The Agricultural Revolution increased food production through enclosure, crop rotation, and new farming techniques. This resulted in a surplus rural population that provided labor for the new factories of the Industrial Revolution. Britain was well positioned for industrialization due to natural resources like coal, capital investment, and entrepreneurs. The textile industry was the first to mechanize and use new inventions like the cotton gin. Industrialization spread to other countries and led to urbanization, difficult working conditions, but eventually reforms through unions and government. New economic ideas like capitalism, socialism, and communism developed in response to industrial changes.
US History Ch 13.3
The document summarizes the transportation revolution in the early-to-mid 19th century United States, including new modes of travel like steamboats and railroads that significantly reduced shipping times and costs. Steamboats, pioneered by Robert Fulton, began operating on major rivers in the early 1800s. Railroads then started developing in the 1830s and saw rapid expansion, growing to over 30,000 miles of track by 1860 and transforming shipping across the country. Key innovations like the Tom Thumb train helped drive growing adoption of the new technologies.
Industrial revolution[1]
The Industrial Revolution began in the late 1700s in England and brought dramatic changes to manufacturing through new technologies like the spinning jenny, water-powered looms, the cotton gin, and the use of interchangeable parts in firearms manufacturing. These innovations enabled textiles, agriculture, and other goods to be produced much more quickly and efficiently than before, driving economic growth and transforming society.
Industrial revolution, start of a new era
Industrial Revolution, an important period of time in the history of world when we had the first boom of industrialization and mechanical innovations.
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed America from a largely rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrialized one. New factory machines allowed for mass production of goods, attracting many Americans to cities for work. This increased productivity but also led to longer work days and child labor. While new technologies improved transportation and communication, the Industrial Revolution also exacerbated slavery and social problems in urban areas.
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Quakers were the first religious group to oppose slavery in Britain. John Newton, a former slave ship captain, became a prominent critic of slavery after writing the hymn "Amazing Grace". William Wilberforce, a member of British Parliament, led the successful effort to abolish slavery in the British Empire with support from the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade.
Ch 13 Sec 2 "Growth of Cities"
Cities were unprepared for the rapid population growth caused by the Industrial Revolution. While the middle class expanded and goods improved lives, workers faced dangerous conditions and health issues from pollution. Unions formed to improve wages and conditions. The British government passed acts limiting child labor and women working in mines and restricting women's and children's hours to 10 per day to help workers.
Goldenhandshake
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Slavery - What You Have Never Been Told
This document provides a summary of the Islamic slave trade compared to the Transatlantic slave trade. It notes that the Islamic slave trade lasted 14 centuries and transported at least 28 million Africans compared to around 11 million in the Transatlantic trade. Conditions were far worse in the Islamic trade, with 80-90% mortality rates during transport compared to 10% in the Transatlantic trade. The sexual exploitation and castration of male slaves was also more common. In contrast to Christian abolitionists, there was no comparable opposition to slavery within the Muslim world.
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The document discusses changes in culture and education during the Romantic and Realism periods. For culture, it describes how Romanticism emphasized emotion over reason and often depicted peaceful rural scenes, while Realism showed life as it really was, sometimes pessimistically. It names Beethoven, Dickens, and Tolstoy as influential figures. Regarding education, it outlines reforms in Britain, Germany, and France, such as establishing public schools, requiring attendance, and developing high-quality systems accessible to all children.
Ch 14 Sec 3 "Progress in Science and Technology"
This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur proving spontaneous generation is false and pioneering pasteurization, and Darwin developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
Ch 14 Sec 1 "Reform in Western Culture"
The document discusses various social and political reforms that occurred in Western culture between the 18th-19th centuries. It describes the rise of socialism and Marxism, with socialism advocating government ownership and a classless society, and Marxism designed by Marx and Engels calling for laborers to unite against capitalists and establish communism. It also outlines the women's suffrage and temperance movements, as well as reforms in Britain that gradually expanded voting rights but maintained anti-Semitism as seen in the Dreyfus Affair in France.
Ch 9 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and brought about immense changes through new technologies. Innovations like the steam engine, cotton gin, and other machinery allowed for factories and mass production. This increased productivity and the supply of goods. New ideas in economics also fueled change, including capitalism and laissez-faire policies promoting private ownership and limited government interference. Britain was well-positioned to lead the revolution due to its natural resources, entrepreneurial spirit, and agricultural increases that swelled the labor force. These converging factors powered Britain's rise as the world's first industrialized nation.
