Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters. Shell and Tube heat exchanger is one such heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with other type of heat exchanger. To intensify heat transfer with minimum pumping power innovative heat transfer fluids called Nano fluids have become the major area of research now a days. The primary aim is to evaluate the effect of different weight concentration and temperatures on convective heat transfer. Increasing the weight concentration and temperatures leads to enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient. In the present, work attempts are made to enhance the heat transfer rate in shell and tube heat exchangers. A multi pass shell and tube heat exchanger with 3 tubes with fins modelling is done using ANSYS. Nanofluid such as Al2O3-H2O is used. The CFD simulated results achieved from the use of the creating fin in tube side in shell and tube type heat exchanger are compared with without fin. Based on the results, providing fins on tube causes the increment of overall heat transfer coefficient which results in the enhancement of heat transfer rate of heat exchanger. Sudhanshu Pathak | H. S. Sahu"CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14259.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14259/cfd-analysis-of-heat-transfer-enhancement-in-shell-and-tube-type-heat-exchanger-creating-triangular-fin-on-the-tubes/sudhanshu-pathak
In this work a sample problem for shell and tube heat exchanger is analytically solved to size the heat exchanger and thereafter perform cfd validation study .
Analysis of forced draft cooling tower performance using ansys fluent softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract In this project the cooling tower performance has been analyzed by varying air inlet parameters with different air inlet angles and by attaching a nozzle in air inlet. The cooling tower analyzed here is used specifically for small scale industries, which is forced draft counter-flow cooling tower with single module capacities from 10 to 100 cooling tons. In this project 50 tons cooling capacity model has been taken as reference model. The analysis has been done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS 14.5 software. The cooling tower models have been modeled using SOLIDWORKS 2013 software and they have been meshed using ICEM CFD 14.5 software. The meshed models have been analyzed using FLUENT software. The air inlet angles varied in horizontal direction, vertical direction and by combining both horizontal and vertical inclination. A convergent nozzle has been modeled and assembled to the inlet pipe. The temperature contours of the cooling tower models have been taken from the analysis. Based on the outlet cold water temperature, the improved effectiveness of the cooling tower model has been obtained.
Keywords: Forced draft cooling tower, Air inlet parameter, Convergent nozzle, Cooling ton capacity, Counter flow cooling tower, Ansys 14.5, Solidworks 2013, ICEM CFD 14.5, Effectiveness of cooling tower.
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HELICAL TUBE IN COIL TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERhemantnehete
Heat exchangers are the important engineering systems with wide variety of applications including power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, chemical processing and food industries. Helical coil configuration is very effective for heat exchangers and chemical reactors because they can accommodate a large heat transfer area in a small space, with high heat transfer coefficients. This project focus on an increase in the effectiveness of a heat exchanger and analysis of various parameters that affect the effectiveness of a heat exchanger and also deals with the performance analysis of heat exchanger by varying various parameters like number of coils, flow rate and temperature. The results of the helical tube heat exchanger are compared with the straight tube heat exchanger in both parallel and counter flow by varying parameters like temperature, flow rate of cold water and number of turns of helical coil.
In this work a sample problem for shell and tube heat exchanger is analytically solved to size the heat exchanger and thereafter perform cfd validation study .
Analysis of forced draft cooling tower performance using ansys fluent softwareeSAT Journals
Abstract In this project the cooling tower performance has been analyzed by varying air inlet parameters with different air inlet angles and by attaching a nozzle in air inlet. The cooling tower analyzed here is used specifically for small scale industries, which is forced draft counter-flow cooling tower with single module capacities from 10 to 100 cooling tons. In this project 50 tons cooling capacity model has been taken as reference model. The analysis has been done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS 14.5 software. The cooling tower models have been modeled using SOLIDWORKS 2013 software and they have been meshed using ICEM CFD 14.5 software. The meshed models have been analyzed using FLUENT software. The air inlet angles varied in horizontal direction, vertical direction and by combining both horizontal and vertical inclination. A convergent nozzle has been modeled and assembled to the inlet pipe. The temperature contours of the cooling tower models have been taken from the analysis. Based on the outlet cold water temperature, the improved effectiveness of the cooling tower model has been obtained.
Keywords: Forced draft cooling tower, Air inlet parameter, Convergent nozzle, Cooling ton capacity, Counter flow cooling tower, Ansys 14.5, Solidworks 2013, ICEM CFD 14.5, Effectiveness of cooling tower.
This is a Major Project Report successfully done at DVRCET under the guidance of Mechanical Engineering Department & the Managing Director of NIRAJA TECHNOLOGIES located at Uppal (Hyderabad).
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HELICAL TUBE IN COIL TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERhemantnehete
Heat exchangers are the important engineering systems with wide variety of applications including power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, chemical processing and food industries. Helical coil configuration is very effective for heat exchangers and chemical reactors because they can accommodate a large heat transfer area in a small space, with high heat transfer coefficients. This project focus on an increase in the effectiveness of a heat exchanger and analysis of various parameters that affect the effectiveness of a heat exchanger and also deals with the performance analysis of heat exchanger by varying various parameters like number of coils, flow rate and temperature. The results of the helical tube heat exchanger are compared with the straight tube heat exchanger in both parallel and counter flow by varying parameters like temperature, flow rate of cold water and number of turns of helical coil.
