I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari BSc from science college Multan MSC university of education Lahore i love Pakistan and my teachers

1. HAFIZ
MUHAMMAD
WASEEM
BA BA G
LAHORE

2. Extraction Techniques
(Part. 1)
Lecture 6
UNIVESITY OF EDUCATION LAHORE
PAKISTAN

3. CENTRIFUGATION
• Separates different particles from a solution
• Separates according to their size, shape, density, viscosity
of the medium and rotor speed.

4. • The particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in
a centrifuge tube.
• The tube is then placed in a rotor and spun at a define speed.
• Rotation of the rotor about a central axis generates a centrifugal
force upon the particles in the suspension.

6. FACTORS AFFECTING CENTRIFUGATION
• Density of both samples and solution
• Temperature/viscosity
• Distance of particles displacement
• Rotation speed

7. CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
• It is a device that separates particles
from a solution through use of a rotor.
• these particles are usually cells,
subcellular organelles, or large
molecules.

8. TYPES OF CENTRIFUGATION
• Microcentrifuges
• SMALL BENCHTOP CENTRIFUGES
• GENERAL PURPOSE CENTRIFUGES
• LARGE CAPACITY CENTRIFUGES
• SUPERSPEED CENTRIFUGES
• ULTRACENTRIFUGES
• DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION
• DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION

9. Microcentrifuges
• used to process small volumes of
biological molecules, cells,
or nuclei.
• generally hold 0.5 - 2.0 mL of liquid

10. Continued….
• spun at maximum angular speeds of 12,000–13,000 rpm.
• small enough to fit on a table-top and
• have rotors that can quickly change speeds.
• They may or may not have a refrigeration function.

11. SMALL BENCHTOP CENTRIFUGES
• used for small amount of material that
rapidly sediment like yeast cells,
erythrocytes etc.,
• they offer maximized capacity in a
compact footprint.

12. Continued….
•Research Applications:
• Cellular Biology,
• Microbiology,
• Genomics / Molecular Biology,
• Proteomics,
• Biochemistry and
• Pharmaceutical Studies.

13. Continued….
•Clinical Applications:
• Clinical Chemistry,
• Clinical Microbiology,
• Hematology,
• Immunology and
• Clinical Studies.

14. GENERAL PURPOSE CENTRIFUGES
• These centrifuges feature innovative rotor
technologies designed for improved
benchtop performance and flexibility,
greater sample capacity, and increased
speed.
• There is lots of choice of rotors, buckets
and adaptators to fit your needs.

15. LARGE CAPACITY CENTRIFUGES
• our large capacity centrifuges provide
reproducible separations for high‐throughput
applications such as blood banking and
bioprocessing.

16. SUPERSPEED CENTRIFUGES
• Combine cutting-edge technology,
• high-speed performance, and
• versatile rotor capacities, allow to maximiz
productivity with impressive acceleration rates.
• .

17. ULTRACENTRIFUGES
• ultracentrifuges and micro-
ultracentrifuges are designed to deliver
exceptional speed.

18. DENSITY GRADIENT CENTRIFUGATION
• one of the more efficient methods of separating suspended
particles.
• Density gradient centrifugation can be used both as a separation
technique and as a method of measuring the densities of particles
or molecules in a mixture.

19. DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION
• selectively spins down components of a mixture by a series of
increasing centrifugation forces.
• This method is commonly used to separate organelles and membranes
found in cells.
• Organelles generally differ from each other in density in size, making
the use of differential centrifugation.
• The organelles can then be identified by testing for indicators that are
unique to the specific organelles.

20. APPLICATION
• Separating chalk powder from water
• Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
• Separating particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation
• The clarification and stabilization of wine
• Separation of urine components and blood components in forensic and
research laboratories
• Aids in separation of proteins using purification techniques such
as salting out, e.g. ammonium sulfate precipitation