This document summarizes the contributions of several important scientists from the 19th century including James Maxwell, Louis Pasteur, and Charles Darwin, and highlights several technological advancements such as the railroad, steamship, internal combustion engine, airplane, telegraph, and telephone. Key scientific discoveries included Maxwell's work in physics and astronomy, Pasteur's disproving of spontaneous generation and development of pasteurization, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Major technologies that transformed transportation and communication during this period were also outlined.

1. Progress in Science and
Technology

3. James Maxwell
• Scottish
• Regarded as scientific genius
• Made contributions to the fields of physics
and astronomy
• Albert Einstein built on the foundations laid by
Maxwell

4. James Maxwell

5. Louis Pasteur
• French
• Made important discoveries that prevented
diseases
• Proved that spontaneous generation is a myth

6. Louis Pasteur

7. • Pasteurization – heating a liquid to slow the
development of disease-causing microbes

8. Charles Darwin
• His theory assumed a natural explanation for
man’s origins
• Believed that all living things came from a
single life form

9. Charles Darwin

10. TECHNOLOGY

11. Railroad
• Britain developed the first known railway
system in the world
• Transcontinental Railroad was finished in the
US in 1869

12. Steamship
• Steamships replaced sail-driven ships and
traveled across the ocean

13. Internal Combustion Engine
• Produced its power inside the engine
• Powered by gasoline or diesel
• Europeans developed the first automobiles

14. Flight
• Wilbur and Orville Wright built the first
successful airplane
• First flight was on December 17, 1903

16. Telegraph
• Send messages over wire lines using a code
developed by Samuel Morse.
• Cable was laid across the Atlantic Ocean so
could now send messages around the world

17. Samuel Morse

18. Telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent
it.