• Types of heat exchangers
• Classification of heat exchangers
• components of heat exchanger
• Materials of heat exchanger
• troubleshooting of heat exchanger
Seismic behavior of rc elevated water tankunder different types of staging pa...CADmantra Technologies
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST MANIFOLD OF A MULTI CYLINDER EN...IAEME Publication
The paper deals with the thermal and structural analysis of a multi cylinder engine exhaust manifold, for the given dimensions. The dimensions of the exhaust manifold are taken from the drawing. The 3D model is prepared using NX-CAD software. Thermal and Coupled Field analysis are performed. Critical frequencies in the operating range are obtained by performing Modal analysis. Harmonic analysis is performed and the deflections and stresses at the nearest natural
frequencies are plotted. The exhaust manifold design’s acceptance is done from the results obtained in different analysis. It is an effort to automate design optimization which would reduce technical,schedule, and cost risks for new engine developments.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Peltier Effect- when a voltage or DC current is applied
to two dissimilar conductors, a circuit can be created that
allows for continuous heat transport between the
conductor’s junctions. The Seebeck Effect- is the reverse
of the Peltier Effect. By applying heat to two different
conductors a current can be generated
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOW IN A CPU CABINET WITH MOTHERBOARD AND HARD DISK ...IAEME Publication
The present work investigates the numerical simulation of thermal analysis of mixed convection air flow in a CPU Cabinet. The simulation is focused on the non-uniformly heated mother board temperature distribution. In the
present work three cases have been studied, 1) Placing the CPU in vertical position, 2) Placing the CPU in horizontal
position and 3) Providing exhaust fan on top. The work also includes studies of effectiveness of different inlets provided.
The temperature distribution of the components and streamlines were investigated in order to get a clear picture of which case is more effective for cooling of the mother board
In this paper three different cut patterns of brake disc are studied for heat transfer rate. Heat transfer rate increases with number of cuts in the disc. This is because large area is exposed to air which makes more heat transfer through conduction and convection. But increase in number and size of cuts decreases the strength of disc. And analysed thermally in ANSYS for different material and design created in CREO 3.0.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF I.C. ENGINE PISTON AND PISTON-RING USING CATIA AND ANS...IAEME Publication
In this present work a piston and piston ring are designed for a single cylinder four stroke petrol engine using CATIA V5R20 software. Complete design is imported to ANSYS 14.5 software then analysis is performed. Three different materials have been selected for structural and thermal analysis of piston. For piston ring two different materials are selected and structural and thermal analysis is performed using ANSYS 14.5 software. Results are shown and a comparison is made to
find the most suited design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in Spiral Plate Heat Exchanger Using Experimental a...ijsrd.com
Heat transfer is the key to several processes in industrial application. In a present days maximum efficient heat transfer equipment are in demand due to increasing energy cost. For achieving maximum heat transfer, the engineers are continuously upgrading their knowledge and skills by their past experience. Present work is a skip in the direction of demonstrating the use of the computational technique as a tool to substitute experimental techniques. For this purpose an experimental set up has been designed and developed. Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger is performed and same Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger can be done by commercially procurable computational fluid dynamic (CFD) using ANSYS CFX and validated based on this forecasting. Analysis has been carried out in parallel and counter flow with inward and outward direction for achieving maximum possible heat transfer. In this problem of heat transfer involved the condition where Reynolds number again and again varies as the fluid traverses inside the section of flow from inlet to exit, mass flow rate of working fluid is been modified with time. By more and more analysis and experimentation and systematic data degradation leads to the conclusion that the maximum heat transfer rates is obtained in case of the inward parallel flow configuration compared to all other counterparts, which observed to vary with small difference in each section. Furthermore, for the increase heat transfer rate in spiral plate heat exchanger is obtain by cascading system.
• Types of heat exchangers
• Classification of heat exchangers
• components of heat exchanger
• Materials of heat exchanger
• troubleshooting of heat exchanger
Seismic behavior of rc elevated water tankunder different types of staging pa...CADmantra Technologies
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
THERMAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF AN EXHAUST MANIFOLD OF A MULTI CYLINDER EN...IAEME Publication
The paper deals with the thermal and structural analysis of a multi cylinder engine exhaust manifold, for the given dimensions. The dimensions of the exhaust manifold are taken from the drawing. The 3D model is prepared using NX-CAD software. Thermal and Coupled Field analysis are performed. Critical frequencies in the operating range are obtained by performing Modal analysis. Harmonic analysis is performed and the deflections and stresses at the nearest natural
frequencies are plotted. The exhaust manifold design’s acceptance is done from the results obtained in different analysis. It is an effort to automate design optimization which would reduce technical,schedule, and cost risks for new engine developments.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Peltier Effect- when a voltage or DC current is applied
to two dissimilar conductors, a circuit can be created that
allows for continuous heat transport between the
conductor’s junctions. The Seebeck Effect- is the reverse
of the Peltier Effect. By applying heat to two different
conductors a current can be generated
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AIR FLOW IN A CPU CABINET WITH MOTHERBOARD AND HARD DISK ...IAEME Publication
The present work investigates the numerical simulation of thermal analysis of mixed convection air flow in a CPU Cabinet. The simulation is focused on the non-uniformly heated mother board temperature distribution. In the
present work three cases have been studied, 1) Placing the CPU in vertical position, 2) Placing the CPU in horizontal
position and 3) Providing exhaust fan on top. The work also includes studies of effectiveness of different inlets provided.
