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The Industrial Revolution began in Britain due to agricultural innovations in the 1700s that increased food production and forced farmers into cities. This provided a large pool of laborers. Inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule automated textile production. James Watt's steam engine was also a key innovation that powered factories. Improved transportation like canals, steamboats, and railroads connected factories to resources and markets, fueling further industrialization and economic growth.
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Historical Significance
An ancient Greek or Roman would have recognized daily life in Europe in the early 1700s
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A woman selected fabric and had a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress.
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The industrial revolution transformed Britain from an agrarian economy to an industrial one based on factories. New technologies like the steam engine, spinning jenny, water frame and power loom automated textile production. This concentrated production in factories, employing many women and children for long hours under poor conditions. While increasing production, it also caused social problems as populations migrated to cities with inadequate housing and disease. The Luddites resisted these changes by destroying machinery. Eventually, laws were passed to limit child labor and improve conditions.
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The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 in Great Britain due to factors like lucrative agrarian industry, wealthy landowners, and inventors. Before then, textiles were produced in homes under the "putting-out system" but new machinery revolutionized cotton manufacturing. Factories using water power were built near streams and cities grew as people migrated for work. While jobs were available, conditions were difficult, especially for children. Britain's population and economy grew as it industrialized and became a global superpower during this transformative period.
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The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 in Great Britain, transforming it from a rural agrarian society to an urban industrial one. Several factors contributed to Britain being the birthplace of the revolution, including lucrative agriculture, wealthy landowners, and inventive engineers. New spinning and weaving machines revolutionized the textile industry, and water power helped drive machinery in early factories located near streams. The Industrial Revolution brought massive social changes as many moved from countryside to cities for new jobs, though working conditions were difficult, especially for children. Britain's economic and imperial power grew dramatically due to the large increase in industrial production.
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The Industrial Revolution began around 1750 in Great Britain, transforming it from a rural agrarian society to an urban industrial one. Several factors contributed to Britain being the birthplace of the revolution, including lucrative agriculture, wealthy landowners, and inventive entrepreneurs. New spinning and weaving machines revolutionized the textile industry, and water power helped drive machinery in early factories located near streams. The Industrial Revolution brought massive social changes as people moved to cities for work, often in difficult conditions, and Britain's economy and global power grew significantly.
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An ancient Greek or Roman would have recognized daily life in Europe in the early 1700s
Agriculture and technology had changed little in 2000+ years
The Industrial Revolution changed human life dramatically and permanently
More technological advances were made in the last 250+ years than in the previous 2500+ years of known human history
DOMESTIC System
Under the domestic system:
A woman selected fabric and had a businessperson give it to a home-based worker to make into a dress.
Factory System
Replaces the domestic system of production
Under the factory system:
The factory owner bought large lots of fabrics and workers created multiple dresses in common sizes for women to buy.
The Industrial Revolution
Transportation improved
Canals
Ships
Wooden ships → Iron ships → Steel ships
Wind-powered sails → Steam-powered boilers
Trains
Communication improved
Telegraph
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Look at the map on the following slide
Why are the states east of the Mississippi River shaped so oddly?
Why are the states west of the Mississippi River more square shaped?
RAILROADS
Convict labor was utilized during the construction of the Western North Carolina Railroad. The state of North Carolina leased the convicts to the rail company, and 3,500+ men worked on the rail line; the majority were African-Americans. The work was hazardous with several men laying the rail line, grading, and the excavating tunnels.
450+ died during the railroad's construction.
Each mile of track required approximately 2500 cross ties.
A wooden railroad tie, which weighs 200 pounds and is nine feet long, typically lasts 40 to 70 years.
total mileage: 18301840185018601870Canals1,2773,3263,698Railroads733,3288,87930,63650,000
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Further Industrial Growth
New Jobs
Boosted agriculture and fishing industries
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People able to travel further
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VS.
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Agricultural REVOLTUION
Eli Whitney – Cotton gin (1793) – Increased cotton production
Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical reaper (1834) – Increased wheat production
Other inventions: Horse-drawn hay rake, threshing machine, st.
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1industrial revolution.pdf
- 3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS IN BRITAIN The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way • enclosures - land bought by wealthy landowners from village farmers that became larger fields. landowners tried new agricultural method large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities.
- 4. Jethro Tull • seed drill - it allowed farmers to sow seeds in well spaced rows at specific depths.
- 5. • crop rotation - he practice of planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land.
- 6. • in 1700's , he increased his mutton output by allowing only his best sheep to breed. Robert bakewell
- 7. Industrialization - greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700's Why industrial revolution began in england Factors of production: the resources needed to produce goods and services that the industrial revolution required • land • labor • capital
- 8. INventions spur industrialization Changes in textile industry Flying shuttle (1733) by John Kay - a boat-shaped piece of wood, a shuttle that sped back and forth on wheels.
- 10. spinning Jenny (1764) by James Hargreaves - spinning wheel that allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time.
- 11. machine that used the waterpower from rapid streams to drive spinning wheels. Water frame (1769) by Richard Arkwright
- 12. Spinning mule (1779) by Samuel Crompton - made thread that was stinger, finer, and more consistent.
- 13. 1787
- 14. Improvements in transportation Watt's steamed engine Steamed engine (1765) - James Watt In 1774, he joined with Mathew Boulton who encouraged him to build better engines.
- 15. Water transportation Robert Fulton built a steamboat called Clermont which made its first successful trip in 1807.
- 16. In early 1800's, John McAdam equipped smooth layer of crushed rock that even in heavy rain weather, heavy wagons could travel without sinking in mud.
- 17. The railway age begins Stream driven locomotives
- 20. 4 Major Effects Railroads spurred industrial growth. The railroad boom hundreds and thousands of jobs for both railroad workers and miners. Railroads boosted England's agricultural and finishing industries. Railroads encouraged country people to take distant city jobs. Railroad revolutionize life in britain