Ch9 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and brought about widespread changes through new technologies like the steam engine and factories. Inventions like the cotton gin and innovations in iron and steel production accelerated industrialization. New methods of production like interchangeable parts and the assembly line increased efficiency. Mass production led to the rise of big businesses and corporations. These changes transformed economies and societies around the world and created a new middle class.
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19.2 britain leads the way
Britain led the way in the Industrial Revolution due to several key factors:
1) It had natural resources like coal and iron as well as ports and navigable rivers for transportation.
2) Inventions like the spinning jenny and cotton gin increased production efficiency.
3) A growing population created demand for goods that new factories and technologies could meet.
4) Entrepreneurs had access to capital to invest in new businesses and transportation infrastructure like canals and railroads.
19.1 dawn of the industrial age
The Industrial Revolution was brought about by several key events:
1) An agricultural revolution in Europe led to improved farming techniques and greater food production, causing a population explosion.
2) New technologies like Darby's coal-powered iron smelting and Watt's steam engine provided new energy sources and materials.
3) The agricultural changes displaced many farm workers, providing labor for new factories in growing cities.
19.3
The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization as many moved from farms to cities for work. This created overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions for many workers. While some prospered, most workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and pollution. Women faced a double burden of work and domestic duties. Child labor was also common, with children working in factories and mines. Unions faced opposition. Overall, the social effects of the Industrial Revolution were mixed, bringing both opportunities and hardships.
Industrial revolution
The document summarizes how the Agricultural Revolution led to the Industrial Revolution beginning in Great Britain due to factors like its large population, natural resources, time of peace, banking system, and location for trade, and how this revolutionized industries like textiles, transportation, and manufacturing through inventions and new technologies like the spinning jenny, power loom, cotton gin, and assembly line, transforming economies and societies from largely agrarian to urbanized and industrialized.
Industrialization and nationalism
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and shifted the economy from agriculture to manufacturing. New inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam engine automated textile production and allowed factories to operate. This led many to move from rural areas to cities to find work in the new mills and factories, though conditions were often unsafe and workers faced long hours and low pay. The Industrial Revolution then spread to other countries in Europe and later to the United States.
US History Ch 13.1
The document summarizes the Industrial Revolution and its impact on manufacturing in the United States. It discusses key breakthroughs like the spinning jenny and water frame that increased textile production. Samuel Slater helped establish the first successful textile mill in Rhode Island by bringing British secrets to America. The development of interchangeable parts by Eli Whitney helped enable mass production. While manufacturing grew slowly at first due to a lack of labor and capital, the War of 1812 boosted American manufacturing as ports were blockaded and consumers purchased more domestic goods.
Industrial revolution
The Industrial Revolution spread from England to America in the late 1700s and early 1800s, bringing advancements in manufacturing through inventions like the steam engine, cotton gin, steamboat, mechanical reaper, telegraph, steel plow, vulcanization process, sewing machine, and rotary press. These innovations were crucial to America's growth as a powerful nation and led to social changes through their technological impact on society.
Industrial revolution
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and lasted over 100 years. It transformed manufacturing by introducing machines to mass produce goods in factories powered by steam engines rather than human labor. Britain was well-suited for the industrial revolution due to its natural resources like coal and iron as well as new technologies. While industrialization increased production and standards of living, it also led to environmental pollution and poor working conditions in overcrowded cities. The economic structure changed as more people moved to urban areas for factory jobs, wealth accumulated for industrialists, and a middle class emerged.
The Industrial Revolution
The document discusses the Agricultural Revolution and Industrialization in Britain. The Agricultural Revolution increased food production through enclosure, crop rotation, and new farming techniques. This resulted in a surplus rural population that provided labor for the new factories of the Industrial Revolution. Britain was well positioned for industrialization due to natural resources like coal, capital investment, and entrepreneurs. The textile industry was the first to mechanize and use new inventions like the cotton gin. Industrialization spread to other countries and led to urbanization, difficult working conditions, but eventually reforms through unions and government. New economic ideas like capitalism, socialism, and communism developed in response to industrial changes.