The temperature distribution of the components and streamlines were investigated in order to get a clear picture of which case is more effective for cooling of the mother board
In this paper three different cut patterns of brake disc are studied for heat transfer rate. Heat transfer rate increases with number of cuts in the disc. This is because large area is exposed to air which makes more heat transfer through conduction and convection. But increase in number and size of cuts decreases the strength of disc. And analysed thermally in ANSYS for different material and design created in CREO 3.0.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF I.C. ENGINE PISTON AND PISTON-RING USING CATIA AND ANS...IAEME Publication
In this present work a piston and piston ring are designed for a single cylinder four stroke petrol engine using CATIA V5R20 software. Complete design is imported to ANSYS 14.5 software then analysis is performed. Three different materials have been selected for structural and thermal analysis of piston. For piston ring two different materials are selected and structural and thermal analysis is performed using ANSYS 14.5 software. Results are shown and a comparison is made to
find the most suited design.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in Spiral Plate Heat Exchanger Using Experimental a...ijsrd.com
Heat transfer is the key to several processes in industrial application. In a present days maximum efficient heat transfer equipment are in demand due to increasing energy cost. For achieving maximum heat transfer, the engineers are continuously upgrading their knowledge and skills by their past experience. Present work is a skip in the direction of demonstrating the use of the computational technique as a tool to substitute experimental techniques. For this purpose an experimental set up has been designed and developed. Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger is performed and same Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger can be done by commercially procurable computational fluid dynamic (CFD) using ANSYS CFX and validated based on this forecasting. Analysis has been carried out in parallel and counter flow with inward and outward direction for achieving maximum possible heat transfer. In this problem of heat transfer involved the condition where Reynolds number again and again varies as the fluid traverses inside the section of flow from inlet to exit, mass flow rate of working fluid is been modified with time. By more and more analysis and experimentation and systematic data degradation leads to the conclusion that the maximum heat transfer rates is obtained in case of the inward parallel flow configuration compared to all other counterparts, which observed to vary with small difference in each section. Furthermore, for the increase heat transfer rate in spiral plate heat exchanger is obtain by cascading system.
Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cy...IJERA Editor
The global energy demand increases with the economic growth and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining. In addition to this harmful combustion byproducts are resulting global warming. However, the increase of environmental concerns and energy crisis can be minimized by sustainable utilization of the low to medium temperature heat resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. Heat exchangers are the main components of the Organic Rankine Cycle power plant which receives heat energy from the heat source to evaporate and condense the low boiling temperature organic working fluid which in turn drives the turbine to generate power. This paper presents a simplified approach to the design, fabrication and performance assessment of a shell tube heat exchanger designed for condenser in a model Organic Rankine Cycle geothermal power plant. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (condenser) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the condenser of the model power plant.
A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangersijtsrd
Now a day’s a geometrically modified Helical coil heat exchangers are widely using in industrial applications like cryogenic state processes, air conditioning, thermal nuclear reactors and waste heat recovery due to their compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. Advantage of using helical coils over straight tubes is that the residence time spread is reduced, allowing helical coils to be used to reduce axial dispersion in tubular reactors. In this study, numerical investigation of the influence of geometrical parameters such as tube diameter d , coil radius R , and coil pitch p on overall heat transfer coefficient in helical double tube heat exchangers are performed using a professional CFD software FLUENT. In recent years, numerous styles were introduced for heat exchangers that apply to completely different applications sadly, their heat transfer co efficient wasnt reliable at different operational conditions. the standard of the heat changed rate wasnt optimized and there have been many deficiencies and errors in styles. The heat transfer of the copper material is enhanced in comparison with other material unfortunately thermal resistance is reduced with an increase in pressure drop thus enhancing the heat transfer on the heat exchanger. Helical architecture is often designed with a clear motive of compact size and also address heat transfer co efficient and other ancillary attributes efficiently and effectively. So the better material is suggested for an industrial heat exchanger according to the applications is Copper with the basis of simulation results. The geometry and different dimension parameter of the helical coil show that the proposed study in different material properties and different mass flow rates to heat transfer are maximum in different parameter helical coil heat exchangers. Finally, the heat transfer increase for the copper material compared to another material but with the increase in pressure drop the corresponding thermal resistance decreases which allow the improved heat transfer rate and the rate increases from Aluminum to Bronze to Copper. With the drop in temperature, the thermal resistance is reduced which enhances the heat transfer rate. The simulation results show that the copper has a high heat transfer coefficient than Aluminum and Bronze while operating in identical conditions. Due to the extensive use of helical coils in various applications, knowledge about the flow patterns and heat transfer characteristics are important. Atul Vats | Sunil Kumar Chaturvedi | Abhishek Bhandari "A Review on Study of Heat Transfer Analysis of Helical Coil Heat Exchangers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43650.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/mechanical-engineering/43650/a-review-on-study-of-heat-transfer-analysis-of-helical-coil-heat-exchangers/atul-vats
Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Thermosyph...IJERA Editor
Two phase closed thermosyphon is a good heat transfer device. A large heat is transferred from evaporator to condenser with relatively a small temperature difference. In the present work, the heat transfer performance of two phase closed thermosyphon is analyzed experimentally with different cross section shape for the thermosyphon tube. A copper thermosyphon has been constructed with three different cross section shape (circular, square and rectangular) having the same hydraulic diameter and length. Methanol is used as the working fluid. The temperature distribution across the thermosyphon outer surface was measured and recorded using thermocouples. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of input power, thermal resistance is indirectly proportional to the input power. The maximum heat transfer coefficient (1815 W/m2C) for square cross section at the input power (500 W).
CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchang...ijtsrd
The flow properties of heat transfer across such corrugated channels are very distinct from parallel plate channels. The primary flow direction is parallel to the waviness of the channel of the corrugated channel, although the local flow direction is still changed due to the waviness of the channel. By flow recirculation, separation and re attachment, the thermal boundary layer formed on its walls is regularly disrupted and the convective heat transfer coefficient is thus increased. In this work, in corrugated channels, the convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of flow have been tested numerically. On channels of uniform heat flux and fixed corrugation over a Reynolds number spectrum, 10000 = Re = 30000, numerical research was conducted. The impacts of channel configuration, variation in Reynold’s number, and concentration variations of nanoparticles in base fluid on heat transfer are discussed. As opposed to the traditional corrugated channel, a major heat transfer gain was associated with the proposed corrugated channel. Based on the nanofluid concentration, Reynold number and channel configuration of the corrugated channel, the average Nusselt number increased by a factor of 2.2 up to 2.8 compared to that of the semi circular corrugated channel. Compared with the effect of channel configuration variation, triangular corrugated channel was the best Nusselt numbers, followed by the shape Semi circular Triangular , and Semi circular corrugated channel with the lowest results. Prof. Pushparaj Singh | Rishi Kesh Jha "CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger using Different Corrugated Channel Configurations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35706.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/35706/cfd-analysis-for-heat-transfer-enhancement-of-a-corrugated-plate-heat-exchanger-using-different-corrugated-channel-configurations/prof-pushparaj-singh
Heat Transfer Enhancement of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Conical Tapes.IJERA Editor
This paper provides heat transfer and friction factor data for single -phase flow in a shell and tube heat exchanger fitted with a helical tape insert. In the double concentric tube heat exchanger, hot air was passed through the inner tube while the cold water was flowed through the annulus. The influences of the helical insert on heat transfer rate and friction factor were studied for counter flow, and Nusselt numbers and friction factor obtained were compared with previous data (Dittus 1930, Petukhov 1970, Moody 1944) for axial flows in the plain tube. The flow considered is in a low Reynolds number range between 2300 and 8800. A maximum percentage gain of 165% in heat transfer rate is obtained for using the helical insert in comparison with the plain tube.
CFD Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by using Fluid Based Nanomaterialsijtsrd
Double pipe heat exchanger design is a device which we using for heat transfer applications straightforward. This maintains one heat exchanger pipe inside another. After determining the required heat exchanger surface area, for either counter flow or parallel flow, the pipe sizes and number of bends for the double pipe heat exchanger can be selected. In double pipe heat exchanger design, an important factor is the type of flow pattern in the heat exchanger. A double pipe heat exchanger will typically be either counterblow or parallel flow. Cross flow just doesnt work for a double pipe heat exchanger. The flow pattern and the required heat exchange duty allow calculation of the log mean temperature difference. That together with an estimated overall heat transfer coefficient allows calculation of the required heat transfer surface area. Then pipe sizes, pipe lengths and number of bends can be determined. The convective heat transfer, friction factor and effectiveness of different volume concentrations of Fe3O4 Nano fluid flow in an inner tube of double pipe heat exchanger with return bend has been estimated experimentally and turbulent flow conditions. The test section used in this study is of double pipe type in which the inner tube diameter is 0.019 m, the annulus tube diameter is 0.05m and the total length of inner tube is 5 m. At a distance of 2.2mfromthe inlet of the inner tube the return bend is provided. The hot Nanofluids flows through an inner tube, whereas the cold water flows through an annulus tube. The volume concentrations of the nanoparticles used in this study are 0.03 and 8 lpm ,10 lpm mass flow rate with Reynolds number range from 9,000 to 30,000.in the process analyze the CFD analysis is performed in Ansys Fluent 15.0 workbench and its used different nanofluids used, which nanofluids better heat transfer rate find base on the results.In this process choose different nanofluids Al2o3, Cuo ,Fe3o4 this nanofluids properties taken by different base papers. Golkonda Venkata Apparao | K. Srinivasa Rao "CFD Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by using Fluid Based Nanomaterials" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20306.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/20306/cfd-analysis-of-a-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-by-using-fluid-based-nanomaterials/golkonda-venkata-apparao
Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Pipe-inPipe Helical Coil H...iosrjce
Heat transfer enhancement in pipe in pipe helical coils has been research by many researchers.
