A brief introduction to the Industrial Revolution

1. Slide 1
Introduction to the
Industrial Revolution

2. Slide 2
Shift from the Agrarian World
• Agricultural Revolution – New
farming methods invented
• Lord Townshend in England
introduced crop rotation – land could
now be used year-round; certain crops
revitalized soil
• Enclosure movement had large land
owners buying and then fencing public
land

3. Slide 3
Shift from the Agrarian World
• Smaller farmers pushed off of land to
work as wage laborers for various land
owners or to move to the growing
cities
• More food produced = population
increase
• In 1700 there were about 100 million
people in Europe, by 1800 the
population had grown to 190 million.

4. Slide 4
Textile Industry Takes Off
• Domestic system (cottage industry)
had dominated the early 1700s
• merchants dropped off raw materials at
people’s homes, picked up finished
products later

5. Slide 5
Textile Industry Takes Off
• Series of inventions
modernize textile
manufacturing,
including:
• 1733 - Flying
Shuttle (John Kay)
– Used to weave
cloth
The Flying Shuttle

6. Slide 6
Textile Industry Takes Off
• 1760 – Spinning
Jenny (James
Hargreaves) –
Allowed for
multiple threads to
be woven together
• 1769 – Water
Frame (Richard
Arkwright) – Used
water to power the
spinning frame
The Spinning Jenny

7. Slide 7
Textile Industry Takes Off
• 1785 – Water
Loom (Edmund
Cartwright) – First
machine that could
weave cloth
• 1793 – Cotton Gin
(Eli Whitney) –
Machine that
separated cotton
seeds from the
cotton
Plans for the Cotton Gin

8. Slide 8
Textile Industry Takes Off
• These
advancements
resulted in the
movement of work
from the home to
the factory
Plans for the Cotton Gin

9. Slide 9
Britain Industrializes First
• 1715-1850
• Many natural
resources available
in Britain,
including large
amounts of coal
and iron

10. Slide 10
Britain Industrializes First
• Geographical
advantages include a
large river system for
water power and many
natural harbors for
easy trade
• A strong, stable
government allowed a
strong, stable economy
to develop which
resulted in extra
money to invest

11. Slide 11
Britain Industrializes First
• Colonial empire
provided much
needed raw
materials and
markets
• Spreads to
continental Europe,
United States of
America, and Japan
between 1850 and
1914

12. Slide 12
Changes Brought by the
Industrial Revolution
• Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by
James Watt shifts labor from humans and
animals to machines
• Inventions continue to make life,
manufacturing, and farming easier and better
• Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even
greater growth
• Inventions in one area often led to
inventions in others
• Transportation and communication systems
are greatly enhanced

13. Slide 13
Changes Brought by the
Industrial Revolution
• Cities begin to dominate the western world
• Creates a new social order with the rise of an
influential middle class
• Poor working conditions for lower classes
eventually lead to new social and political
movements
• Need for markets and resources force
Europeans to take over foreign lands
(imperialism)

14. Great Britain
• By 1830, Great Britain was THE
leading industrial power with a
population of 21 million (less than
10% of Europe’s population).
• Britain was producing 2/3rd’s of the
world’s coal, ½ of the world’s iron,
and ½ of the world’s cotton cloth.
Slide 14