US History Ch 13.3
The document summarizes the transportation revolution in the early-to-mid 19th century United States, including new modes of travel like steamboats and railroads that significantly reduced shipping times and costs. Steamboats, pioneered by Robert Fulton, began operating on major rivers in the early 1800s. Railroads then started developing in the 1830s and saw rapid expansion, growing to over 30,000 miles of track by 1860 and transforming shipping across the country. Key innovations like the Tom Thumb train helped drive growing adoption of the new technologies.
Industrial revolution[1]
The Industrial Revolution began in the late 1700s in England and brought dramatic changes to manufacturing through new technologies like the spinning jenny, water-powered looms, the cotton gin, and the use of interchangeable parts in firearms manufacturing. These innovations enabled textiles, agriculture, and other goods to be produced much more quickly and efficiently than before, driving economic growth and transforming society.
Industrial revolution, start of a new era
Industrial Revolution, an important period of time in the history of world when we had the first boom of industrialization and mechanical innovations.
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed America from a largely rural, agricultural society to an urban, industrialized one. New factory machines allowed for mass production of goods, attracting many Americans to cities for work. This increased productivity but also led to longer work days and child labor. While new technologies improved transportation and communication, the Industrial Revolution also exacerbated slavery and social problems in urban areas.
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Ch 13 Sec 3 "Slavery and Slave Trade"
Quakers were the first religious group to oppose slavery in Britain. John Newton, a former slave ship captain, became a prominent critic of slavery after writing the hymn "Amazing Grace". William Wilberforce, a member of British Parliament, led the successful effort to abolish slavery in the British Empire with support from the Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade.
Ch 13 Sec 2 "Growth of Cities"
Cities were unprepared for the rapid population growth caused by the Industrial Revolution. While the middle class expanded and goods improved lives, workers faced dangerous conditions and health issues from pollution. Unions formed to improve wages and conditions. The British government passed acts limiting child labor and women working in mines and restricting women's and children's hours to 10 per day to help workers.
Goldenhandshake
The document discusses the golden handshake, which is a voluntary retirement scheme used in India to reduce excess manpower. It outlines reasons for proposing a golden handshake like recession or downsizing. The procedure involves issuing a circular with eligibility details and benefits like provident fund and gratuity. Potential merits are reduced conflicts and flexibility, while demerits include fear/uncertainty for employees and loss of good employees. Examples given include suicide cases of voluntarily retired persons and failure of businesses started thereafter.
Slavery - What You Have Never Been Told
This document provides a summary of the Islamic slave trade compared to the Transatlantic slave trade. It notes that the Islamic slave trade lasted 14 centuries and transported at least 28 million Africans compared to around 11 million in the Transatlantic trade. Conditions were far worse in the Islamic trade, with 80-90% mortality rates during transport compared to 10% in the Transatlantic trade. The sexual exploitation and castration of male slaves was also more common. In contrast to Christian abolitionists, there was no comparable opposition to slavery within the Muslim world.
Ch 14 Sec 2 "Changes in Culture and Education"
The document discusses changes in culture and education during the Romantic and Realism periods. For culture, it describes how Romanticism emphasized emotion over reason and often depicted peaceful rural scenes, while Realism showed life as it really was, sometimes pessimistically. It names Beethoven, Dickens, and Tolstoy as influential figures. Regarding education, it outlines reforms in Britain, Germany, and France, such as establishing public schools, requiring attendance, and developing high-quality systems accessible to all children.
Ch 14 Sec 3 "Progress in Science and Technology"
This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur proving spontaneous generation is false and pioneering pasteurization, and Darwin developing the theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.
Ch 14 Sec 1 "Reform in Western Culture"
The document discusses various social and political reforms that occurred in Western culture between the 18th-19th centuries. It describes the rise of socialism and Marxism, with socialism advocating government ownership and a classless society, and Marxism designed by Marx and Engels calling for laborers to unite against capitalists and establish communism. It also outlines the women's suffrage and temperance movements, as well as reforms in Britain that gradually expanded voting rights but maintained anti-Semitism as seen in the Dreyfus Affair in France.
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Ch 9 Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and brought about immense changes through new technologies. Innovations like the steam engine, cotton gin, and other machinery allowed for factories and mass production. This increased productivity and the supply of goods. New ideas in economics also fueled change, including capitalism and laissez-faire policies promoting private ownership and limited government interference. Britain was well-positioned to lead the revolution due to its natural resources, entrepreneurial spirit, and agricultural increases that swelled the labor force. These converging factors powered Britain's rise as the world's first industrialized nation.