While the many literatures available on heat transfer characteristics of helical coil heat exchangers. There is
very few published on validate experimental results through Computational Fluid Dynamics. This paper focuses
on experimental investigation of fluid-to-fluid heat transfer enhancement of pipe-in-pipe helical coil tubes. The
methodology of experimental analysis of a helical tubes heat exchanger, the effect of the inside tubes at constant
value of mass flow rate in Dean Number and also established the surface heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer
characteristics inside pipe-in-pipe helical coils for various boundary conditions, that the specification of a
constant temperature at hot water inlet, constant mass flow rate. Hence, the pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger is
considering different mass flow rate inside and annulus. The fabrication of experimental setup is estimate the
heat transfer enhancement in inside helical coil tubes
Comparative Study and Analysis between Helical Coil and Straight Tube Heat Ex...IJERA Editor
The purpose of this study is to determine the relative advantage of using a helically coiled heat exchanger against a straight tube heat exchanger. It is found that the heat transfer in helical circular tubes is higher as compared to Straight tube due to their shape. Helical coils offer advantageous over straight tubes due to their compactness and increased heat transfer coefficient. The increased heat transfer coefficients are a consequence of the curvature of the coil, which induces centrifugal forces to act on the moving fluid, resulting in the development of secondary flow. The curvature of the coil governs the centrifugal force while the pitch (or helix angle) influences the torsion to which the fluid is subjected to the centrifugal force results in the development of secondary flow. Due to the curvature effect, the fluid streams in the outer side of the pipe moves faster than the fluid streams in the inner side of the pipe. In current work the fluid to fluid heat exchange is taken into consideration. Most of the investigations on heat transfer coefficients are for constant wall temperature or constant heat flux. The effectiveness, overall heat transfer coefficient, effect of cold water flow rate on effectiveness of heat exchanger when hot water mass flow rate is kept constant and effect of hot water flow rate on effectiveness when cold water flow rate kept constant studied and compared for parallel flow, counter flow arrangement of Helical coil and Straight tube heat exchangers. All readings were taken at steady state condition of heat exchanger. The result shows that the heat transfer coefficient is affected by the geometry of the heat exchanger. Helical coil heat exchanger are superior in all aspect studied here.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF HEAT ENHANCEMENT IN CORRUGATED TWISTED ...P singh
In heat exchanger, the enthalpy is transferred between two or more fluids, at different temperatures. The major challenge in designing a heat exchanger is to make the equipment more compact and achieve a high heat transfer rate using minimum pumping power. In recent years, the high cost of energy and material has resulted in an increased effort aimed at producing more efficient heat exchange equipment. Furthermore, as a heat exchanger becomes older, the resistance to heat transfer increases owing to fouling or scaling. The heat transfer rate can be improved by introducing a disturbance in the fluid flow thereby breaking the viscous and thermal boundary layer. However, in the process pumping power may increase significantly and ultimately the pumping cost becomes high. Therefore, to achieve a desired heat transfer rate in an existing heat exchanger at an economic pumping power, several techniques have been proposed in recent years and are discussed under the classification section.
In this work, a study of transient heat transfer in double tube heat exchanger has enhanced. The inner tube of the setup was made with corrugation on both inner and outer walls by twisting the pipe from one end, which gives the more swirling motion to the fluid particles flowing over it. The flow inside the pipe was considered as turbulent, and the analysis was done experimentally and theoretically by using the ANSYS workbench. The experimental results were compared with the experimental values taken in the setup done by considering the inner tube as normal pipe. In both heat exchangers the values were taken and compared with the theoretical analysis. Temperature distribution and heat transfer rate were calculated and the details of the study have been discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Heat pipe are high-efficient heat transfer devices and have been widely applied in various thermal systems. Since heat pipe utilize the phase change of the working fluid to transport the heat, the selection of working fluid is of essential importance to promote the thermal performance of heat pipe. Owing to the heat transfer enhancement effect of nanofluid in the single phase and phase change heat transfer, some researchers have applied various nanofluids in heat pipe as the working fluids to enhance their heat transfer performance.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes
Sudhanshu Pathak
1
M
Millennium Institute of
ABSTRACT
Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special
importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre
heaters. Shell and Tube heat exchanger is one such
heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer
between two fluids in comparison with other type of
heat exchanger. To intensify heat transfer with
minimum pumping power innovative heat transfer
fluids called Nano fluids have become the major area
of research now a days.
The primary aim is to evaluate the effect of different
weight concentration and temperatures on convective
heat transfer. Increasing the weight concentration and
temperatures leads to enhancement of convective heat
transfer coefficient. In the present, work attempts are
made to enhance the heat transfer rate in shell and
tube heat exchangers. A multi pass shell and tube heat
exchanger with 3 tubes with fins modelling is done
using ANSYS. Nanofluid such as Al2O3
used. The CFD simulated results achieved from the
use of the creating fin in tube side in shell and tube
type heat exchanger are compared with without fin.
Based on the results, providing fins on tube causes the
increment of overall heat transfer coefficient which
results in the enhancement of heat transfer rate of heat
exchanger.
Keywords: Shell and Tube heat exchanger, Nano fluids,
Heat transfer, ANSYS 14.5, Overall heat transfer
coefficient, extended surface
INTRODUCTION
Heat exchanger is defined as a device which is use to
transfer energy between two fluids
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes
Sudhanshu Pathak1
, H. S. Sahu2
M.Tech Scholar, 2
Assistant Professor
nstitute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special
importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-
and Tube heat exchanger is one such
heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer
between two fluids in comparison with other type of
heat exchanger. To intensify heat transfer with
minimum pumping power innovative heat transfer
fluids have become the major area
The primary aim is to evaluate the effect of different
weight concentration and temperatures on convective
heat transfer. Increasing the weight concentration and
convective heat
transfer coefficient. In the present, work attempts are
made to enhance the heat transfer rate in shell and
tube heat exchangers. A multi pass shell and tube heat
exchanger with 3 tubes with fins modelling is done
ch as Al2O3-H2O is
used. The CFD simulated results achieved from the
use of the creating fin in tube side in shell and tube
type heat exchanger are compared with without fin.
Based on the results, providing fins on tube causes the
transfer coefficient which
results in the enhancement of heat transfer rate of heat
Shell and Tube heat exchanger, Nano fluids,
Heat transfer, ANSYS 14.5, Overall heat transfer
Heat exchanger is defined as a device which is use to
which are at
different temperature with maximum rate and
minimum cost.
Classification of Heat Exchanger:
types of heat exchanger which are widely used in
industry and application of power generation. Heat
exchanger is classified based on following criteria:
According to flow arrangements of fluids.
According to heat transfer process.
According to geometry of construction.
a) According to flow arrangement of fluids
A heat exchanger can have several different flow
patterns. Counter flow, parallel flow, and cross flow
are common heat exchanger types. A counter flow
heat exchanger is the most efficient flow pattern of
the three. It leads to the lowest required heat
exchanger surface area because the logarithmic mean
temperature drop is the highest for a counter flow heat
exchanger.
i) Parallel flow heat exchanger
A double pipe heat exchanger can be operated in
parallel flow mode. Similarly a shell and tube heat
exchanger can be operated in approximately parallel
flow by having both fluids enter at one end and exit at
the other end. With parallel flow the temperature
difference between the two fluids is large at the
entrance end, but it becomes small at the exit end as
the two fluid temperatures approach each other. The
overall measure of heat transfer driving force, the
logarithmic mean temperature difference is greater for
counter flow, and so the heat exchanger surface area
Jun 2018 Page: 1161
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type
Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes
, Madhya Pradesh, India
different temperature with maximum rate and
Classification of Heat Exchanger: There are many
types of heat exchanger which are widely used in
industry and application of power generation. Heat
on following criteria:
According to flow arrangements of fluids.
According to heat transfer process.
According to geometry of construction.
a) According to flow arrangement of fluids
A heat exchanger can have several different flow
parallel flow, and cross flow
are common heat exchanger types. A counter flow
heat exchanger is the most efficient flow pattern of
the three. It leads to the lowest required heat
exchanger surface area because the logarithmic mean
highest for a counter flow heat
i) Parallel flow heat exchanger
A double pipe heat exchanger can be operated in
parallel flow mode. Similarly a shell and tube heat
exchanger can be operated in approximately parallel
enter at one end and exit at
the other end. With parallel flow the temperature
difference between the two fluids is large at the
entrance end, but it becomes small at the exit end as
the two fluid temperatures approach each other. The
at transfer driving force, the
logarithmic mean temperature difference is greater for
counter flow, and so the heat exchanger surface area
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1162
requirement will be larger than for a counter flow heat
exchanger with the same inlet and outlet temperatures
for the hot and the cold fluid.
ii) Counter flow heat exchanger
A counter flow heat exchanger has the hot fluid
entering at one end of the heat exchanger flow path
and the cold fluid entering at the other end of the flow
path. Counter flow is the most common type of liquid-
liquid heat exchanger, because it is the most efficient.
A double pipe heat exchanger is usually operated as a
counter flow heat exchanger
iii) Cross flow heat exchanger
A car radiator and an air conditioner evaporator coil
are examples of cross flow heat exchangers. In both
cases heat transfer is taking place between a liquid
flowing inside a tube or tubes and air flowing past the
tubes. With a car radiator, the hot water in the tubes is
being cooled by air flowing through the radiator
between the tubes. With an air conditioner evaporator
coil, air flowing past the evaporator coils is cooled by
the cold refrigerant flowing inside the tubes of the
coil. Cross flow heat exchangers are typically used for
heat transfer between a gas and a liquid.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Heat transfer performance of heat exchangers can be
improved by using nanofluids. The nanofluids can
help to reduce the cost and size of the heat
exchangers, and heating and cooling systems. Nano
fluids are study of behaviour of fluids, which are
confined to Nano meter sized structure of particles.