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Learn about how the Industrial Revolution started, from the steam engine to the railway. Gain insights into the historical significance of the revolution - how it lead to the unification of Germany and Italy, the revolutions of 1848, the redrawing of the European map, and eventually how it all led to the start of the First World War.
For AS Level History students
The industrial-revolution
The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from a largely agricultural society to an industrialized one between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. New technologies like the steam engine and mechanized textile manufacturing led people to move from rural areas to cities where factories were located. This rapid urbanization strained city infrastructure and living conditions, with overcrowded slums and poor sanitation. While factory owners profited, workers faced long hours, dangerous conditions, low pay, and few rights. The Revolution also brought new ideas about economics, politics, and society that still influence the modern world.
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Ch 13 Sec 1 "Industrial Revolution"
- 2. Agricultural Revolution • Farmers developed methods that resulted in an increased food supply – Crop rotation – rotating crops so the nutrients in the land are not depleted.
- 3. • As more land became available, landowners raised more sheep • Sheep’s wool was a cash crop • Cottage Industries – wool was spun into cloth in a person’s home
- 4. • Landowners began to enclose their land to increase income. • Many were forced to seek work in the cities
- 5. Farming Machines • Seed Drill – Developed by Jethro Tull – Placed seeds in rows across a plot of land
- 7. Jethro Tull
- 8. • Iron Plow – Turned the soil more easily and enabled the field to be plowed more quickly
- 10. • Cotton Gin – Developed by Eli Whitney – Took seeds out of cotton
- 11. Eli Whitney
- 12. • Horse Drawn Reaping Machine – Enabled farmers to cut wheat much more quickly – Invented by Cyrus McCormick
- 14. Cyrus McCormick
- 15. • Threshing machine – Developed by Andrew Meikle – Separate the wheat from the husks and stalks quickly
- 17. Andrew Meikle
- 18. • Steam Tractor – Developed by John Fowler – It lowered the cost of plowing fields
- 19. John Fowler
- 20. Industrial Revolution • The 18th and 19th centuries • It began in Great Britain
- 21. • Factories were created to house the large machines • Animals or running water were initially used for power
- 22. • Steam engine – James Watt made significant improvements to it – Provided consistent and reliable power for the Industrial Revolution
- 23. • Flying shuttle – Enabled workers to weave the strands of cotton into cloth much more rapidly – Developed by John Kay
- 25. John Kay
- 26. • Spinning Jenny – Could quickly spin many strands of cotton into thread – Developed by James Hargreaves
- 27. James Hargreaves
- 28. • Entrepreneurs were people who developed businesses and sold their inventions • Richard Arkwright was one of the most famous entrepreneurs • He got the government to grant patents
- 30. Factors that Encouraged the Rise of Industry: 1. Growing population 2. Abundant raw materials 3. Stable government
Editor's Notes
- Better understanding of animal breeding and care leads to increased quantities of milk and meat Ancient farmers found growing the same crops in the same position caused a buildup of pests and a reduction in fertility. So the solution was to grow a winter crop, and then summer crop, and finally leave the ground for one growing season to recover.
- Sheep farmers needed fewer workers than other types of farms, so lack of work led to cottage industries
- Most english farmland was open, and many could use it for grazing their livestock. Land enclosure, however, prevented common use. Many poor farmers were unable to support their families on the small plots of land
- Enabled a farmer to grow more crops using much less seed. Also paved the way for use of other farming inventions since it produced evenly spaced rows.
- Enabled farm land that had not been farmed to be able to be farmed due to the composition of the soil
- Before 1 person could process 1 pound of cotton a day…with the cotton gin, 50 pounds of cotton a day. Why were all these new machines sprouting up? To keep pace with the speed at which the landowners could provide the raw materials
- Enabled more acres to be harvested in less time
- Before this the wheat and grans were harvested and separated by hand. It was exhausting and required many laborers.
- Reduced the number of laborers needed and replaced teams of horses or oxen with steam engines
- Improvements in one industry often led to growth and job opportunities in many other industries
- A drought or flood could shut down a mill or factory They needed a more reliable source of power
- Patents – prevented others from making a similar device for several years This gives the inventor time to recover the cost of developing his invention and to make a profit…once the patent expires, anyone can then make and sell the product without braking the law