Nano fluids are plays an important role in heat
transfer applications. Many industrial processes
involve the transfer of heat. Heating or cooling in an
industrial application may create savings heat energy,
reducing time and increasing life of working
equipment like heat exchangers, boilers and radiators
etc. In this work Shell and tube Heat exchanger is
used to estimate the heat transfer rate. There is a lot of
research going on in this area, a few of them are stated
below,
Yannar et al.(2008): Investigated the flow and heat
transfer characteristic of spiral pipe heat exchanger
using different type of Nano fluid with different
concentration such as Al2O3-water, TiO2-water, CuO-
water Nano fluid with 1%, 1% and 3% concentration
respectively. Test section made of copper tube had the
ratio of pitch per diameter is 7, mean hydraulic
diameter is 30mm, 10mm diameter and 1600mm
length. Heat transfer enhanced 28% at 0.8%
concentration of nano fluid, due to high concentration
shear stress of Nano fluid is increased. Heat transfer
enhancement is high in spiral pipe compared with
circular pipe, because the pressure drop is high in
spiral pipe. Heat transfer co efficient is decreases
when axial distance of Nano fluid is increasing,
because formation of boundary layer.
Manna et al.(2014):Investigated the thermal
conductivity enhancement of SiC-water Nano fluid
using transient hot wire device. Thermal conductivity
of Nano fluid is increased with increasing the
concentration of nanoparticle, 26% of maximum
thermal conductivity is obtained when using 0.8%
concentration of Nano fluid. Mechanically milled
nanoparticles having high heat transfer enhancement.
Nanoparticle volume and shape is important factor to
enhance the thermal conductivity of Nano fluid, at
27nm sized nanoparticle enhanced 12% of thermal
conductivity Nano fluid.
Shriram S. Sonawan et e al.(2015):Investigated the
heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3– water
nanofluids as a coolant used in concentric tube heat
exchanger. The heat exchanger is fabricated from
copper concentric inner tube with a length of 1000
mm. The nanofluids are the mixture of water as base
fluid and Al2O3 particles in Nano range. The results
obtained from the nanofluids cooling in concentric
tube heat exchanger are compared with those from
base fluids. The effects of inlet flow rate of hot fluids,
Reynolds’s number and composition of nanofluids on
concentric tube heat exchanger are considered. It is
observed that average heat transfer rates for
nanofluids as cooling media are higher than those for
the water as cooling media, and this increases with
concentration of nanofluids' composition. The results
of this study have technological importance for the
efficient design of concentric tube heat exchanger to
enhance cooling performance at low heat flux cooling
systems
Khorasani et al. (2017): There was no work found
which considered cumulative effect of nanofluids
and fins on shell and tube heat exchanger in terms of
overall heat transfer coefficient and net heat
transferred.
K.Somasekhar et al.(2018):In this study a multi pass
shell and tube heat exchanger with 3 tubes modeling
is done using CATIA and meshing has done using
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 1163
ICEM CFD software, simulations has done by using
CFD-FLUENT software. Using Fluent, computational
fluid dynamics software the pressure drop, heat
transfer characteristics of Al2O3-water nanofluid, and
Distilled water are analyzed under turbulent flow
condition. Nanofluid such as Al2O3-H2O is used as
cooling medium instead of Distilled water. Finally the
CFD simulated results are compared with
experimental results. The effects of Peclet number,
volume concentration of suspended nanoparticles, and
particle type on the heat transfer characteristics were
investigated. Based on the results, adding of
nanoparticles to the base fluid (Distilled water) causes
the significant enhancement of heat transfer
characteristics.
PROBLEMS FORMULATION
From the previous works further problems are
identified. For enhancement of the heat transfer, the
factors which affect the heat transfer rate are area
contact, turbulence creating on fluid flow and
Thermophysical properties of fluid. In the previous
finding researches, heat transfer rate is low due to the
low value of overall heat transfer coefficient and
Nusselt number.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
It can be observed from the problems identification
dissolving by the improvement in the shell and tube
type heat exchanger by applying various techniques
which causes the result in the enhancement of heat
transfer rate in the heat exchanger. The effort make to
enhancement of heat transfer in heat exchanger are
develop a proper Heat Exchanger for maximum heat
transfer rate.
METHODOLOGY
In this study a CFD model has design in Design
modular using ANSYS 14.5. The shell and tube heat
exchanger consists of the components Shell and tubes.
Table 1 Specification of Shell and Tube
Specifications of shell Specifications of the Tubes& Fins
Material Stainless steel Material
Stainless
steel
inner diameter 208 mm Inner diameter 14 mm
Outer diameter 218 mm Outer diameter 16 mm
Length 500 mm Length 1000 mm
No. of tube 3
No. of fins 2
Size of triangular fins
Base- 1mm
Height-2mm
Table 2 Tube Side cold fluid (Water-Al2O3nanofluid) Properties Using Pak and cho Relation
In this work the model of shell and tube type heat exchanger are modeled in design modular. The tube used is
the U tube type with triangular fin whose dimension is shown in the above chapter. The meshing has been done
in the ICEM Meshing method and the solver used for the simulation is CFD. The model of Heat Exchanger is
shown in the figure 1.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Fig. 1 Geometry model of shell and tube heat exchanger
The Designed model of Heat Exchanger is meshed in ICEM CFD Meshing. The meshing type has done
quardcore and tetrahedral. The number of nodes and elements that are used are473198 and 2097041
respectively.
Fig. 2 Meshing model of shell and tube Heat Exchanger
Name Selection: A different part of the heat exchanger and fluid flowing inside the heat exchanger is selected
and the names are given to them so that boundary conditions can be applied on different boundary.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Fig. 3 Name Selection of shell and tube Heat Exchanger
Model Selection: In model selection only three parameters are selected. Remaining parameter are remained as
Default. The three parameters are:-Eulerian, Energy – on and – Standard k-e turbulence model.
Boundary Conditions: The boundary conditions that are applied on the model are as below:
Table 3 Bounadry conditions
Specification Fluid Inlet temp
Mass Flow
rate
Cold fluid(tube side)mc Water-Al2O3 303 K 0.09 kg/s
Hot fluid(shell side)mh
Water 363 K 0.61 kg/s
Solution and Results: After putting the boundary conditions, the solution is initialized and then iteration is
applied so that the values of all parameters can be seen in a curve or line graph. After the iteration gets
completed final result could be seen.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Heat transfer through heat exchanger depends on the mass flow rate and temperature of fluid flowing inside the
heat exchanger. In current flow rate of 0.09 Kg/s of cold fluid and 0.61 Kg/s of hot fluid have been considered.
Fins are provided on the tube is kept triangular to maximize the area of heat transfer. To analyze the cumulative
effect of nanofluid and fins on the heat exchanger rate, the CFD model of heat exchanger has been developed.
The main purpose of the present work is obtaining the maximum value of heat transfer rate by improving the
overall heat transfer coefficient. That can be calculated by using formula written below:
Q = U A 𝝷m × No. of tubes
Where, Q = Heat transfer rate in watt
A = Surface Area in square meter
𝝷m = LMTD in kelvin
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient
After validation of the CFD model of the heat exchanger, five different mass flow rate of nanofluid is allowed
to flow through the heat exchanger with fin and without fin at its tube and the results are summarized with the
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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help of, line graph and table. The results obtained from the formulation of this problem are discussed in this
chapter and the contours of temperature and pressure difference are shown.
Fig.4 Contours of Temperature variation on shell side
Fig.5 Contours of temperature variation on tube side
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Fig.6 Contours of Pressure variation on shell side
The temperature variations obtained from CFD results are mentioned below:
Cold Fluid inlet =303k,
Cold Fluid outlet =359.26k
Hot Fluid inlet = 363k
Hot Fluid outlet = 355.4k
Table 4: Comparison of overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of CFD simulated results from
previous value.
Physical
property
AL2O3-Water
nanofluid as a
cooling medium at
Pe=60000, 2%
volume fraction
AL2O3-Water
nanofluid as a
cooling medium
with triangular fin
at Pe =60000, 2%
volume fraction
% Enhancement
Overall heat
transfer coefficient
U (W/sq. meter k)
356.2 373.73 4.77%
Nusselt number 77 81.21 5.46%
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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Fig.7: Variation of overall heat transfer coefficient with respect to mass flow rate of cold fluid.
Fig.:8 Variation of cold fluid outlet temperature with respect to the mass flow rate of cold fluid
The above figure shows that the value of outlet temperature of cold fluid increases with mass flow rate of cold
fluid using triangular fin and found to be maximum at 0.09kg/sec mass rate of cold fluid. The value of Outlet
Temperature of cold fluid prominently increases with the use of triangular fin.
Figure 9: Variation of Nusselt number with respect to Peclet number
The above figure shows that the value of Nusselt
number of cold fluid increases with Peclet number
using triangular fin and found to be maximum at Pe =
60000. The value of Nusselt number of cold fluid
prominently increases with use of triangular fin.
CONCLUSIONS
In this analysis, the cumulative effect on fins and
nanofluid in shell and tube heat exchanger has been
investigated using CFD analysis. Based on the results
obtained by the CFD analysis it has been observed
that at mass flow rate of cold fluid i.e. 0.09Kg/s and
hot fluid i.e. 0.68 Kg/s, the overall heat transfer
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
OverallHeatTransfer
Coefficient(U)inwatt/m2K
Mass flow rate of cold fluid in kg/sec.
Without Fin
With Fin
325
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
ColdfluidoutletTemperatre
inKelvin
Mass flow rate of cold fluid in kg/sec.
Without Fin
With Fin
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20000 40000 60000 80000
Nusseltnumber(Nu)
Peclet Number (Pe)
Without Fin
With Fin
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
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coefficient increased by 4.77% by using triangular
fins and nanofluid. At mass flow rate of cold fluid i.e.
0.09Kg/s and hot fluid i.e. 0.68 Kg/s, the outlet
temperature of cold fluid increased by 14 Kelvin by
using triangular fins and nanofluid. Figures shows that
over all heat transfer comparison for overall heat
transfer coefficient, which confirms that net heat
transfer is maximum when fins and nanofluid is used
together.
Optimum utilization of energy, the equipment used in
industries, must be efficient .By using shell and tube
heat exchanger with a nanofluid and fins along tubes,
heat transfer from the system can be increased to a
great extent. The works that can be done in future are
use different materials of the tube and shell for
analysis, Injection of air bubbles can further add to
heat transfer rate and use different combination
Nanofluids and different shape of fin for analysis.
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